| 1. |
- Braunerhjelm, Pontus, et al.
(author)
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Does foreign direct investment replace home country investment? The effect of European integration on the location of Swedish investment
- 2000
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In: Journal of Common Market Studies. - : Wiley. - 0021-9886 .- 1468-5965. ; 38:2, s. 199-221
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of this article is to examine the effects of European integration on the location of investments by Swedish multinational corporations (MNCs). Evidence is presented about the extent to which European integration has attracted investment by Swedish MNCs, and whether foreign direct investment (FDI) is being undertaken at the expense of home country investment. In the empirical analysis, involving both OLS and iterative SUR techniques, a significant difference across industries has been confirmed. A substitutionary relationship between foreign and home country investment is found for more R&D-intensive production, whereas the opposite pattern seems to prevail for production based on traditional comparative advantage. The results of this study emphasize the importance of using disaggregated industry-level data when analysing the effects of foreign direct investment on home country investment.
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| 2. |
- Rauhut, Daniel
(author)
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Fattigvård, socialbidrag och synen på fattigdom i Sverige 1918-1997
- 2002
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The purpose of the study is to analyse the poverty norm for single adults without children in Sweden between 1918 - 1997. The study analyses the full norm, not support given as an income supplement. The poverty norm is defined as the minimum level of a socially acceptable standard of living. The study investigates two problems: how has the poverty norm changed during the period 1918-1997 and why has the norm changed during this period? To examine the changes of the poverty norm in Sweden 1918-1997 a hypothesis is tested: the poverty norm is linked to the standard of living of the low-income earners. By linking different forms of compensation rates it is possible to estimate the poverty norm for the studied period. This study has its theoretical point of departure in the social affinity hypothesis. Social affinity is seen as a subjective feeling of social solidarity with other individuals based on income. Given that the subjective feeling of social solidarity is formed around income, the gap between the low-income earners and the middle-income rank and the gap between the middle-income ranks and the high-income earners play a central role. Thus, this assumes that the poverty norm is determined by the changes in the income situation of the low-income earners. The hypothesis tests positive for the periods 1940-1972 and 1985-1997. During the first part of the period the poverty norm is determined by market related factors, such as income and wage. But at for the period 1985-1997 the poverty norm became a political-administrative budget line determined by politicians and bureaucrats. The poverty norm has also been the subject of ideological changes during the whole period of study. During the Inter-war period the view on poverty is determined by an absolute view on poverty. Since 1939 poverty has been regarded as something relative, which has had an impact on the poverty norm. The political left advocate a relative view on poverty.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Normative positions within an algebraic approach to normative systems
- 2004
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In: Journal of Applied Logic. - : Elsevier BV. - 1570-8683 .- 1570-8691. ; 2:1, s. 63-91
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The formal analysis of normative systems as initiated by Alchourrón and Bulygin can be complemented by the analysis of normative positions as pursued by Kanger, Lindahl, Sergot and Jones. The paper is a step towards integrating the two approaches within an algebraic theory of so-called Boolean quasi-orderings (Bqo's). In the general Bqo theory presented, a number of theoretical tools are introduced and elucidated by theorems, in particular those of fragment, connection, coupling and pair coupling. Condition implication structures (cis's) are models of the Bqo theory used for the representation of normative systems. A system of normative positions is introduced as a special kind of cis. The final section is devoted to an example exhibiting a legal mini-system where a cis of normative positions (np-cis) is joined to a descriptive cis.
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| 5. |
- Lindahl, Lars, et al.
(author)
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Normative systems and their revision: an algebraic approach
- 2003
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In: Artificial Intelligence and Law. ; 11:2-3, s. 81-104
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The paper discusses normative systems and their revision within an algebraic framework. If a system is logically well-formed, certain norms, called connecting norms, determine the system as a whole. It is maintained that, if the system is well-formed, a relation at least as low as determines a lattice or quasi-lattice of its connecting norms. The ideas are presented mainly in the form of comments on a legal example concerning acquisition of movable property by extinction of another person's previous rights.
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| 6. |
- Lindén, Anna-Lisa, et al.
(author)
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Voluntary agreements - a measure for energy-efficiency in industry? Lessons from a Swedish programme
- 2002
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In: Energy Policy. - 1873-6777 .- 0301-4215. ; 30:10, s. 897-905
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Voluntary agreements represent a policy instrument for applying new knowledge, routines or technology to specified issues. The traditional role of an authority when using information, and taking economic, or administrative measures is that of an initiator and controller. Voluntary agreements, on the other hand, represent a communication process between an authority and a partner where relations of dependency and mutuality are more important in advancing the programme. This article analyses and discusses the motivational aspects of voluntary agreements, the role of the contract, advising, information, education, time planning and the importance of reporting and evaluation in energy-efficiency programmes. Besides sociological and communication theories, the discussion is based on the outcome of an evaluation of a Swedish energy-efficiency programme. Among the conclusions are that communication processes have to be planned and implemented in time sequences and steps of measures, which was partially neglected in the Swedish programme. Also, agreements between partners have to be defined in ways valid for all partners. In the Swedish programme, quantitative goals, at least measured in kWh, were impossible to achieve for some industries. On the other hand, most industries reported progress in side effects of energy efficiency as for example transportation policy for products, recirculation of waste material, lighting policy and behaviour, qualifications for ISO labelling. Information in combination with voluntary agreements can be efficient for industrial energy conservation. The education and auditing that was part of the Swedish programme were highly appreciated and added to the achievements.
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| 7. |
- Tollmar, Konrad, et al.
(author)
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IDeixis - Searching the Web with mobile images for location-based information
- 2004
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In: MOBILE HUMAN-COMPUTER INTERACTION - MOBILEHCI 2004, PROCEEDINGS. - Berlin, Heidelberg : Springer Berlin Heidelberg. - 3540230866 ; 3160, s. 288-299
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper we describe an image-based approach to finding location-based information from camera-equipped mobile devices. We introduce a point-by-photograph paradigm, where users can specify a location simply by taking pictures. Our technique uses content-based image retrieval methods to search the web or other databases for matching images and their source pages to find relevant location-based information. In contrast to conventional approaches to location detection, our method can refer to distant locations and does not require any physical infrastructure beyond mobile internet service. We have developed a prototype on a camera phone and conducted user studies to demonstrate the efficacy of our approach.
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