| 1. |
- Arnadottir, Solrun Dogg, et al.
(författare)
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Aflimanir ofan ökkla 2010-2019 vegna útæðasjúkdóms og/eða sykursýki : Aðdragandi og áhættuþættir
- 2024
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - : LAEKNAFELAG ISLANDS-ICELANDIC MEDICAL ASSOCIATION. - 0023-7213 .- 1670-4959. ; 110:1, s. 20-27
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: No recent studies exist on lower extremity amputations (LLAs) in Iceland. The aim of this study was to investigate LLA incidence in Iceland 2010-2019 and preceding procedures in amputations induced by peripheral arterial disease (PAD) and diabetes mellitus (DM).MATERIAL AND METHODS: Retrospective study on clinical records of all patients (>18 years) who underwent LLA in Iceland's two main hospitals during 2010-2019. Patients were excluded if LLA was performed for reasons other than DM and/or PAD. Symptoms, medication and circulation assessment were recorded from first hospital visit due to symptoms, and prior to the last LLA, respectively. Previous arterial surgeries and amputations were also recorded.RESULTS: A total of 167 patients underwent LLA. Thereof, 134 (77 ± 11 years, 93 men and 41 woman) due to DM and/or PAD. The LLA-rate due to those diseases increased from 4.1/100,000 inhabitants in 2010-2013 to 6.7/100,000 in 2016-2019 (p=0,04). Risk factors were mainly hypertension, 84%, and smoking, 69%. Chronic limb -threatening ischemia induced 71% of first hospital visits. Revascularisations were performed (66% endovascular) in 101 patients. Non -diabetic patients were 52% and had statins less frequently prescribed than DM patients (26:45, p<0.001).CONCLUSION: DM and/or PAD are the leading causes of LLA in Iceland. Amputation rate increased during the period but is low in an international context. Amputation is most often preceded by arterial surgery. DM is present in almost half of cases, similar or less than in most other countries. Opportunities for improved prevention should aim on earlier diagnosis and preventive treatment of non -diabetic individuals with PAD.
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| 2. |
- Axelsdóttir, Katrín, 1968-
(författare)
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Enn um ald(u)rnara
- 2023
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Ingår i: Från Island till Sverige och tillbaka. - Uppsala : Uppsala universitet. - 9789150629965 ; , s. 77-94
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The meaning of Old Icelandic aldrnari (most famously in Vǫluspá 55) is obscure, with several interpretations having been proposed. The present article starts with a short survey of earlier proposals and subsequently adds another based on the premise that aldrnari is a loan. Secondly, it is suggested that the word might originally have been a neuter an-stem, *aldrnara, later interpreted as a masculine word, perhaps prompted by the proximity of the masculine noun eimi in the previous line. Finally, some 20th century prose examples of aldurnari are examined. These mainly occur as a part of a semi-fixed expression, which also contains the neuter noun eitur (dat. eitri) ‘poison’. In most cases, aldurnari (which means ‘fire’ in all these modern examples) is treated as a neuter too. This suggests that the form of an obscure word, and thereby its gender, can easily adapt to that of another within the same collocation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Birgisson, Helgi, et al.
(författare)
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Skimun fyrir krabbameinum í ristli og endaþarmi : Yfirlitsgrein um nýgengi, dánartíðni, kostnað og árangur
- 2021
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - : LAEKNAFELAG ISLANDS-ICELANDIC MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0023-7213 .- 1670-4959. ; 107:9, s. 398-405
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this article the incidence and mortality for cancer of the colon and rectum in Iceland is discussed. The two most common screening methods, faecal immunochemical test (FIT) and colonoscopy are compared and an estimate of cost and benefits for the Icelandic society will be made. The incidence of cancer of the colon and rectum has been increasing in Iceland in last decades but mortality has decreased and survival improved. However, more individuals die from cancer of the colon and rectum than from both breast-and cervical cancer added together. It is likely that screening for cancer of the colon and rectum, could prevent at least 6 of the 28 deaths related to those cancers, occurring yearly in Iceland in screening age, given a screening ages of 50-74 years. The extra cost for the Icelandic community due to the implementation of screening for cancer of the colon and rectum will be acceptable due to the lower cost of simpler treatments, lower cancer incidence and reduced mortality.
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| 5. |
- Garoarsdottir, Helga Run, et al.
(författare)
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Árangur kransæðahjáveituaðgerða hjá konum á Íslandi
- 2018
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - : LAEKNAFELAG ISLANDS-ICELANDIC MEDICAL ASSOC. - 0023-7213 .- 1670-4959. ; 104:7-8, s. 335-340
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- InngangurMarkmið þessarar rannsóknar var að bera saman árangur kransæða-hjáveituaðgerða hjá konum og körlum á Íslandi með áherslu á snemm- og síðkomna fylgikvilla, 30 daga dánartíðni og langtímalifun.Efniviður og aðferðirAfturskyggn rannsókn á öllum sjúklingum sem gengust undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Íslandi á árunum 2001-2013. Upplýsingar fengust úr sjúkraskrám og Dánarmeinaskrá Embættis landlæknis. Fylgikvillum var skipt í snemm- og síðkomna fylgikvilla og heildarlif-un reiknuð með aðferð Kaplan-Meier. Fjölþátta aðhvarfsgreining var notuð til að meta forspárþætti dauða innan 30 daga og Cox aðhvarfs-greining til að meta forspárþætti verri langtímalifunar. Meðaleftirfylgd var 6,8 ár. NiðurstöðurAf 1755 sjúklingum voru 318 konur (18%). Meðalaldur þeirra var fjórum árum hærri en karla (69 ár á móti 65 árum, p<0,001), þær höfðu oftar sögu um háþrýsting (72% á móti 64%, p=0,009) og EuroSCOREst þeirra var hærra (6,1 á móti 4,3, p<0,001). Hlutfall annarra áhættu-þátta eins og sykursýki var hins vegar sambærilegt, líkt og útbreiðsla kransæðasjúkdóms. Alls létust 12 konur (4%) og 30 karlar (2%) innan 30 daga frá aðgerð en munurinn var ekki marktækur (p=0,08). Tíðni snemmkominna fylgikvilla, bæði minniháttar (53% á móti 48% p=0,07) og alvarlegra (13% á móti 11%, p=0,2), var sambærileg. Fimm árum frá aðgerð var lifun kvenna 87% borin saman við 90% hjá körlum (p=0,09). Þá var tíðni síðkominna fylgikvilla sambærileg hjá konum og körlum 5 árum frá aðgerð (21% á móti 19%, p=0,3). Kvenkyn reyndist hvorki sjálfstæður forspárþáttur 30 daga dánartíðni (OR 0,99; 95%-ÖB: 0,97-1,01) né verri lifunar (HR 1,08; 95%-ÖB: 0,82-1,42).Ályktun Mun færri konur en karlar gangast undir kransæðahjáveituaðgerð á Íslandi og eru þær fjórum árum eldri þegar kemur að aðgerð. Árangur kransæðahjáveitu er góður hjá konum líkt og körlum, en 5 árum eftir aðgerð eru 87% kvenna á lífi.
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| 6. |
- Gudbjartsson, Tómas, et al.
(författare)
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Mennun, starfsvettvangur og framtídarhorfur a vinnumarkadi íslenskra skurdlaekna
- 2010
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - 0023-7213. ; 96:10, s. 9-603
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- INTRODUCTION: Information about the education, training and future employment prospects of Icelandic surgeons has not been available.MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study included all Icelandic surgeons, in all subspecialties, educated at the Faculty of Medicine at the University of Iceland. Information on specialty training, higher academic degrees and in which country these were obtained was collected. Future employment prospects were analysed by calculating supply and demand until the year 2025. Approximations, such as sustained demand for surgeons per capita, were used.RESULTS: Out of 237 licensed surgeons, two thirds were living in Iceland and 36 were retired. Majority (69.2%) had been trained in Sweden and orthopaedic (26.9%) and general surgery (23.9%) were the most common subspecialties. The average age of surgeons in Iceland was 52 years and 44 years for surgeons abroad. Females were 8% of surgeons in Iceland while being 17.4% among 36 doctors in surgical training overseas. Over 19% had received a PhD degree. Predictions suggest that supply and demand for surgeons in Iceland will be equal in the year 2025, not taking into account the prospects for the working market outside Iceland.CONCLUSION: A third of Icelandic surgeons live outside Iceland. The proportion of female surgeons is low but it is increasing. Our predictions indicate a balanced work market for surgeons in Iceland for the next 15 years. However, there are many uncertainty factors in the calculations and they do not predict the prospects for individual subspecialties.
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| 7. |
- Guðmundsdóttir, Aðalheiður, 1965-
(författare)
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Guðrúnarbrögð hin nýju
- 2023
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Ingår i: Från Island till Sverige och tillbaka. - Uppsala : Institutionen för nordiska språk. - 9789150629965 ; , s. 9-24
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The article sheds light on the connection between Icelandicliterature and legends of kings and chieftains from France, present-day Germany, andother European countries. Thus, it deals with historical figures who are connected not onlyto the protagonists of Völsunga saga but also to earlier heroic poems such as Atlakviða,the three lays of Guðrún and Guðrúnarvöt. In a broader sense, some literary figures ofthese works, such as Sigurðr Fáfnisbani, Atli Húnakonungr, Þjóðrekr (fromGuðrúnarkviða III), Jörmunrekr, and Jónakr, appear in various sources and poems of theGermanic heroic tradition. This is also the case with the heroine Guðrún Gjúkadóttir, thewife of Sigurðr Fáfnisbani, Atli, and Jónakr, who is known to us as Kriemhild from Germanicpoetry. In this article, an attempt is made to shed new light on the story of Guðrún.Special attention is given to Guðrún’s husbands, and how her different relationships bringtogether some of the leading figures from the period of the Great Migration. The articleargues that Guðrún’s role in this narrative tradition is of great importance and must beconsidered as the central connective element of the narrative units that revolve around thesubject matter of Völsunga saga.
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| 8. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Anna Gudlaug, et al.
(författare)
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Snemmkominn árangur opinna ósæðarlokuskipta við ósæðarlokuþrengslum hjá konum á Íslandi
- 2019
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - : Laeknabladid/The Icelandic Medical Journal. - 0023-7213 .- 1670-4959. ; 105:5, s. 215-221
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Introduction: Aortic valve replacement (AVR) for aortic stenosis (AS) is the second most common open-heart procedure performed in Iceland. The aim of this study was to analyze the early outcome of AVR among females in Iceland.Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study including 428 patients who underwent surgical AVR due to AS in Iceland from 2002-2013. Information was gathered from medical records, including pre-and postoperative results of echocardiography and complications. Overall survival was estimated (Kaplan-Meier) and logistic regression used to identify predictors of operative mortality. The median follow-up time was 8.8 years (0-16.5 years).Results: Of the 428 patients, 151 were female (35.3%), that were on average 2 years older than men (72.6 ± 9.4 vs. 70.4 ± 9.8 yrs., p=0.020). Preoperative symptoms were similar, but women had significantly higher EurosSCORE II than men (5.2 ± 8.8 vs. 3.2 ± 4.6, p=0.002). Maximal pressure-gradient across the aortic valve was higher for women (74.4 ± 29.3 mmHg vs. 68.0 ± 23.4 mmHg, p=0,013) but postoperative complications, operative mortality (8.6% vs. 4.0%, p=0.068) and 5-year survival (78.6% vs. 83.1%, p=0.245) were comparable for women and men. Logistic regression analysis showed that female gender was not an independent predictor of 30-day mortality (OR 1.54, 95% CI 0.63-3.77).Conclusions: Females constitute one third of patients that undergo AVR for AS in Iceland. At the time of surgery females are two years older than men and appear to have a more significant aortic stenosis at the time of surgery. However, complication rates, operative mortality and long-term survival were comparable for both genders.
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| 9. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Meðfædd vélindalokun á Íslandi 1963-2002
- 2004
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - 0023-7213. ; 90:9, s. 629-633
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Oesophageal atresia is an congenital anomali with incidence of 1/3000-1/4500 live births. The results of reconstructive surgery has improved greatly, to 80-92% survival reported in the last two decades. The aim of this study was to determine the incidence of oesophageal atresia in Iceland and to evaluate the results of operations at the Department of Pediatric surgery at The Children's Hospital, Landspítal inn - University Hospital in Iceland. Material and methods: This retrospective study included all children diagnosed with oesophageal atresia in Iceland between 1963 and 2002. Information was gathered from hospital records, including birth-weight, gestational age, the type of atresia and the presence of other congenital anomalies. The results of operation were determined including post operative complications. Information on life births in Iceland for the same period was gathered from the Icelandic National Register. Results: Thirtyseven children were diagnosed with oesophageal atresia in these 40 years. The average birth-weight was 2626g, including 14 children (38%) with low birth-weight (<2500g). Fifteen children (41%) were prematurely born (<38 weeks). Thirtyfour children (92%) had the most common type of oesophageal atresia with proximal blind loop and distal tracheooesophageal fistula. Thirtyfour children were operated on, including one in Denmark. Nine children died within 60 days after surgery. The most common cause of death was lung inflammation (n=7, 78%). The survival after surgery in Iceland was 73% in the study period. Other congenital defects were common in this patient group with congenital heart defects as the most common ones (n=12, 32%). The incidence decresead in the study period from 1/3737 in the first ten years to 1/10639 in the last decade, this did not reach statistical signifiquance. Conclusion: It is interesting to see this decrease in incidence in the study period and this is the lowest incidence known to us. The survival has improved from previous study but is however still lower compared to our neighbouring countries. Other congenital anomalies are common in this patient group.
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| 10. |
- Gunnarsdottir, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Skurðaðgerðir við launeista á Barnaspítala Hringsins 1970-1993
- 2003
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Ingår i: Laeknabladid. - 0023-7213. ; 89:2, s. 119-123
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Cryptorchidism is a common congenital genito-urological anomali in males with increased risk of infertility and testicular cancer. In this retrospective study the results of operations for undescended testis at Landspitalinn University Hospital were reviewed with special emphasis on patients diagnosed with testicular cancer later in life. Material and methods: The study includes 593 males with undescended testis who were operated on between 1970 and 1993. Information was gathered from hospital records, including birth-weight, age at diagnosis and operation, localization of the testes and complications to surgery. Information on patients diagnosed with testicular cancer was aquired from the Icelandic Cancer Registry. Results: The average birth-weight was 3461 g, including 58 boys (10%) with low birth-weight (
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