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- Aguilera, Roberto F., et al.
(författare)
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Rewolucja £upkowa : Oewiatowe rynki gazu i ropy naftowej w warunkach transformacji
- 2015
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Ingår i: Gospodarka Surowcami Mineralnymi. - : Walter de Gruyter GmbH. - 0860-0953 .- 2299-2324. ; 31:1, s. 5-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The shale gas and oil revolution has unexpectedly and forcefully begun to change the energy landscape in the United States. It is expected to spread beyond the US, with far reaching implications for the global energy map, but also for themacro-economy and politics ofmany countries. The purpose of this paper is to bring a better understanding to what prompted the revolution, to assess the production methods and associated environmental concerns, to speculate what can reasonably be expected in coming decades, and to sketch the full impact of a ripening shale revolution on the emerging economic and political policy choices for energy exporting and importing countries.We find that a large scale expansion can be expected in US shale gas and oil activities in the coming two decades. Globally, the shale leaders are likely to be countries that are already significant gas and oil producers. Setting up a policy framework to allow and promote shale development in a safe manner is a necessity for the launch of shale exploitation. The most important implication of a successful shale revolution would arguably be a downward pressure on gas and coal prices in regional markets and on the global oil price.
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| 4. |
- Arkeryd, Leif, 1940
(författare)
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Analiza niestandardowa
- 2004
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Ingår i: Delta. - 0137-3005. ; 7, s. 12-13
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 7. |
- Bak, Krzysztof
(författare)
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Todorov and after : Kilka refleksji o współczesnych badaniach nad fantastyką
- 2012. - 1
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Ingår i: Horyzonty wyobraźni. - Kraków : Wydawnictwo "scriptum". - 9788360163863 - 8360163863 ; , s. 7-23
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Todorov and After. Some Reflections on the Modern Study of the Fantastic The paper examines Tzvetan Todorov’s theory of the fantastic, formulated in his influential study The Fantastic: A Structural Approach to A Literary Genre (1970, eng. transl. 1975). Special attention is given to the theory’s historical background, its epistemological structure, and its reception in literary criticism. Discussing the genesis of Todorov’s concept of the fantastic, the paper focuses on three fundamental factors determining his investigation: the high status of the fantastic in French literary history and criticism, the development of the structuralist methodology in the sixties, and Todorov’s intimate knowledge of Russian formalism. Drawing on Foucault’s archaeology of knowledge, the paper analyses the epistemes ruling the surface structure and the deep structure respectively of Todorov’s theory. In the surface structure one can observe a considerable epistemological homogenity, based on the episteme of dehumanisation. In the deep structure, however, Todorov’s definition of the fantastic, it is claimed, refers to incompatible notions of imagination rooted in two different epistemes: one pre-Kantian, corresponding to the Greek notion of phantasia, and one post-Kantian, founded on the idea of subjectivity. Todorov’s structural, anti-subjectivist approach to the fantastic, the paper demonstrates, results in a rebirth of the subject. As often the case with groundbreaking works, the reception of Todorov’s study has been mostly critical. Scholars have found five main weeknesses in Todorov’s concept: a lack of historical, contextual and ideological modes of description, a definitional narrowness, an inability to establish stable and pragmatic genre denominators, an overdimensioned emphasis on narrative categories, and a disregard for non-literary and nonlinguistic media. The revisions of Todorov’s concept that have been elaborated during the last decades have used of a wide spectrum of theoretical models: Goldman’s genetic dialectics, the theory of possible worlds, the notion of intermediality, the cognitive narratology, and the theory of iconic „antiworlds”, among others. With reference to Bloom’s notion of anxiety of influence, the paper argues that the attempts to modify the theory tend to relapse into Todorov’s own patterns of thought, and, paradoxically, confirm his position as leading scholar in the field of the fantastic.
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| 8. |
- Baranowska, Anna
(författare)
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Decyzje prokreacyjne : preferencje a realizacja
- 2007
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Ingår i: Aktywność zawodowa i edukacyjna a obowiązki rodzinne w Polsce w świetle badań empirycznych. - Warsaw : Wydawnictwo Naukowe Scholar. - 9788373832480
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Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
- Baranowska-Rataj, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Czy znamy lekarstwo na niską dzietność? Międzynarodowe badania ewaluacyjne na temat polityki rodzinnej (Do we know the cure for low fertility? The results from the international research evaluating family policies)
- 2012
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Ingår i: Polityka Społeczna (Social Policy). - : The Institute of Labour and Social Studies. - 0137-4729. ; 460:7, s. 9-14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article presents an idea of policy evaluation research and reviews empirical studies which measure causal effects of family policies reforms on fertility. In light of international experience, a positive impact on fertility can be exerted through an increase in availability of childcare, speed premium implemented in parental leave schemes as well as tax exemptions and family benefits. Nevertheless, family policy reforms that proved to work in Europe, might not necessarily have exactly the same effects in Poland. Therefore, it is of overriding importance to fill the existing research gap in the evaluation of family policies in Poland by making use of the methodology for evaluating policy interventions. Otherwise future reforms in family policies will be based on ad-hoc assumptions rather than on scientific evidence.
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