| 1. |
- Abel, Martin, et al.
(author)
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Collision-induced absorption by supermolecular complexes from a new potential energy and induced dipole surface, suited for calculations up to thousands of kelvin
- 2010
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In: 20th International Conference on Spectral Line Shapes. - Melville, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP). - 9780735408456 ; , s. 251-257
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Absorption by pairs of H2 molecules is an important opacity source in the atmospheres of the outer planets, and thus of special astronomical interest. The emission spectra of cool white dwarf stars differ significantly from the expected blackbody spectra, amongst other reasons due to absorption by H2-H2, H2-He, and H2-H collisional complexes in the stellar atmospheres. To model the radiative processes in these atmospheres, which have temperatures of several thousand kelvin, one needs accurate knowledge of the induced dipole (ID) and potential energy surfaces (PES) of such collisional complexes. These come from quantum-chemical calculations with the H2 bonds stretched or compressed far from equilibrium. Laboratory measurements of collision-induced (CI) absorption exist only at much lower temperature. For H2 pairs at room temperature, the calculated spectra of the rototranslational band, the fundamental band, and the first overtone match the experimental data very well. In addition, with the newly obtained IDS it became possible to reproduce the measurements in the far blue wing of the rototranslational spectrum of H2 at 77.5 K, as well as at 300 K. Similarly good agreement between theory and measurement is seen in the fundamental band of molecular deuterium at room temperature. Furthermore, we also show the calculated absorption spectra of H2-He at 600 K and of H2-H2 at 2,000 K, for which there are no experimental data for comparison
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| 2. |
- Ahlén, Gustaf, et al.
(author)
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Mannosylated mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion proteins enhance antigen-specific antibody and T lymphocyte responses
- 2012
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 7:10
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Targeting antigens to antigen-presenting cells (APC) improve their immunogenicity and capacity to induce Th1 responses and cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL). We have generated a mucin-type immunoglobulin fusion protein (PSGL-1/mIgG2b), which upon expression in the yeast Pichia pastoris became multivalently substituted with O-linked oligomannose structures and bound the macrophage mannose receptor (MMR) and dendritic cell-specific intercellular adhesion molecule-3 grabbing non-integrin (DC-SIGN) with high affinity in vitro. Here, its effects on the humoral and cellular anti-ovalbumin (OVA) responses in C57BL/6 mice are presented.OVA antibody class and subclass responses were determined by ELISA, the generation of anti-OVA CTLs was assessed in 51Cr release assays using in vitro-stimulated immune spleen cells from the different groups of mice as effector cells and OVA peptide-fed RMA-S cells as targets, and evaluation of the type of Th cell response was done by IFN-γ, IL-2, IL-4 and IL-5 ELISpot assays.Immunizations with the OVA − mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b conjugate, especially when combined with the AbISCO®-100 adjuvant, lead to faster, stronger and broader (with regard to IgG subclass) OVA IgG responses, a stronger OVA-specific CTL response and stronger Th1 and Th2 responses than if OVA was used alone or together with AbISCO®-100. Also non-covalent mixing of mannosylated PSGL-1/mIgG2b, OVA and AbISCO®-100 lead to relatively stronger humoral and cellular responses. The O-glycan oligomannoses were necessary because PSGL-1/mIgG2b with mono- and disialyl core 1 structures did not have this effect.Mannosylated mucin-type fusion proteins can be used as versatile APC-targeting molecules for vaccines and as such enhance both humoral and cellular immune responses.
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| 3. |
- Andersson, Camilla, 1979-, et al.
(author)
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Impacts of the Productive Safety Net Program in Ethiopia on livestock and tree holdings of rural households
- 2011
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In: Journal of Development Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0304-3878 .- 1872-6089. ; 94:1, s. 119-126
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We evaluated the impacts of the Ethiopian Productive Safety Net Program (PSNP) on rural households' holdings of livestock and forest assets/trees. We found no indication that participation in PSNP induces households to disinvest in livestock or trees. In fact, households that participated in the program increased the number of trees planted, but there was no increase in their livestock holdings. We found no strong evidence that the PSNP protects livestock in times of shock. Shocks appear to lead households to disinvest in livestock, but not in trees. Our results suggest that there is increased forestry activity as a result of PSNP, and that improved credit access encourages households to increase their livestock holdings.
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Antipov, Sergey V., 1986, et al.
(author)
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Spin-orbit and rotational couplings in radiative association of C((3)P) and N((4)S) atoms.
- 2011
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In: The Journal of chemical physics. - : AIP Publishing. - 1089-7690 .- 0021-9606. ; 135:18
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of spin-orbit and rotational couplings in radiative association of C((3)P) and N((4)S) atoms is investigated. Couplings among doublet electronic states of the CN radical are considered, giving rise to a 6-state model of the process. The solution of the dynamical problem is based on the L(2) method, where a complex absorbing potential is added to the Hamiltonian operator in order to treat continuum and bound levels in the same manner. Comparison of the energy-dependent rate coefficients calculated with and without spin-orbit and rotational couplings shows that the couplings have a strong effect on the resonance structure and low-energy baseline of the rate coefficient.
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| 6. |
- Brogårdh, Christina, et al.
(author)
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Construct Validity of a New Rating Scale for Self-Reported Impairments in Persons With Late Effects of Polio.
- 2013
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In: PM & R : the journal of injury, function, and rehabilitation. - : Wiley. - 1934-1563 .- 1934-1482. ; 5:3, s. 176-181
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the construct validity of a new rating scale for self-reported impairments in persons with late effects of polio. DESIGN: Psychometric analysis of data on self-perceived impairments in persons with prior polio. PARTICIPANTS: Two hundred and seventy-three persons with prior polio (119 men and 154 women; mean age, 63.5 years). METHOD: Rasch analysis of a 13-item rating scale with 5 response categories, in which the participants rated how much they have been bothered by various post-polio-related impairments during the past 2 weeks. RESULTS: The initial analysis showed disordered categories, misfit with some of the items, multidimensionality, and local dependency. After adjustment of the categories, which resulted in a 4-category rating scale, fit to the model was achieved, but the scale still showed signs of multidimensionality. Analyses of local dependency revealed correlations among some of the items, which resulted in a 5 testlet solution, which gave fit to the model and unidimensionality. CONCLUSION: After adjustment of the categories and local dependency, this new rating scale, Self-Reported Impairments in Persons With Late Effects of Polio, can be considered as unidimensional. The good psychometric properties implies that the Self-Reported Impairments in Persons With Late Effects of Polio scale could be a useful rating scale that would increase our understanding of the impairments that persons with late effects of polio can experience. With further refinements, this scale may assist in the planning and evaluation of appropriate rehabilitation interventions.
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| 7. |
- Busch, Michael, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Validation of binuclear descriptor for mixed transition metal oxide supported electrocatalytic water oxidation
- 2013
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In: Catalysis Today. - : Elsevier BV. - 0920-5861 .- 1873-4308. ; 202:1, s. 114-119
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The energy profiles of the di-hydroxo – di-oxo – peroxo pathway are discussed for a set of 3d transition metal oxides comprising V(III–V), Cr(III–V), Mn(II–IV, Mn(III–V), Fe(II–IV), Co(II–IV) and Ni(II–IV) using density functional theory (DFT). Two classes of oxides were identified. The first class, comprising V(III–V), Cr(III–V) and Fe(II–IV), displays exothermicity for the oxidation of di-hydroxo to di-oxo versus the tyrosine/tyrosyl-radical (TyrOH/TyrO) couple and endothermicity for the subsequent O-O bond formation ([−/+] class), while the second class, comprising Mn(III–V), Co(II–IV) and Ni(II–IV), shows endothermicity with respect to the oxidation step and exothermicity for the O-O bond formation ([+/−] class). The energetics of the endothermicity (exothermicity) for the oxidation step is reflected in the exothermicity (endothermicity) of the subsequent O-O bond formation step. Mn(II–IV) is not part of any of the two classes. Instead it shows zero exothermicity with respect to TyrOH/TyrO for the oxidation step and a small endothermicity for the O-O bond formation step. Despite the promising energy profile Mn(II–IV) is argued to be inactive due to a large activation barrier. A set of improved hetero-nuclear candidate catalysts is predicted by mixing [−/+] with [+/−] transition metal oxides. A simple and efficient method to estimate the energy profile of mixed transition metal oxides from the homo-nuclear systems is demonstrated. The validity of this procedure is checked and agreement with the explicitly calculated values is found. All considered heteronuclear candidate catalysts display enhanced performance compared to the pure homonuclear systems.
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| 8. |
- Busch, Michael, 1983, et al.
(author)
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Water Oxidation on MnOx and IrOx: Why Similar Performance?
- 2013
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In: Journal of Physical Chemistry C. - : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 1932-7447 .- 1932-7455. ; 117:1, s. 288-292
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The critical steps in water oxidation at a binuclear Mn(II–IV) oxide site are revisited. Ideal stabilities of intermediates are confirmed by comparing to results for a binuclear Ir(III–V) system. The latter in turn is known to be an excellent water oxidation catalyst. The inefficiency of the binuclear Mn(II–IV) site is owing to the high activation energy for the chemical step whereby MnIV═O double bonds on adjacent sites are broken prior to forming the MnIII—O—O—MnIII peroxy moiety. A rationale for Mn(II–IV)—Mn(III–V) mixed oxidation state for water oxidation catalysis, analogous to mixed transition metal oxide systems, is offered. Possible virtues of the kinetic stability of the binuclear MnIV═O moiety are discussed, utilizing its oxidizing power by sidestepping oxygen evolution.
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| 9. |
- Carlsson, Bo, et al.
(author)
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The evolving domain of entrepreneurship research
- 2013
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In: Small Business Economics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0921-898X .- 1573-0913. ; 41:4, s. 913-930
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Research on entrepreneurship has flourished in recent years and is evolving rapidly. This article explores the history of entrepreneurship research, how the research domain has evolved, and its current status as an academic field. The need to concretize these issues stems partly from a general interest in defining the current research domain and partly from the more specific tasks confronting the prize committee of the Global Award for Entrepreneurship Research. Entrepreneurship has developed in many sub-fields within several disciplines-primarily economics, management/business administration, sociology, psychology, economic and cultural anthropology, business history, strategy, marketing, finance, and geography-representing a variety of research traditions, perspectives, and methods. We present an analytical framework that organizes our thinking about the domain of entrepreneurship research by specifying elements, levels of analysis, and the process/context. An overview is provided of where the field stands today and how it is positioned relative to the existing disciplines and new research fields upon which it draws. Areas needed for future progress are highlighted, particularly the need for a rigorous dynamic theory of entrepreneurship that relates entrepreneurial activity to economic growth and human welfare. Moreover, applied work based on more careful design as well as on theoretical models yielding more credible and robust estimates seems also highly warranted.
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| 10. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The progress of GHG markets : opportunities and risks
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The climate negotiations at the COP15 in December 2009 did not produce a new international treaty with binding emissions commitments but the Copenhagen Accord for dealing with post-2012 climate change. Given the current climate negotiation process it is unlikely that we will see a global climate agreement soon on a global cap between all Convention members participating in a single carbon market. We may be more likely to see a stepwise process moving towards this scenario, most likely involving linkages between different national policy programs when it comes to mitigation as well as offsetting emissions. In such a process countries will offer commitments based on their domestic abilities, preferences and policies, norms and institutions. National and sub-national policies are thus likely to be the de-facto building blocks of nations' abilities to make and fulfill international commitments. However, also with multilateral mitigation programs without binding commitments, carbon markets will be needed as well as international authorities that support measurement, reporting and verification rules and the international registries. Such markets will necessarily be complicated and temporary in a world without an overarching binding agreement. There will be numerous tradeoffs between different kinds of second-best arrangements. The purpose of this report is to build knowledge about the effects of the development of regional and international carbon markets and the auxiliary technology agreements that might be needed. Among the topics we address are: the evolution and integration of carbon markets, the impacts of policy and technology cost uncertainty on the cost of meeting targets through a carbon market mechanism, the effect of banking, price floors and ceilings, institutional constraints and technological change in the further development of carbon markets and their links to other environmental policy instruments, and the potential of REDD-plus to encourage sustainable forest development and climate mitigation.
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