| 61. |
- Aiff, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of 10 to 30 years of lithium treatment on kidney function
- 2015
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopharmacology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-8811 .- 1461-7285. ; 29:5, s. 608-614
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Long-term lithium treatment is associated with end-stage renal disease, but there is little evidence of a clinically significant reduction in renal function in most patients. We previously found that 1.5% of people who took lithium from the 1960s and 1970s developed end-stage renal disease; however, none of the patients who started after 1980 had end-stage renal disease. Here we aimed to study the prevalence and extent of kidney damage during the course of long-term lithium treatment since 1980. We retrieved serum lithium and creatinine levels from 4879 patients examined between 1 January 1981 and 31 December 2010. Only patients who started their lithium treatment during the study period and had at least 10 years of cumulative treatment were included. The study group comprised 630 adult patients (402 women and 228 men) with normal creatinine levels at the start of lithium treatment. There was a yearly increase in median serum creatinine levels already from the first year of treatment. About one-third of the patients who had taken lithium for 10-29 years had evidence of chronic renal failure but only 5% were in the severe or very severe category. The results indicate that a substantial proportion of adult patients who are treated with lithium for more than a decade develop signs of renal functional impairment, also when treated according to modern therapeutic principles. Our results emphasise that lithium treatment requires continuous monitoring of kidney function.
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| 62. |
- Aiff, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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End-stage renal disease associated with prophylactic lithium treatment
- 2014
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Ingår i: European Neuropsychopharmacology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-977X .- 1873-7862. ; 24:4, s. 540-544
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The primary aim of this study was to estimate the prevalence of lithium associated end-stage renal disease (ESRD) and to compare the relative risk of ESRD in lithium users versus non-lithium users. Second, the role of lithium in the pathogenesis of ESRD was evaluated. We used the Swedish Renal Registry to search for lithium-treated patients with ESRD among 2644 patients with chronic renal replacement therapy (RRT)-either dialysis or transplantation, within two defined geographical areas in Sweden with 2.8 million inhabitants. The prevalence date was December 31, 2010. We found 30 ESRD patients with a history of lithium treatment. ESRD with RRT was significantly more prevalent among lithium users than among non-lithium users (p<0.001). The prevalence of ESRD with RRT in the lithium user population was 15.0‰ (95% CI 9.7-20.3), and close to two percent of the RRT population were lithium users. The relative risk of ESRD with RRT in the lithium user population compared with the general population was 7.8 (95% CI 5.4-11.1). Out of those 30 patients, lithium use was classified, based on chart reviews, as being the sole (n=14) or main (n=10) cause of ESRD in 24 cases. Their mean age at the start of RRT was 66 years (46-82), their mean time on lithium 27 years (12-39), and 22 of them had been on lithium for 15 years or more. We conclude that lithium-associated ESRD is an uncommon but not rare complication of lithium treatment. © 2014.
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| 63. |
- Aiff, Harald, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of modern treatment principles may have eliminated lithium-induced renal failure
- 2014
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Ingår i: Journal of Psychopharmacology. - : SAGE Publications. - 0269-8811 .- 1461-7285. ; 28:2, s. 151-154
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have previously shown that lithium can cause end-stage renal disease (ESRD): however, this serious side-effect of lithium in prophylactic treatment of mood disorders may reflect the treatment regime of the 1960s and 1970s. Today's modern treatment routines, intended to reduce or eliminate lithium-induced ESRD (Li-ESRD), were introduced in Sweden in the early 1980s. The aim of the present study was to test the hypothesis that these routines have eliminated the risk of Li-ESRD. We used the Swedish Renal Registry to identify patients on renal replacement therapy (RRT), treated with dialysis or renal transplantation, with suspected Li-ESRD in two regions of Sweden with altogether about three million inhabitants. We reviewed their medical records to verify the exposure to lithium treatment, the diagnosis of Li-ESRD and the date of starting the lithium treatment. We found 32 RRT patients in whom lithium treatment was the sole or main contributing cause of ESRD. The starting year of their lithium treatment was between 1965-1980 in all patients. No patient started lithium treatment later than 1980. Modern lithium treatment may have eliminated the risk of Li-ESRD. Our findings support the continued use of lithium as a safe drug for the long-term treatment of mood disorders.
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| 64. |
- Ajeganova, S., et al.
(författare)
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Long-term fracture risk in rheumatoid arthritis: impact of early sustained DAS28-remission and restored function, progressive erosive disease, body mass index, autoantibody positivity and glucocorticoids. A cohort study over 10 years
- 2023
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Ingår i: BMC Rheumatology. - 2520-1026. ; 7:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BackgroundRisk of fragility fractures in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is increased. Disease-related inflammation in RA is associated with low Bone Mineral Density (BMD). However, effects of specific disease factors on fracture occurrence and whether or not such disease effects are independent of BMD are unknown.MethodsAnalysis of fracture outcome in the prospective cohort of 2557 patients with early RA (67% women, mean age 58.1 & PLUSMN; 15.6 years) during an observation period of 10.6 & PLUSMN; 4.7 years. In 602 patients BMD was measured at baseline. The first major fragility fractures were considered. Kaplan-Meier and Cox regression analysis, adjusted for traditional factors, prior fracture, disease activity and period of inclusion, were used to estimate the risk of the outcome.ResultsDuring follow-up fracture occurred in 352 patients (13.8%), a rate of 13/1000 p-y. A proportional risk reduction for the outcome was associated with Body Mass Index (BMI) at baseline, BMI & GE; 30 kg/m(2), and over the first two years sustained Disease Activity Score (DAS28)-remission, DAS28-low disease activity and Health Assessment Questionnaire (HAQ) & LE; 0.5. The proportional risk elevation for fractures was associated with BMI & LE; 20 kg/m(2), DAS28 at baseline, 6-month and at 1-year, cumulative DAS28 over the two years, RF, erosion score progression at 2-year, HAQ score and HAQ & GE; 1 at 6-month and 1-year and showed a trend for ACPA positivity. The estimated fracture risk was increased in users of glucocorticoids (GC), associated with a higher GC-dosage at follow-ups and a higher cumulative dosage over two years, independently of disease activity. With adjustment for BMD, there was no difference in fracture outcome by exposure to GC. The effects of a higher BMI, DAS28-remission and low HAQ & LE; 0.5 attained at 6-month of treatment initiation and sustained up to 2 years, RF, ACPA, and erosion score progression at 2-year were independent of low BMD.ConclusionsThis analysis supports importance of RA-specific risk factors in early RA for future major fragility fractures. Treat-to-target strategy and restored functional capacity in early RA-disease are important to prevent fractures. Autoantibody positivity, progressively erosive disease, and low weight could have additional value for personalized fracture preventive strategies in early RA.
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| 65. |
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| 66. |
- Al-Amily, Israa Mohammad, et al.
(författare)
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The functional impact of G protein-coupled receptor 142 (Gpr142) on pancreatic -cell in rodent
- 2019
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Ingår i: Pflugers Archiv-European Journal of Physiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0031-6768 .- 1432-2013. ; 471:4, s. 633-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We have recently shown that the G protein-coupled receptor 142 (GPR142) is expressed in both rodent and human pancreatic -cells. Herein, we investigated the cellular distribution of GPR142 within islets and the effects of selective agonists of GPR142 on glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in the mouse islets and INS-1832/13 cells. Double-immunostaining revealed that GPR142 immunoreactivity in islets mainly occurs in insulin-positive cells. Potentiation of GSIS by GPR142 activation was accompanied by increased cAMP content in INS-1832/13 cells. PKA/Epac inhibition markedly suppressed the effect of GPR142 activation on insulin release. Gpr142 knockdown (Gpr142-KD) in islets was accompanied by elevated release of MCP-1, IFN, and TNF during culture period and abolished the modulatory effect of GPR142 activation on the GSIS. Gpr142-KD had no effect on Ffar1, Ffar2, or Ffar3 mRNA while reducing Gpr56 and increasing Tlr5 and Tlr7 mRNA expression. Gpr142-KD was associated with an increased expression of Chrebp, Txnip, RhoA, and mitochondrial Vdac1 concomitant with a reduced Pdx1, Pax6, and mitochondrial Vdac2 mRNA levels. Long-term exposure of INS-1832/13 cells to hyperglycemia reduced Gpr142 and Vdac2 while increased Chrebp, Txnip, and Vdac1 mRNA expression. GPR142 agonists or Bt(2)-cAMP counteracted this effect. Glucotoxicity-induced decrease of cell viability in Gpr142-KD INS-1 cells was not affected by GPR142-agonists while Bt(2)-cAMP prevented it. The results show the importance of Gpr142 in the maintenance of pancreatic -cell function in rodents and that GPR142 agonists potentiate GSIS by an action, which most likely is due to increased cellular generation of second messenger molecule cAMP.
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| 67. |
- Al-Bishri, A, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence of neurosensory disturbance after sagittal split osteotomy alone or combined with genioplasty
- 2004
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Ingår i: The British journal of oral & maxillofacial surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-4356 .- 1532-1940. ; 42:2, s. 105-11
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We mailed questionnaires to all patients who had had sagittal split osteotomies alone (n=84) or in combination with genioplasty (n=37) between 1995 and 2000, to find out the incidence of postoperative sensory disturbances. The patients with sagittal split osteotomies alone reported sensory disturbance in 48/131 (37%) operated sides. When combined with genioplasty patients experienced them in 20/54 (37%) operated sides. The incidences were 36/101 (36%) for mandibular advancement and 12/30 (40%) for mandibular setback. Out of the patients with sagittal split osteotomies alone, 59/66 (89%) were satisfied with the result of the operation, and when combined with the genioplasty the corresponding figure was 23/27 (85%). We conclude that differences in the incidence of sensory disturbance after sagittal split osteotomy for mandibular advancement and setback were not significant. The combination with genioplasty did not increase the incidence of sensory disturbance. Sensory changes after the osteotomies do not serve to be the main determinant of the patients’ satisfaction.
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| 68. |
- Al-Majdoub, Mahmoud, et al.
(författare)
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Population-level analysis to determine parameters that drive variation in the plasma metabolite profiles
- 2018
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Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI AG. - 2218-1989. ; 8:4
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The plasma metabolome is associated with multiple phenotypes and diseases. However, a systematic study investigating clinical determinants that control the metabolome has not yet been conducted. In the present study, therefore, we aimed to identify the major determinants of the plasma metabolite profile. We used ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC) coupled to quadrupole time of flight mass spectrometry (QTOF-MS) to determine 106 metabolites in plasma samples from 2503 subjects in a cross-sectional study. We investigated the correlation structure of the metabolite profiles and generated uncorrelated metabolite factors using principal component analysis (PCA) and varimax rotation. Finally, we investigated associations between these factors and 34 clinical covariates. Our results suggest that liver function, followed by kidney function and insulin resistance show the strongest associations with the plasma metabolite profile. The association of specific phenotypes with several components may suggest multiple independent metabolic mechanisms, which is further supported by the composition of the associated factors. © 2018 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland.
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| 69. |
- Al Nima, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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The ABC of happiness: Validation of the tridimensional model of subjective well-being (affect, cognition, and behavior) using Bifactor Polytomous Multidimensional Item Response Theory
- 2024
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : CELL PRESS. - 2405-8440. ; 10:2
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Happiness is often conceptualized as subjective well-being, which comprises people's evaluations of emotional experiences (i.e., the affective dimension: positive and negative feelings and emotions) and judgements of a self-imposed ideal (i.e., the cognitive dimension: life satisfaction). Recent research has established these two dimensions as primary parts of a higher order factor. However, theoretical, conceptual, and empirical work suggest that people's evaluations of harmony in their life (i.e., the sense of balance and capacity to behave and adapt with both acceptance and flexibility to inter- and intrapersonal circumstances) constitutes a third dimension (i.e., the behavioral dimension). This tridemensional conceptualization of subjective well-being has recently been verified using Unidimensional Item Response Theory (UIRT) and Classical Test Theory (CTT). Here, we use a recently developed and more robust approach that combines these two methods (i.e., Multidimensional Item Response Theory, MIRT) to simultaneously address the complex interactions and multidimensionality behind how people feel, think, and behave in relation to happiness in their life. Method: A total of 435 participants (197 males and 238 females) with an age mean of 44.84 (sd = 13.36) responded to the Positive Affect Negative Affect Schedule (10 positive affect items, 10 negative affect items), the Satisfaction with Life Scale (five items), and the Harmony in life Scale (five items). We used Bifactor-Graded Response MIRT for the main analyses. Result: At the general level, each of the 30 items had a strong capacity to discriminate between respondents across all three dimensions of subjective well-being. The investigation of different parameters (e.g., marginal slopes, ECV, IECV) strongly reflected the multidimensionality of subjective well-being at the item, the scale, and the model level. Indeed, subjective well-being could explain 64 % of the common variance in the whole model. Moreover, most of the items measuring positive affect (8/10) and life satisfaction (4/5) and all the items measuring harmony in life (5/5) accounted for a larger amount of variance of subjective well-being compared to that of their respective individual dimensions. The negative affect items, however, measured its own individual concept to a lager extent rather than subjective well-being. Thus, suggesting that the experience of negative affect is a more independent dimension within the whole subjective well-being model. We also found that specific items (e.g., “Alert”, “Distressed”, “Irritable”, “I am satisfied with my life”) were the recurrent exceptions in our results. Last but not the least, experiencing high levels in one dimension seems to compensate for low levels in the others and vice versa. Conclusion: As expected, the three subjective well-being dimensions do not work separately. Interestingly, the order and magnitude of the effect by each dimension on subjective well-being mirror how people define happiness in their life: first as harmony, second as satisfaction, third as positive emotions, and fourth, albeit to a much lesser degree, as negative emotions. Ergo, we argue that subjective well-being functions as a complex biopsychosocial adaptive system mirroring our attitude towards life in these three dimensions (A: affective dimension; B: behavioral dimension; C: cognitive dimension). Ergo, researchers and practitioners need to take in to account all three to fully understand, measure, and promote people's experience of the happy life. Moreover, our results also suggest that negative affect, especially regarding high activation unpleasant emotions, need considerable changes and further analyses if it is going to be included as a construct within the affective dimension of a general subjective well-being factor.
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| 70. |
- Alabaf, Setareh, et al.
(författare)
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Physical health in children with neurodevelopmental disorders
- 2019
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Ingår i: Journal of autism and developmental disorders. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0162-3257 .- 1573-3432. ; 49:1, s. 83-95
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- With increasing numbers of children being diagnosed with neurodevelopmental disorders (NDDs) attention has been drawn to these children's physical health. We aimed to identify the prevalence of defined physical problems (epilepsy, migraine, asthma, cancer, diabetes, psoriasis, lactose intolerance, celiac disease, diarrhea, constipation, daytime enuresis, encopresis) in a nationwide population of 9- and 12-year-old twins subdivided into those with and without indications of NDDs. Parents of 28,058 twins participated in a well-validated telephone interview regarding their children's mental health and answered questions about their physical problems. The results indicate a high rate of physical problems in children with NDDs, particularly in those with indications of the presence of combinations of several NDDs.
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