| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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Guidelines are too important to be left to clinical experts
- 2012
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Ingår i: CMJA. Canadian Medical Association Journal. Onlineutg. Med tittel. - : Canadian Medical Association. - 0820-3946 .- 1488-2329. ; 184:2, s. 159-160
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 23. |
- Johansson, Mattias, et al.
(författare)
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One-carbon metabolism and prostate cancer risk : prospective investigation of seven circulating B vitamins and metabolites
- 2009
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 18:5, s. 1538-1543
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: Components of one-carbon metabolism are believed to influence cancer development with suggested mechanisms, including DNA methylation and DNA repair mechanisms. However, few prospective studies have investigated one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk, and the results have been conflicting. The aim of this study was to do a comprehensive investigation of the components of one-carbon metabolism in relation to prostate cancer risk. A panel of seven circulating B vitamins and related metabolites was selected, most of which have not been studied before. MATERIALS AND METHODS: We analyzed plasma concentrations of betaine, choline, cysteine, methionine, methylmalonic acid (MMA), vitamin B2, and vitamin B6 in 561 cases and 1,034 controls matched for age and recruitment date, nested within the population-based Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Relative risks of prostate cancer were estimated by conditional logistic regression. RESULTS: Positive associations with prostate cancer risk were observed for choline and vitamin B2, and an inverse association was observed for MMA. The relative risks for a doubling in concentrations were 1.46 [95% confidence interval (95% CI), 1.04-2.05; P(trend) = 0.03] for choline, 1.11 (95% CI, 1.00-1.23; P(trend) = 0.04) for vitamin B2, and 0.78 (95% CI, 0.63-0.97; P(trend) = 0.03) for MMA. Concentrations of betaine, cysteine, methionine, and vitamin B6 were not associated with prostate cancer risk. CONCLUSION: The results of this large prospective study suggest that elevated plasma concentrations of choline and vitamin B2 may be associated with an increased risk of prostate cancer. These novel findings support a role of one-carbon metabolism in prostate cancer etiology and warrant further investigation. (Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2009;18(5):1538-43).
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
- Johansson, Mattias, 1977-
(författare)
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Prostate cancer aetiology : epidemiological studies of the IGF- and one-carbon metabolism pathways
- 2008
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to investigate the involvement of the insulin-like growth factor- and the one-carbon metabolism pathways in prostate cancer aetiology, studying both circulating biomarkers and genetic variation. Papers included in the thesis were conducted within the case-control study CAncer Prostate in Sweden (CAPS), and the two prospective studies European Prospective Investigation into nutrition and Cancer (EPIC), and Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort (NSHDC).In paper I, we investigated the relation between genetic variants of the IGF1 gene and prostate cancer risk within the CAPS study. We found that a common haplotype within the 3’ region of the IGF1 gene is associated with increased prostate cancer risk.In paper II, we investigated if the variants of the IGF1 gene that were associated with prostate cancer risk in paper I, are also associated with circulating levels of IGF1. Circulating levels of IGF1 were analysed in controls from the CAPS study and three haplotype tagging SNPs (htSNPs) were genotyped in subjects from the NSHDC study in which circulating IGF1 had previously been analysed. The genetic variants previously associated with increased prostate cancer risk were now also found to be associated with elevated levels of circulating IGF1. We concluded that variation in the 3’ region of the IGF1 gene affects prostate cancer risk by influencing circulating levels of IGF1.In paper III, we investigated if variants of the IGFBP1, IGFBP3 and IGFALS genes are associated with i) prostate cancer risk, ii) circulating concentrations of total and intact IGFBP3, and iii) prostate cancer-specific survival probability. In addition, we investigated if circulating concentrations of total and intact IGFBP3 are associated with prostate cancer-specific survival probability. No association between genetic variation and overall prostate cancer risk or survival was observed, but we found a strong association between elevated levels of intact IGFBP3 and increased risk of prostate cancer-specific death. We could, however, not exclude that this association was confounded by treatment or by the tumour.In paper IV, we investigated if circulating levels of folate and vitamin B12 are associated with prostate cancer risk within the EPIC study. We observed no associations between levels of folate, vitamin B12 and overall prostate cancer risk, but elevated levels of vitamin B12 were associated with increased risk of advanced stage disease.In paper V, we investigated if circulating levels of ten B-vitamins and related metabolites within the one-carbon metabolism pathway are associated with prostate cancer risk within the NSHDC study. Overall positive associations with prostate cancer risk were observed for levels of choline, vitamin B2 and vitamin B12, and inverse associations were observed for levels of homocysteine and MMA. We also observed a biologically plausible risk modification by smoking status on the association between vitamin B12 and risk; in non-smokers vitamin B12 was positively associated with risk, whereas the association between vitamin B12 and risk was inverse or null in ever/current-smokers.In summary, our results suggest that genetic variation of the IGF1 gene affects prostate cancer risk by affecting circulating levels of IGF1. The association between circulating concentrations of intact IGFBP3 and prostate cancer-specific survival is intriguing, but further studies are needed to conclude if this association is caused by confounding. We also observed associations between several factors of one-carbon metabolism and risk, but these associations were statistically week and require confirmation in other prospective studies.
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| 26. |
- Price, Alison J., et al.
(författare)
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Insulin-like Growth Factor-I Concentration and Risk of Prostate Cancer : Results from the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers and Prevention. - 1055-9965 .- 1538-7755. ; 21:9, s. 1531-1541
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: High circulating insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) concentrations have been associated with increased risk for prostate cancer in several prospective epidemiological studies. In this study, we investigate the association between circulating IGF-I concentration and risk of prostate cancer over the long term in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) study. Methods: In a nested case-control design, 1,542 incident prostate cancer cases from eight European countries were individually matched to 1,542 controls by study center, age at recruitment, duration of follow-up, time of day, and duration of fasting at blood collection. Conditional logistic regression models were used to calculate risk for prostate cancer associated with IGF-I concentration, overall and by various subgroups. Results: Circulating IGF-I concentration was associated with a significant increased risk for prostate cancer [OR for highest vs. lowest quartile, 1.69; 95% confidence interval (CI), 1.35-2.13; P-trend = 0.0002]. This positive association did not differ according to duration of follow-up [ORs for highest vs. lowest quartile were 2.01 (1.35-2.99), 1.37 (0.94-2.00), and 1.80 (1.17-2.77) for cancers diagnosed <4, 4-7, and >7 years after blood collection, respectively (P-heterogeneity = 0.77)] or by stage, grade, and age at diagnosis or age at blood collection (all subgroups P-heterogeneity >0.05). Conclusion: In this European population, high circulating IGF-I concentration is positively associated with risk for prostate cancer over the short and long term. Impact: As IGF-I is the only potentially modifiable risk factor so far identified, research into the effects of reducing circulating IGF-I levels on subsequent prostate cancer risk is warranted.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Stocks, Tanja, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Components of the metabolic syndrome and colorectal cancer risk : a prospective study
- 2008
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Ingår i: International Journal of Obesity. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0307-0565 .- 1476-5497. ; 32:2, s. 304-314
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To examine the relation of well-known factors of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) as well as related circulating factors, with risk of colorectal cancer. Methods: We performed a case control study of 306 colorectal cancer cases and 595 matched controls nested in the Northern Sweden Health and Disease Cohort. Levels of C-peptide, glycated haemoglobin (HbA1c), leptin and adiponectin were measured in cryopreserved samples. Body mass index (BMI), systolic and diastolic blood pressure and fasting and post-load plasma glucose, had been measured in a subcohort. Conditional logistic regression was used to calculate odds ratios (OR) of disease, including risk assessments for the MetS factors: obesity (BMI>30 kg m-2), hypertension (blood pressure 140/90 mmHg or use of anti-hypertensive drugs) and hyperglycaemia (fasting glucose 6.1 mmol l-1 or post-load glucose in capillary plasma 8.9 mmol l-1). Results: None of the studied variables were significantly associated with risk across quartiles. Presence of obesity, hypertension and hyperglycaemia significantly increased the risk of colorectal cancer; OR for three vs null factors was 2.57 (95% Confidence Interval [CI] 1.20–5.52; P trend=0.0021), as compared to a 30 to 70% increased risk for the factors in single. Similarly, top decile levels of C-peptide, HbA1c and leptin/adiponectin ratio were associated with an increased risk; ORs for top vs deciles 1–9 were 1.56 (95% CI 0.93–2.62; P=0.090), 1.83 (95% CI 1.00–3.36; P=0.051) and 1.50 (95% CI 0.83–2.71; P=0.18), respectively. Conclusions: Our study support the view that components of the MetS increase risk of colorectal cancer, and further suggests that only very high levels of metabolic factors confer an increased risk.
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| 29. |
- Travis, Ruth C., et al.
(författare)
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Genetic variation in the lactase gene, dairy product intake and risk for prostate cancer in the European prospective investigation into cancer and nutrition
- 2013
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Ingår i: International Journal of Cancer. - : Wiley. - 0020-7136 .- 1097-0215. ; 132:8, s. 1901-1910
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High dairy protein intake has been found to be associated with increased prostate cancer risk in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC). To further examine this possible relationship, we investigated the hypothesis that a genetic polymorphism in the lactase (LCT) gene might be associated with elevated dairy product intake and increased prostate cancer risk in a casecontrol study nested in EPIC. The C/T-13910 lactase variant (rs4988235) was genotyped in 630 men with prostate cancer and 873 matched control participants. Dairy product consumption was assessed by diet questionnaire. Odds ratios (ORs) for prostate cancer in relation to lactase genotype were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Lactase genotype frequency varied significantly between countries, with frequencies of the T (lactase persistence) allele ranging from 7% in Greece to 79% in Denmark. Intake of milk and total dairy products varied significantly by lactase genotype after adjustment for recruitment center; adjusted mean intakes of milk were 44.4, 69.8 and 82.3 g/day among men with CC, CT and TT genotypes, respectively. The lactase variant was not significantly associated with prostate cancer risk, both in our data (adjusted OR for TT vs. CC homozygotes: 1.10, 95% CI: 0.761.59) and in a meta-analysis of all the published data (combined OR for T allele carriers vs. CC homozygotes: 1.12, 0.961.32). These findings show that while variation in the lactase gene is associated with milk intake in men, the lactase polymorphism does not have a large effect on prostate cancer risk.
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| 30. |
- Travis, Ruth C., et al.
(författare)
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Prediagnostic concentrations of plasma genistein and prostate cancer risk in 1,605 men with prostate cancer and 1,697 matched control participants in EPIC
- 2012
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Ingår i: Cancer Causes and Control. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0957-5243 .- 1573-7225. ; 23:7, s. 1163-1171
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Data from prospective epidemiological studies in Asian populations and from experimental studies in animals and cell lines suggest a possible protective association between dietary isoflavones and the development of prostate cancer. We examined the association between circulating concentrations of genistein and prostate cancer risk in a case-control study nested in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition. Concentrations of the isoflavone genistein were measured in prediagnostic plasma samples for 1,605 prostate cancer cases and 1,697 matched control participants. Relative risks (RRs) for prostate cancer in relation to plasma concentrations of genistein were estimated by conditional logistic regression. Plasma genistein concentrations were not associated with prostate cancer risk; the multivariate relative risk for men in the highest fifth of genistein compared with men in the lowest fifth was 1.00 (95 % confidence interval: 0.79, 1.27; p linear trend = 0.82). There was no evidence of heterogeneity in this association by age at blood collection, country of recruitment, or cancer stage or histological grade. Plasma genistein concentration was not associated with prostate cancer risk in this large cohort of European men.
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