| 1. |
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| 2. |
- Engleryd, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Air pollution and Climate Change
- 2029
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In order to evaluate the role of air pollution and air pollution control for climate policies, SwedishEnvironmental Protection Agency invited leading experts and scientists, senior administrators andnegotiators, international organisations and industry to an international workshop in Gothenburg, Sweden,19-21 October 2009.
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| 3. |
- Gambarato, Renira R.
(author)
-
Introduction - Audience modes : A granular approach
- 2025
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In: The Routledge Companion to Media Audiences. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781032214665 - 9781032214696 - 9781003268543 ; , s. 205-209
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 4. |
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| 5. |
- Hill, Annette, et al.
(author)
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Introduction to Companion to Media Audiences
- 2025
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In: The Routledge Companion to Media Audiences. - Abingdon : Routledge. - 9781032214665 - 9781032214696 - 9781003268543
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 6. |
- Lundstedt, Lydia
(author)
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Exhaustion
- 2025
-
In: Elgar Encyclopedia of Intellectual Property Law. - Cheltenham : Edward Elgar Publishing. - 9781800886926 - 9781800886933
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This entry describes the theoretical and historical underpinnings of the principle of exhaustion in intellectual property law as well as its internationel legal framework.
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| 7. |
- Mikhaylova, Tatiana, 1981-, et al.
(author)
-
“Who Killed Swedish Teacher Education?” : Historicizing current debates on teaching and teaching methods in Sweden
- 2025
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In: Teacher Education and Its Discontents. - : Taylor & Francis. ; , s. 26-45
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This chapter examines the historical context and evolution of teaching methods in Swedish teacher education. In doing so, it historicizes the ongoing debates about the quality of teacher education in Sweden and the perceived lack of instruction in teaching methods. Drawing on analysis of guidelines, government reports, recommendations, and curricula spanning from 1842 to the early 21st century, the chapter highlights changes in political reasoning about teaching, learning, and the organization of teacher education. The analysis reveals that teaching has been conceptualized in various ways throughout history. Early approaches viewed teaching as a technique for organizing and monitoring student progress. Later, teaching came to be seen as an art requiring not only good knowledge of the subject matter but also creativity and talent. With the subsequent "scientifi?ation" of teacher training and its gradual incorporation into higher education in the late 1960s, the course on teaching methodology came to be perceived as normative, emphasizing reproducible skills and best practices. As a result, by the end of the 20th century, it was replaced by the course in Didaktik, which, instead of providing teacher students with ready-made methods, focuses on critical evaluation of teaching based on relevant research. This does not mean that the question of teaching methods has disappeared from Swedish teacher education programs. However, in the highly differentiated educational system, it is handled differently by different institutions.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
-
3D digital modelling in visual arts education
- 2024
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Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The following 3D Digital Modelling in Visual Arts Education forms part of the Tilde seriesand is based on collaboration in a project involving Aalborg University and College University Copenhagen (Denmark), the University of Gothenburg and Umeå University (Sweden).The project’s aim was to explore the learning potential held by 3D sculpting for art teachersby identifying new image-making processes in modelling and sculpting. Another aim wasto integrate the project’s outcome in didactics and teaching activities for teacher educatorsin visual arts connected to the subject area.The project was fnanced by EDDA Norden during 2021 and several seminars werearranged to present research in the subject area visual arts, 3D modelling, and use of technology. The results may be of particular interest to a wider audience in the research felds ofvisual arts education, multimodal learning designs, and teacher education. The publicationis based on presentations made at Aalborg University in Copenhagen during the autumn of2021 and at a symposium called 3D-sculpting: A Nordic Higher Education CollaborationProject at the NERA conference held in Oslo in the spring of 2023.
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| 10. |
-
A World Order in Transformation? : A Comparative Study of Consequences of the War and Reactions to These Changes in the Region
- 2024
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Russia's full-scale invasion and war of aggression against Ukraine has, in addition to all the destruction, grief and terror for the people concerned, unravelled the profound instability in what has conventionally been understood as the world order.The annual publication CBEES State of the Region report focuses on Central and Eastern Europe, the former Soviet Union, the Balkans, and the Baltic Sea region, where we find countries that are closest to the war. This year, we have engaged over 30 scholars to analyze how the countries in this region have been affected by the war to form a tentative understanding of the unfolding consequences of the war for the region. Understandably, the consequences of the war tie into historical and contemporary conditions that also preceded the war.The report presents a contemporary overview of the diversity of challenges the region and its countries face today, both on a macro level and on a grassroots level and gives a preliminary analysis of the implications for the region's future.
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| 11. |
- Aagaard, Marianne, 1985-
(author)
-
Tredjemans svikliga förledande - Kan en godkänd betalningstransaktion vara obehörig?
- 2024
-
In: Svensk Juristtidning. - 0039-6591. ; :4, s. 323-342
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Att ett stort antal bankkunder blir av med sina pengar genom bedrägerier är ett samhällsproblem. Specialregleringen i betaltjänstlagen erbjuder i vissa fall ett skydd för kunden, men bara när transaktionen som genomförts är obehörig. Gränsdragningen mellan behöriga och obehöriga transaktioner har därför mycket stor praktisk betydelse för den enskildes möjlighet att få sitt konto återställt efter ett bedrägeri. Men hur förhåller sig den betaltjänsträttsliga specialregleringen till våra sedan länge gällande avtalsrättsliga ogiltighetsregler, och kan en i och för sig godkänd transaktion ändå bedömas vara obehörig, därför att kunden har blivit svikligen förledd att godkänna transaktionen?
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Aarsand, Pål, et al.
(author)
-
Documenting young people's production of visual culture: heritage as lines and movements
- 2024
-
In: 7 th Biennale Association of Critical Heritage Studies Conference, 2024.
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Young people are seen as both consumers and producers of culture. This can be seen in cultural heritage intuitions and how young people's cultural production is categorised, preserved and exhibited. Children’s perspectives are important in understanding what it means to be a young person at a particular moment in history, thereby to make children’s narratives and voices accessible to future generations is of most importance. The present paper scrutinizes young people’s picture practices and archive material on young people’s pictures to see what is captured. The data are part of a larger research project: Children’s cultural heritage – the visual voices of the archive and consists of ten semi-structured in-depth interviews with youngsters 11 to 20 years. Drawing on Ingolds (2007) concepts lines and meshwork, the paper discusses how young people’s pictures are created, recreated, and used in various settings. When youngsters pictures are made part of archives, this usually means that a single picture of a motif is included. The present paper argues that if the aim of the archive is to say something about what it means to be young at a particular time, then archiving pictures as single visual expressions does tell us little about how it is to be young and how young people’s picture practices looks like. Furthermore, the idea of lines may help archives to display and document children as actors, not in the sense of creating single pictures, but as individuals on the move in and across different settings with various purposes.
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| 14. |
- Abadikhah, Marie, 1992
(author)
-
Microbial communities in biological electrochemical systems
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Biological electrochemical systems (BES) can be used as biosensors and for recovery of resources from waste streams. BES utilizes microbial communities that grow on the surface of electrodes in the form of biofilms. Electrogenic bacteria residing in the anode biofilm initiate oxidation reactions, resulting in the release of electrons and subsequent electrical current generation. The electrons flow to the cathode where reduction reactions take place. Microbial biofilms may also be involved in the catalysis of cathode reactions. Many factors are involved in shaping the composition and performance of the microbial communities in BES, most of which remain poorly understood. In this thesis, the impact of electrode material and biotic interactions on performance and microbial community assembly was investigated in microbial electrolysis cells (MECs) oxidizing volatile fatty acids at the anode. MECs are a type of BES that require an applied electric potential to generate products such as H2, CH4, and acetate at the cathode. MECs with mixed-culture biofilms on both the anode and the cathode were studied. Two experiments were conducted. The first was a comparison of MECs with three different cathode materials: carbon nanoparticles, titanium, and steel. The second was a comparison of MECs with three different anode materials: carbon cloth, graphene, and nickel. Furthermore, the effect of dispersal limitation as well as the presence of viruses and their associations with microorganisms was investigated. MECs with carbon cloth anodes had the highest current density and shortest lag time during startup. In contrast, no significant impact of cathode material on MEC performance was seen. The anode communities were dominated by electrogens from the Desulfobacterota phylum, while the cathodes were dominated by methanogens from the Methanobacteriaceae family. Stochastic initial attachment by competing electrogens on the anode explained variations in the startup time between replicate MECs. In each experiment at least two different Desulfobacterota species competed for dominance on the anode. MECs that enabled dispersal between the system tended to have the same dominating taxa. Biotic interactions also affected the microbial communities in the system. Network analysis showed that the anode communities had a greater number of negative interactions between taxa compared to the cathode. Due to the need for direct contact by electrogens to transfer electrons to the anode, there is a higher competitive element to the colonization of the anode biofilm. Viral infection is another type of biotic interaction. Analysis of the prokaryotic and viral communities resulted in the identification of CRISPR-based and prophage virus-host associations, indicating previous infections and prophage inductions of electrochemically active microorganisms. These findings suggest that while there is selective pressure for electrogenic bacteria on the anode, stochastic factors, and biotic interactions play a larger role compared to electrode material in shaping the anode community.
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| 15. |
- Abdallah, N., et al.
(author)
-
Hilbert Functions and Jordan Type of Perazzo Artinian Algebras
- 2024
-
In: Springer INdAM Series. - : Springer-Verlag Italia s.r.l.. ; , s. 59-80
-
Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We study Hilbert functions, Lefschetz properties, and Jordan type of Artinian Gorenstein algebras associated to Perazzo hypersurfaces in projective space. The main focus lies on Perazzo threefolds, for which we prove that the Hilbert functions are always unimodal. Further we prove that the Hilbert function determines whether the algebra is weak Lefschetz, and we characterize those Hilbert functions for which the weak Lefschetz property holds. By example, we verify that the Hilbert functions of Perazzo fourfolds are not always unimodal. In the particular case of Perazzo threefolds with the smallest possible Hilbert function, we give a description of the possible Jordan types for multiplication by any linear form.
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| 16. |
- Abdelgadir, Mohanad
(author)
-
Aquatic ecosystem function and environmental change across spatial scales
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Microbial communities comprise immense diversity, mediating numerous ecosystem functions such as nitrogen transformation in aquatic ecosystems. Yet, how microbial communities and ecosystem functions respond to changes in environmental conditions at different spatial scales in aquatic habitats is not fully understood. This thesis investigates the effect of changes in environmental conditions at different spatial scales on Baltic Sea microbial diversity and nitrogen transformation, specifically denitrification, with a focus on biodiversity-ecosystem function relationship. Two spatial scale settings were examined. A small spatial scale setting was examined with experimental mesocosms of benthic sediment of different salinity and dissolved oxygen levels and at different spatial arrangements, and an incubation experiment conducted with benthic sediments from two different aquatic habitats enriched with 15N nitrate isotope. Microbial diversity, denitrification gene transcript abundances, and potential denitrification rate were analyzed. At a large spatial scale of the Baltic Sea benthic and coastal seascape, a metadata-based modeling approach was employed to investigate how current environmental conditions and future climatic change scenarios affect the predicted spatial distribution of key taxa of denitrifiers and nitrogen-fixing filamentous cyanobacteria. Results showed that salinity and dissolved oxygen levels significantly influenced denitrification capacity, according to analyses of transcript abundances of nirS and nosZ genes, which was mainly driven by habitat environmental conditions rather than habitat spatial arrangement. Bacterial community composition in experimental mesocosms was significantly affected by salinity. Findings from the small scale mesocosms experiments indicate that salinity can be an important driver of microbial denitrification capacity and affect microbial diversity in studied mesocosms. At large coastal and seascape scales, multi-realm environmental variables from both marine and terrestrial domains had significant impacts on the predicted distribution of the studied microbial taxa. The predicted distribution under different global warming trajectories indicated that rising temperatures in year2050 and 2100 risk reducing the current bio-climatically suitable areas of the studied denitrifiers and filamentous cyanobacteria across the Baltic Sea. The studies with experimental mesocosms and modeling approaches presented in this thesis contribute knowledge and novel predictions on the spatial response of ecosystem function and microbial communities to ongoing and future environmental changes in the Baltic Sea.
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| 17. |
- Abdelhady, Dalia, et al.
(author)
-
Gaza and the Right to Have Rights
- 2024
-
In: Nordic Journal of Migration Research. - : Helsinki University Press. - 1799-649X. ; 14:1
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 18. |
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| 19. |
- Abdi, Somayeh, et al.
(author)
-
Task Offloading in Edge-cloud Computing using a Q-Learning Algorithm
- 2024
-
In: International Conference on Cloud Computing and Services Science, CLOSER - Proceedings. - : Science and Technology Publications, Lda. - 9789897587016 ; , s. 159-166
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Task offloading is a prominent problem in edge−cloud computing, as it aims to utilize the limited capacityof fog servers and cloud resources to satisfy the QoS requirements of tasks, such as meeting their deadlines.This paper formulates the task offloading problem as a nonlinear mathematical programming model to maximizethe number of independent IoT tasks that meet their deadlines and to minimize the deadline violationtime of tasks that cannot meet their deadlines. This paper proposes two Q-learning algorithms to solve theformulated problem. The performance of the proposed algorithms is experimentally evaluated with respect toseveral algorithms. The evaluation results demonstrate that the proposed Q-learning algorithms perform wellin meeting task deadlines and reducing the total deadline violation time.
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| 20. |
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| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Abid, Nosheen, 1993-
(author)
-
Unsupervised Curriculum Learning Case Study: Earth Observation UCL4EO
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Earth Observation (EO) data, collected via satellites and remote sensing technologies, is crucial for understanding, managing, and conserving the Earth. It enables humankind to monitor environmental changes, such as natural disasters, urban growth, and climate shifts, assisting informed decisions and proactive measures. Early Remote Sensing (RS) heavily relied on statistical methods and expert domain knowledge, but the advent of machine learning has revolutionized EO data processing, enhancing efficiency and accuracy. Conventional machine learning (ML) models require expensive and labor-intensive data labeling. In contrast, unsupervised ML techniques can learn features from data without the need for manual labeling, making the process more efficient and cost-effective.This thesis presents an innovative Unsupervised Curriculum Learning (UCL) approach utilizing advanced deep learning (DL) models to classify EO data, referred to as UCL4EO. This approach eliminates the need for manual data labeling in training the DL model. The UCL framework comprises i) a DL model, typically a Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) tailored for feature extraction from image data, ii) a clustering technique to cluster deep features, and iii) a selection operation to select representative samples from these clusters. The CNN extracts meaningful features from images, subjected to a clustering algorithm to create pseudo-labels. After identifying the initial clusters, representative samples from each cluster are chosen using the UCL selection operation to fine-tune the feature extractor. The stated process is repeated iteratively until convergence. The proposed UCL approach progressively learns and incorporates salient data features in an unsupervised manner by utilizing pseudo-labels.UCL serves as a proof of concept in a simpler setting of detection tasks on RS and aerial imagery. Specifically, the UCL framework is employed to identify water bodies using three RGB datasets, encompassing both low and high-resolution RS and aerial imagery. While UCL has been extensively examined with RGB imagery, it has been adapted to benefit from the enhanced capabilities of multi-spectral satellite imagery. This adaptation enables UCL to generalize to multi-spectral imagery from Sentinel-2 to detect forest fires in Australia. UCL undergoes subsequent improvements and is further investigated to identify utility poles in high-resolution UAV images. These gray-scale images of utility poles pose computer vision challenges, including issues like occlusion and cropping, where a significant portion of the image contains the background and only a slight appearance of the utility pole. Extensive experimentation on the mentioned tasks effectively showcases UCL's adaptive learning capabilities, producing promising results. The achieved accuracy surpassed those of supervised methods in cross-domain adaptation on similar tasks, underscoring the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.In these investigations, two datasets are generated using Sentinel-2: one for water bodies - PakSAT and the other for Australian forest fire. Cloud cover significantly hinders the acquisition of satellite imagery depicting the Earth's surface. In preparing these datasets, this work employs available cloud masking solutions to avoid the images with cloud cover. Later, this thesis examines cloud detection and Cloud Optical Thickness (COT) estimation from Sentinel-2 imagery. We employed advanced machine-learning techniques, achieving state-of-the-art performance for cloud cover tasks.The scope of UCL has been extended to encompass multi-class classification tasks in the domain of RS data, referred to as Multi-class UCL. Multi-class UCL progressively acquires knowledge about various categories on multi-scale resolution. To investigate Multi-class UCL, we have used three publicly available datasets of Sentinel-2 and aerial imagery: EuroSAT, SAT-6, and RSSCN7. The evaluation of Multi-class UCL’s performance incorporates the concept of a confusion matrix to compare the predicted labels with the actual labels. Comprehensive experiments conducted on the specified datasets revealed better cross-domain adaptation capabilities compared to supervised methods, thereby demonstrating the effectiveness of Multi-class UCL.In addition to the application in RS data, UCL has been investigated in other domains of EO, such as undersea imagery. Furthermore, UCL has also been used for tasks like natural scene classification, medical imaging, and document analysis, demonstrating its versatility and broad applicability. Further exploration of UCL could involve improving the process of generating pseudo-labels through deep learning techniques.
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| 23. |
- Abikari, Masoome
(author)
-
Young consumers’ emotions towards emerging e-banking technology : A multi-perspective approach
- 2024
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Banks appear to be interested in enhancing their effectiveness and efficiency by developing e-banking technology, i.e., the provision of banking products and services through electronic channels. However, the successful implementation of e-banking technology depends on how consumers perceive such technology and how they are probably provoked to adopt it. Considering emerging e-banking technologies, knowledge of the salient influential factors affecting consumer adoption is crucial for banks. Studies have analysed these factors from different perspectives, such as attribute- and barrier-based perspectives. Attribute-based factors pertain to the perceived or expected characteristics of e-banking technology, whereas barrier-based factors refer to factors that can hinder or delay the adoption of e-banking technology. Despite the absence of consensus on these factors, there is a predominant focus on the functional aspects of this technology, often neglecting the emotional experience of consumers. Consumers’ emotions in the e-banking context mainly refer to hedonic motivation, defined as positive emotions such as fun, pleasure, and enjoyment arising from the usage of e-banking technology. While examining hedonic motivation has provided valuable insights into the adoption of such technology, further studies are required to examine the relationship among consumers’ emotions, particularly negative ones arising from different kinds of appraisals. Accordingly, this thesis aims to examine the influence of consumers’ emotions towards emerging e-banking technology on their intention to adopt such technology, with a specific emphasis on negative emotions from attribute and barrier-based perspectives. Applying Structural equation modelling (SEM), the empirical results draw attention to the influential role of different types of negative emotions in the adoption of emerging e-banking technology. From the attribute-based perspective, the empirical results demonstrate an association between loss emotions and consumers’ behavioural intention to adopt emerging e-banking technology, through effort expectancy and performance expectancy. From a barrier-based perspective, the results indicate that deterrence emotions can be positively associated with consumers’ perceived risk. This, in turn, influences their behavioural intention to adopt emerging e-banking technology. The results also reveal the influence of deterrence emotions on consumers’ perceived risk, even in the presence of positive emotions. These results suggest the importance of considering various categories of negative emotions when examining consumers’ intention to adopt emerging e-banking technology.
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| 24. |
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
- Abraha Derbew, Atakelti, 1976-
(author)
-
Bridging gaps in under-five child health : a comprehensive assessment of their social determinants and the health system performance in Tigray, Ethiopia
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Background: Achieving the Sustainable Development targets related to child health necessitates a deep understanding of the multifaceted factors influencing their health.Aim: To comprehensively examine the social determinants of the access to, and quality of, child health services, and the performance of the health system in the region of Tigray.Methods: The study was conducted in six randomly selected rural districts of Tigray. The study employed focus group discussions and interviews (sub-study I), a retrospective case-control study (sub-study-II), a capture recapture method (sub-study III), and a two-stage mortality survey (sub-study IV).Results: Sub-study I: underscored a good knowledge on the causes and management of common childhood morbidity, and that the health posts were conveniently located and provided trusted services. However, several barriers to using health services were identified. These included cultural beliefs, seasonal mobility, economic constraints, limited decision-making power for women, and accessibility challenges.Sub-study II: Revealed that only 76% of eligible children born to HIV-positive mothers were tested, with 17% testing positive for HIV, and only 29% of them linked to anti-retroviral treatment.Sub-study III showed that the concordance correlation coefficient between the Family Folder data and the household survey for the total population, reproductive age women, and under-five year child population were all above 0.73, while they were close to zero for other child health parameters. Tracing and recording neonatal deaths, and the aggregation of data at various levels were the major operational challanges.Sub-study IV identified infectious diseases (52.9%), neonatal causes (35.6%), nutritional disorders (6.6%) and external causes (4.3%) as the major causes of child death. The cause for 76 (16.2%) children was indeterminate. Tracing neonatal deaths and logistical challenges, especially in remote areas were the major operational issues of conducting the mortality survey.Conclusion: In spite of the improvements in health literacy, access to cost-free reproductive, maternal, neonatal and child health services and improved utilization, various interrelated social determinants, including cultural beliefs, financial barriers and health system-related factors continue to hinder the optimal utilization of essential child health services. Moreover, the health system’s performance in the prevention of mother-to-child transmission of HIV and its effect in reducing mortality among exposed children is generally poor. Policymakers in the region should focus on tackling those social determinants, including the health system, to improve children´s health. The community health information system showed promising potential. However, the operational issue of capturing neonatal deaths adequately and the process by which community data can be aggregated upwards through the health system has to be improved. The study underscored the viability of implementing a cause-specific mortality survey using health extension workers, and the need to standardize data collection tools and logistics before implementation on a larger scale.
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Abrahamsson, Olle, 1988-
(author)
-
On Aggregation and Dynamics of Opinions in Complex Networks
- 2024
-
Licentiate thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This thesis studies two problems defined on complex networks, of which the first explores a conceivable extension of structural balance theory and the other concerns convergence issues in opinion dynamics. In the first half of the thesis we discuss possible definitions of structural balance conditions in a network with preference orderings as node attributes. The main result is that for the case with three alternatives (A, B, C) we reduce the (3!)3 = 216 possible configurations of triangles to 10 equivalence classes, and use these as measures of balance of a triangle towards possible extensions of structural balance theory. Moreover, we derive a general formula for the number of equivalent classes for preferences on n alternatives. Finally, we analyze a real-world data set and compare its empirical distribution of triangle equivalence classes to a null hypothesis in which preferences are randomly assigned to the nodes. The second half of the thesis concerns an opinion dynamics model in which each agent takes a random Bernoulli distributed action whose probability is updated at each discrete time step, and we prove that this model converges almost surely to consensus. We also provide a detailed critique of a claimed proof of this result in the literature. We generalize the result by proving that the assumption of irreducibility in the original model is not necessary. Furthermore, we prove as a corollary of the generalized result that the almost sure convergence to consensus holds also in the presence of a fully stubborn agent which never changes its opinion. In addition, we show that the model, in both the original and generalized cases, converges to consensus also in rth moment.
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| 29. |
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| 30. |
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| 31. |
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| 32. |
- Abu Hatab, Assem, et al.
(author)
-
The debt trap dilemma of African governments : balancing debt services, food security and development – while avoiding civil unrest
- 2024
-
Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Nearly half of Africa’s economies are on the brink of debt distress. Unlike previous debt crises, the current one is characterised by a shift from multilateral to commercial and bilateral creditors, notably China, and the proliferation of Eurobonds. Pressured by heavy debt burdens, there is a risk that African governments divert funds from essential sectors such as education, health care and agriculture, causing a vicious cycle of stalled development, food insecurity and an elevated risk of socio-political instability.
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| 33. |
- Abujrais, Sandy
(author)
-
Exploring the role of tryptophan metabolites in myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) : Development and application of high resolution mass spectrometry methods
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Myalgic encephalitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) is a severe systemic disorder characterized by neurological, gastrointestinal, inflammatory symptoms and fatigue. Disregulation in tryptophan (TRP) metabolism and excessive kynurenine pathway activation may cause these symptoms. Thus, this thesis investigates TRP in ME/CFS. TRP, a key amino acid, regulates nervous system, immune system, endocrine system, and energy metabolism. The main pathway of TRP metabolism is kynurenine, with a minor percentage shuttled towards serotonin biosynthesis, a brain-essential neurotransmitter. Kynurenine metabolism generates kynurenic acid (neuroprotective) and quinolinic acid (neurotoxic).Our current knowledge of TRP metabolism in ME/CFS is insufficient. Few studies have quantified TRP in ME/CFS, and even fewer have employed high-resolution mass spectrometry, essential for accurate measurements and comprehensive metabolomics. Additionally, many studies disregarded factors like age and sex, which influence TRP metabolite levels. Lastly, preclinical research on the neuroprotective effects of KYN as a potential treatment is notably lackingTo address these research questions, we developed an accurate and comprehensive analytical method using liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry. This method quantifies TRP and its metabolites, along with the vitamins B2 and B6, essential for the enzymes in this pathway. Additionally, we measured the oxidative marker hypoxanthine and the amino acids tyrosine and phenylalanine, which compete with TRP to cross the blood-brain barrier, and limit its availability in the brain. We then employed the, TRP method and untargeted metabolomics, to compare the metabolic profiles of ME/CFS patients with those of healthy individuals, considering age and sex. Moreover, the effects of the menstrual cycle on TRP levels were examined by correlating 11 steroids with TRP metabolites. Additionally, the tissue distribution of kynurenine was investigated following both acute and chronic administration in a preclinical model.The untargeted study found alterations in the vitamin B3, arginine-proline, aspartate-asparagine, L-Adrenaline and S-Adenosyl-L-homocysteine pathways . While, the targeted approach revealed decreased levels of 3-hydroxykynurenine and 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid in ME/CFS patients. In addition, hypoxanthine and phenylalanine was elevated in ME/CFS patients, suggesting hypoxia and altered amino acid metabolism. The study found strong relationships between TRP metabolites and steroids during the menstrual cycle, suggesting hormones affect this pathway. Preclinical findings showed that kynurenine administration resulted in region-specific effects, with a potential neuroprotective effect in the hippocampus. These studies open avenues for further exploration of TRP metabolism, particularly in relation to ME/CFS and the impact of steroid hormones on this metabolic pathway.
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| 34. |
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| 35. |
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| 36. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Barn som experter : övergångar i en digital barndom
- 2024. - 1
-
In: <em>Att undervisa barn i skolstartsålder </em>. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151110714 ; , s. 157-176
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 37. |
- Ackesjö, Helena, 1973-, et al.
(author)
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Den utvidgade undervisningsrepertoaren
- 2024. - 1
-
In: <em>Att undervisa barn i skolstartsålder </em>. - Malmö : Gleerups Utbildning AB. - 9789151110714 ; , s. 15-30
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)
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| 38. |
-
Acquisitions 2021: exposé
- 2024
-
In: Art bulletin of Nationalmuseum Stockholm. - Stockholm : Nationalmuseum. - 2001-9238. ; 28:2:2021, s. 77-130
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)
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| 39. |
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| 40. |
- Adami, Elisabetta, et al.
(author)
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Editorial multimodality and society
- 2024
-
In: Multimodality & Society. - : Sage Publications. - 2634-9795 .- 2634-9809. ; 4:1, s. 3-10
-
Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This issue, the first of volume 4, marks the start of Multimodality & Society’s fourth year and provides a good moment to look across the past 3 years to review and reflect on the journal’s contribution to multimodality. Multimodality & Society aims to consolidate and advance multimodal theory, methodologies, and empirical understanding of interaction and communication. This editorial considers the collective contribution of the 12 issues published to date and points to how the journal can continue to push the boundaries of multimodality forward. We highlight the significance of the journal’s expansion of multimodal formats, and several directions embedded in the journal scope which we have advanced.
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| 41. |
- Adelino, Manuel, et al.
(author)
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Trade Credit and the Transmission of Unconventional Monetary Policy
- 2024
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Other publication (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We show that trade credit in production networks is important for the transmission of unconventional monetary policy. We find that firms with bonds eligible for purchase under the European Central Bank’s Corporate Sector Purchase Program act as financial intermediaries and extend more trade credit to their customers. The increase in trade credit flows is more pronounced from core countries to periphery countries and towards financially constrained customers. Customers increase investment and employment in response to the additional financing, while suppliers with eligible bonds increase their customer base, potentially favoring upstream industry concentration. Our findings suggest that the trade credit channel of monetary policy produces heterogeneous effects on regions, industries, and firms.
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| 42. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(author)
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Exponering av oskyddade trafikanter med hjälp av app-baserade resvaneundersökningar
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 287-288
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Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Trafiksäkerhetsarbetet har kommit långt i Sverige, men det finns stora utmaningar kvar vad gäller oskyddade trafikanters trafiksäkerhetssituation. Trafiksäkerhetsrisken baseras på antalet olyckor eller personskador per trafikant, trafikarbete eller annat exponeringsmått. För oskyddade trafikanter är dock förståelsen av exponering begränsad och det finns generellt ett behov av bättre förståelse för oskyddade trafikanters exponering i termer av reslängder, tid i olika trafikmiljöer.Samtidigt som kunskapsläget kring skyddade trafikanters exponering i allmänhet är låg ger ökad digitalisering nya sätt att förstå människors resvanor och användning av trafiksystemet. I app-baserade resvaneundersökningar används positioneringsdata från mobiltelefonen, vilket kan ge värdefull information om exponering men också annan trafiksäkerhetsrelevant information, så som hastigheter.Denna studie har undersökt om data från app-baserade resvaneundersökningar kan använts för att ge värdefull information om a) den oskyddade trafikantgruppen, b) exponering och c) annan trafiksäkerhetsrelevant information. Underlaget har varit en kommunal app-baserad resvaneundersökning. Fokus har varit cyklister. Positioneringsdata har knutits till infrastrukturen via map-matching mot en geografisk databas. Genom detta kan typ av infrastruktur (till exempel gång- och cykelvägnät) och infrastrukturens olika egenskaper (till exempel hastighetsgränser) knytas till varje enskild del av en resa. Hastigheter har beräknats hjälp av GPS-positionering och tidsangivelser utmed hela resans sträckning. Vi har i denna studie valt att beräkna hastigheter på 50-meterssektioner, vilket bedöms ge en bra bild över hastighetsprofilen över resan.Det är med hjälp av data från app-baserad resvaneundersökning möjligt att beskriva hur mycket olika typer av individer cyklar, både i antal resor, reslängd och restid, både totalt och fördelat över dygnet. Den geografiska informationen gör det dessutom möjligt att förstå i vilken trafikmiljö som resor sker. I denna studie har vi analyserat hur mycket av transportarbetet som skett på olika typer av infrastruktur, vilket kan ställas i relation till var olyckor och skador skett för att beräkna trafiksäkerhetsrisker på olika typer av infrastruktur. I detta fall har vägtyp och hastighetsgräns använts, men det skulle också kunna vara typ av korsning om den data finns tillgänglig i den digitala beskrivningen av infrastrukturen.
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| 43. |
- Adell, Emeli, et al.
(author)
-
Investigating untapped bike potential with crowdsourcing data
- 2024
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In: Sammanställning av referat från Transportforum 2024. - Linköping : Statens väg- och transportforskningsinstitut. ; , s. 488-489
-
Conference paper (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The city of Lund has a high share of trips done by bicycle, and ambitious goals of becoming climate-neutral by 2030. Still the municipality, like many other cities, has difficulty in reaching the goals of increasing cycling and needs to find the real potential. To understand the untapped cycling potentials of a city, and generally to promote it, it is important to first assess how bike is used and why. This can be done by observing the bike flows and understanding the reasons for the use or misuse of bikes as a transport mode. Particularly, for the scope of identifying untapped potential, the preferred time scale should be smaller than the traditional count based on annual average figures. Also, opposite to motorized traffic, bicycle volume can rapidly change inside a city. All this caused the need to search for more effective methods to estimate bicycle volume like crowdsourcing data that can be provided by mobile apps which are usually collected for other purposes. The present study introduces a method of bicycle volume estimation based on GPS data from the TravelVu application, an app-based tool to collect travel survey data. A spatial analysis has been chosen to investigate the correlation between the data from the Lund municipality counting and the GPS data from TravelVu app. The analysis has been performed by comparing the average daily bike volume with the aggregated data in 3 months for the GPS track. Counting data refers to 2018 and 2021 and the TravelVu data refers to 3 months starting from August 2018 and 2021, where 2018 data are collected through crowdsourcing and 2021 are random sampling. All the weekend data have been removed since the manual counting was always carried out during weekdays (and should be represented by those). At first, all the data from the Lund municipality report were digitalized in a GIS map and then clustered per intersection to have a more robust regression when compared to the TravelVu data and to reduce the possible spatial errors.
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| 44. |
- Adham, Kristi
(author)
-
Charge Carrier Diffusion Induced Light Emitting Diodes
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Light emitting diodes (LEDs) have become the most efficient artificial lighting source. Their application is found in general indoor and outdoor lighting, headlights in automobiles, and displays whether it be TVs, laptops, mobile phones or smart watches. This technology is enabled by III-V semiconductors. Standard LEDs are comprised of stacked layers where the active region in the form of multi quantum wells is sandwiched between the n- and p-doped layers. This architecture however has several constraints such as a limited light extraction efficiency because of the presence of contact pads at the top and bottom of the structure, and it suffers from the phenomenon of total internal reflection.To address these challenges, this thesis has presented a new architecture of LEDs implemented on nanowires. The structures resemble trees where the core nanowires of a high bandgap material provide the charge carriers, while the branches of a lower bandgap material act as the active region. Because of the difference in bandgap the carriers diffuse into the branches, where they recombine, and light is emitted. The dimension of the branches enables efficient light extraction overcoming total internal reflection.In Paper I, the growth of nanotree structures is investigated by using a Au-containing solution to provide the seeds for branch growth. The successful growth of such structures is shown with a high density of branches.In Paper II, the nanotree structures are processed into devices and a successful proof of concept of the diffusion of charge carriers from the cores to the branches is shown.In Paper III, the structure is pushed one step further and doping is introduced in the branches and the devices are characterised to quantify its effect. The platform opens up a new window into alternative architectures for LEDs, which promise a high efficiency and low processing cost.
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| 45. |
- Adiels, Emil, 1989
(author)
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Differential geometry and structural action of vaults and shells
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Masonry vaults and bridges, concrete shells, and steel and timber grid shells are all examples of shell structures. Their beauty, spatial qualities, structural efficiency and manufacturing are closely tied to their geometry. Geometry is central since it does not only describe the shape of the shell but also the building blocks, which together form a pattern or grid dictating its construction and structural behaviour. History has shown how architects and builders successfully utilized curved shapes to combine architectural qualities with structural efficiency through the use of simple building blocks of local materials. Differential geometry offers a mathematical framework for the investigation of such architectural qualities in both historic and new structures. The focus of this thesis is to investigate how differential geometry can contribute to the design and production of shell structures in the digital age . During the thesis work, different directions for the investigation of differential geometry in architecture and engineering have been explored. Out of these explorations, two main directions have evolved, each of them with a more limited and specific research question: How can differential geometry be used to design structurally efficient shells and shells with surface patterns for simple production? How can differential geometry be applied in a design process supporting the quick production of a grid shell? These questions have been treated and investigated in studies reported in the appended Paper A-F. Paper A, D and E cover different aspects of how to design shells where simple building blocks can be used. Paper A and D show different possibilities for designing new brick shells and masonry bridges, while Paper E investigates the architectural application of shells whose boundaries subtend a constant solid angle. Paper B and C describe and discuss the design and construction process of two different timber grid shell structures built of straight planar laths. Paper F takes its point of departure from the fact that shells are generally statically indeterminate structures, allowing several force and moment distributions that can fulfil equilibrium. Our study offers a framework for designing shells using the force method, where the redundant forces and moments in the shell are represented as two surfaces.
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| 46. |
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| 47. |
- Adler, Alexandre E., 1995-
(author)
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Polarized beams and the things they've seen : Modelling optical systematics for CMB polarisation experiments
- 2024
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, I describe several advances in modelling sources of systematic error associated with microwave telescope optics. Microwave telescopes observing the Cosmic Microwave Background (CMB) are a key tool in establishing and furthering the LCDM model of cosmology. In the near future, several telescopes will observe the polarized variations of the CMB with unprecedented sensitivity to search for traces of cosmic inflation and the epoch of reionization. My research questioned how various optical non-idealities would affect the accuracy of these experiments. In particular, my collaborators and I have examined potential systematics related to the beam/point spread function, the half-wave plate (a polarization modulator), and thermal ground emission. Our modelling efforts have relied on expanding the beamconv software library and on the GRASP beam simulation software.
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| 48. |
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| 49. |
- Adolfsson, Caroline
(author)
-
'We don't use the word race' : Boundaries of in-group membership in Sweden
- 2024
-
Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation explores the connections between the group construction of Swedishness, whiteness, and belongingness, exploring how these dynamics shape individuals' experiences of belongingness and non-belongingness. Employing a social-psychological lens, the research investigates the interplay between race and ingroup construction, shedding light on the complexities of Swedish identity within the broader global context. The dissertation comprises of a introduction (Kappa) and three stand alone articles, each contributing to the academic discourse while intersecting in their themes.The first article utilizes quantitative data to examine the feelings of belongingness among individuals from different ethnic backgrounds in Sweden. Results indicate a positive correlation between national and ethnic identifications, allowing for concurrent membership in various groups without contradiction, yet also suggests an empirical link between being appraised as Swedish and being white. The second article presents qualitative data, revealing that 'Swedishness' is closely tied to whiteness, particularly among white participants who also espoused hesitancy and adversion to the concept of ‘race’. In contrast, non-white participants display a more nuanced perspective on race and racialization. The third article investigates whether majority ethnic in-group and non-majority out-group members perceive and agree upon broad and specific representations of 'Swedishness' through a classic social categorization experiment. Results suggest a prevalence of associating 'Swedishness' with white individuals, despite efforts towards multicultural representation.Through these investigations, the dissertation provides valuable insights into the construction of Swedish group identity and its implications for both in-group and out-group members. By addressing research gaps and employing diverse methodologies, this work contributes to a deeper understanding of intergroup relations and identity dynamics in contemporary Swedish society.
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| 50. |
- Adolfsson, Lars, 1955-
(author)
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What keeps a shoulder stable - Is there an ideal method for anterior stabilisation?
- 2024
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In: Shoulder & Elbow. - : Sage Publications. - 1758-5732 .- 1758-5740. ; 16:1, s. 4-7
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Journal article (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The gleno-humeral joint is by far the most mobile in the human body but also afflicted by dislocations, predominantly anterior. Surgical stabilisation is often successful but failures not uncommon. The following review describes potential causes of failure and highlights the need of adapting surgical methods to pathomorphology.
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