| 16311. |
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| 16312. |
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| 16313. |
- Norberg, Malin, 1975-
(författare)
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Exercise design in mathematics textbooks : The case of subtraction - A descriptive textbook analysis mapping out Swedish Year 1 textbooks
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Mathematics textbooks are widely used teaching tools and are used by most students whostudy mathematics worldwide. In this descriptive textbook analysis, all Swedishmathematics textbooks for Year 1, both digital and printed, were mapped out according towhat resources for communication that are used. For delimitation, a focus on subtractionas an arithmetic operation was chosen. The result shows large differences between the 17textbook series, concerning both the type of subtraction exercise offered and the use ofdifferent resources for communication and learning such as writing, images, andmathematical symbols. Digital textbooks were largely similar to the printed textbooks,except for a tablet-based textbook. Altogether, subtraction is presented differently indifferent textbook series, and therefore, the choice of mathematics textbooks affects howsubtraction is offered.
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| 16314. |
- Norberg, Margareta, 1951-
(författare)
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Identifying risk of type 2 diabetes : epidemiologic perspectives from biomarkers to lifestyle
- 2006
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type 2 diabetes is a significant health problem because of its high prevalence and strong association with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. An increase of type 2 diabetes is predicted due to increasing obesity and sedentary lifestyle habits. The development from latent to diagnostic disease spans many years and during this time it is possible to prevent or postpone type 2 diabetes using lifestyle and pharmacological interventions. The objective of this thesis is to investigate and describe early patterns and risk indicators of type 2 diabetes. The focus is on type 2 diabetes as one component in metabolic syndrome, i.e. the clustering of several cardiovascular risk markers. Two studies based on the Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) provided the data; one case-referent study nested within VIP which includes 237 diabetes cases that were clinically diagnosed 5.4 years after the health survey, each with two referents; and one panel study with 5 consecutive annual cohorts including subjects that participated in VIP between1990 and 1994 and returned to a follow-up after 10 years, a total of 16 492 individuals. Associations between risk markers and type 2 diabetes or metabolic syndrome are evaluated by several statistical techniques. A model of metabolic syndrome is hypothesized. A prediction model for developing type 2 diabetes among middle-aged individuals is proposed, where high risk is defined as having at least two out of three risk criteria (fasting plasma glucose ≥6.1 mmol/L, HbA1c ≥4.7% (Swedish Mono-S standard) and BMI ≥27 in men and BMI ≥30 in women). With positive predictive values of 32% in men and 46% in women, this model performs at least as well as other published prediction models. Information on family history of diabetes does not improve the result and the cumbersome oral glucose tolerance test is not needed. Therefore this model should be feasible for use in routine care. A model of metabolic syndrome with five composite factors, based on 14 variables including markers produced by adipose tissue and b-cells, suggest that obesity with insulin resistance and b-cell decompensation are the core perturbations in the early stages of type 2 diabetes, while inflammation and dyslipidemia could not be shown to be independent early risk indicators. The composite factors do not improve the prediction as compared to the single markers of fasting glucose, BMI and proinsulin and, possibly blood pressure values. Stress (measured as passive or tense working conditions) and weak social support (measured as emotional support), are suggested to be strong risk indicators along with high BMI for type 2 diabetes in women. In men BMI is predictive, but the stress variables are not shown to be associated with future type 2 diabetes. A social gap is indicated by double risk of metabolic syndrome among subjects with low (≤ 9 years at school) compared to high education (≥ 13 years). High consumption of Swedish smokeless tobacco, snuff (>4 cans/week), is independently associated with metabolic syndrome, obesity and hypertriglyceridemia, but not with dysregulation of glucose. To conclude, single markers, that are commonly used in daily practice, are useful and sufficient for identification of subjects that are in the early stages of type 2 diabetes. Obesity with insulin resistance and b-cell decompensation are the core perturbations in early development to T2DM. Lifestyle, socioeconomic and psychosocial markers, in addition to biomarkers, are important determinants of future type 2 diabetes and metabolic syndrome, albeit not similarly among men and women.
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| 16315. |
- Norberg, Margareta
(författare)
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VIP - structure and support. And why Cochrane evaluations of CVD prevention programs not are applicable on this Swedish concept for CVD prevention
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Public Health. - : OXFORD UNIV PRESS. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 27:Suppl_3, s. 204-205
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The idea behind and use of the so called star profile in Västerbotten Intervention Programme (VIP) will be highlighted. The role of politicians and stake holders for development and sustainability of the VIP, the organized structure for support to the staff who provides VIP, as well as the scientific back-up and adaption of the program according to current medical evidence will be described. Results in terms of participation rates and standardized total and CVD mortality rates in the target population for VIP (participants and non-participants taken together) and among only participants will be reported. Whether for those who are eligible for participation in VIP twice, it is better to participate twice or if participation only once is enough, will be discussed. The Habo and the Västerbotten programs for prevention of CVD will be compared to trials included in Cochrane evaluations of programs for CVD prevention. We will also discuss why these Cochrane evaluations are not applicable to this Swedish concept for population based targeted cardiovascular prevention.
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| 16316. |
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| 16317. |
- Norberg-Schönfeldt, Magdalena, et al.
(författare)
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Skilsmässor och ekonomi
- 2008
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Ingår i: Jämställdhetens pris. - 9789189140530 ; , s. 195-220
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 16318. |
- Norberg-Schönfeldt, Magdalena, 1976-
(författare)
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The phase-out of the nuclear family? : empirical studies on the economics and structure of modern Swedish families
- 2007
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three papers on the economics and structure of Swedish families.Paper [I] examines the determinants of children’s educational achievement in Sweden. Special attention is given to the labour market work by mothers and fa-thers in terms of its influence on the educational outcome of their children, measured as grade point average (GPA) in compulsory as well as upper secon-dary school. The results show that there is a positive relationship between paren-tal income and GPA. Regarding the number of hours worked in the labour mar-ket, the results differ between mothers and fathers. Having a mother that works less than full time has positive effects on the child’s grades throughout the schooling of the child, whereas significant effects of the hours of work that the father puts in are found during upper secondary school only.Paper [II] explores the role of financial surprises and match quality in the disso-lution of relationships. The analysis is carried out both for surprises in the short term earnings and surprises in the long-run earnings capacity. It is found that positive surprises in short term earnings have a destabilizing effect for a rela-tionship. Generally, a negative surprise in long-run earnings capacity for males has a destabilizing effect. However, if it is combined with a female positive sur-prise, the effect is stabilizing. Commitments become more stable the older the spouses are at the start, and if young children are present.Paper [III] studies the role of unemployment in the dissolution of relationships by applying a two-step estimation method to an extensive data set, which con-tains information about young Swedish males and females. Unemployment is recognized as endogenous in the separation decision, and the results show that the effect of unemployment on separation is biased when unemployment is as-sumed to be exogenous in the separation equation. The probability of separation is found to be increasing with male unemployment, while female unemployment decreases the probability of dissolution.
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| 16319. |
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| 16320. |
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