| 3011. |
- Iftimie, Ion A., et al.
(author)
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Strengthening the cybersecurity of smart grids : The role of artificial intelligence in resiliency of substation intelligent electronic devices
- 2020
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In: Proceedings of the 19th European Conference on Cyber Warfare and Security. - Reading, UK : Academic Conferences and Publishing International Limited. - 9781912764617 - 9781912764624 ; , s. 143-150, s. 143-150
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Executive Order 13800—Strengthening the Cybersecurity of Federal Networks and Critical Infrastructure—issued by the President of the United States, calls for an evaluation of the “readiness and gaps in the United States’ ability to manage and mitigate consequences of a cyber incident against the electricity subsector.” In May of 2018, the Office of Management and Budget finished evaluating the 96 risk assessments conducted by various agencies and published Federal Cybersecurity Risk Determination Report and Action Plan (Risk Report). While the report embraced a broad defending forward strategy, it made no reference to smart grids or their vulnerable intelligent substations and did not address how federal agencies plan to respond to emerging threats to these systems. While the paper does not discuss how to attack the smart grids in the cyber domain, the contribution to the academic debate lies in validating some of the vulnerabilities of the grid’s substations in order for government, private industry, academia, and civil society to better collaborate in disrupting or halting malicious cyber activities before they disrupt the power supply of the United States and its Transatlantic allies. We also discuss how Artificial Intelligence and related techniques can mitigate security risks to cyber-physical systems. Until this technology becomes available, however, standardization of cyber security efforts must be enforced through regulatory means, such as the enforcement of security-by-design Intelligent Electronic Devices and protocols for the smart grid.
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| 3012. |
- Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Aiding Observational Ergonomic Evaluation Methods Using MOCAP Systems Supported by AI-Based Posture Recognition
- 2020
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In: DHM2020. - Amsterdam : IOS Press. - 9781643681054 - 9781643681047 ; , s. 419-429
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Observational ergonomic evaluation methods have inherent subjectivity. Observers’ assessment results might differ even with the same dataset. While motion capture (MOCAP) systems have improved the speed and the accuracy of motiondata gathering, the algorithms used to compute assessments seem to rely on predefined conditions to perform them. Moreover, the authoring of these conditions is not always clear. Making use of artificial intelligence (AI), along with MOCAP systems, computerized ergonomic assessments can become more alike to human observation and improve over time, given proper training datasets. AI can assist ergonomic experts with posture detection, useful when using methods that require posture definition, such as Ovako Working Posture Assessment System (OWAS). This study aims to prove the usefulness of an AI model when performing ergonomic assessments and to prove the benefits of having a specialized database for current and future AI training. Several algorithms are trained, using Xsens MVN MOCAP datasets, and their performance within a use case is compared. AI algorithms can provide accurate posture predictions. The developed approach aspires to provide with guidelines to perform AI-assisted ergonomic assessment based on observation of multiple workers.
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| 3013. |
- Igelmo, Victor, 1992-, et al.
(author)
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Enabling Industrial Mixed Reality Using Digital Continuity : An Experiment Within Remanufacturing
- 2022
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In: SPS2022. - Amsterdam; Berlin; Washington, DC : IOS Press. - 9781643682686 - 9781643682693 ; , s. 497-507
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In the digitalisation era, overlaying digital, contextualised information on top of the physical world is essential for an efficient operation. Mixed reality (MR) is a technology designed for this purpose, and it is considered one of the critical drivers of Industry 4.0. This technology has proven to have multiple benefits in the manufacturing area, including improving flexibility, efficacy, and efficiency. Among the challenges that prevent the big-scale implementation of this technology, there is the authoring challenge, which we address by answering the following research questions: (1) “how can we fasten MR authoring in a manufacturing context?” and (2) “how can we reduce the deployment time of industrial MR experiences?”. This paper presents an experiment performed in collaboration with Volvo within the remanufacturing of truck engines. MR seems to be more valuable for remanufacturing than for many other applications in the manufacturing industry, and the authoring challenge appears to be accentuated. In this experiment, product lifecycle management (PLM) tools are used along with internet of things (IoT) platforms and MR devices. This joint system is designed to keep the information up-to-date and ready to be used when needed. Having all the necessary data cascading from the PLM platform to the MR device using IoT prevents information silos and improves the system’s overall reliability. Results from the experiment show how the interconnection of information systems can significantly reduce development and deployment time. Experiment findings include a considerable increment in the complexity of the overall IT system, the need for substantial investment in it, and the necessity of having highly qualified IT staff. The main contribution of this paper is a systematic approach to the design of industrial MR experiences.
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| 3014. |
- Iglesia, Iris, et al.
(author)
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Dairy consumption at snack meal occasions and the overall quality of diet during childhood : Prospective and cross-sectional analyses from the idefics/i.family cohort
- 2020
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In: Nutrients. - : MDPI. - 2072-6643. ; 12:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- There is scarce information on the influence of dairy consumption between main meals on the overall diet quality through childhood, constituting the main aim of this research. From the Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) study, and based on the data availability in each period due to drop outs, 8807 children aged 2 to 9.9 years from eight European countries at baseline (T0: 2007–2008); 5085 children after two years (T1); and 1991 after four years (T3), were included in these analyses. Dietary intake and the Diet Quality Index (DQI) were assessed by two 24 hours dietary recalls (24-HDR) and food frequency questionnaire. Consumption of milk and yogurt (p = 0.04) and cheese (p < 0.001) at snack meal occasions was associated with higher DQI scores in T0; milk and yogurt (p < 0.001), and cheese (p < 0.001) in T1; and cheese (p = 0.05) in T3. Consumers of milk (p = 0.02), yogurt (p < 0.001), or cheese (p < 0.001) throughout T0 and T1 at all snack moments had significantly higher scores of DQI compared to non-consumers. This was also observed with the consumption of cheese between T1 and T3 (p = 0.03). Consumption of dairy products at snack moments through childhood is associated with a better overall diet quality, being a good strategy to improve it in this period.
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| 3015. |
- Iguacel, Isabel, et al.
(author)
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Associations between social vulnerabilities and dietary patterns in European children : the Identification and prevention of Dietary- and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS (IDEFICS) study
- 2016
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In: British Journal of Nutrition. - : Cambridge University Press. - 0007-1145 .- 1475-2662. ; 116:7, s. 1288-1297
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Socio-economic inequalities in childhood can determine dietary patterns, and therefore future health. This study aimed to explore associations between social vulnerabilities and dietary patterns assessed at two time points, and to investigate the association between accumulation of vulnerabilities and dietary patterns. A total of 9301 children aged 2-9 years participated at baseline and 2-year follow-up examinations of the Identification and prevention of Dietary-and lifestyle-induced health EFfects In Children and infantS study. In all, three dietary patterns were identified at baseline and follow-up by applying the K-means clustering algorithm based on a higher frequency of consumption of snacks and fast food (processed), sweet foods and drinks (sweet), and fruits and vegetables (healthy). Vulnerable groups were defined at baseline as follows: children whose parents lacked a social network, children from single-parent families, children of migrant origin and children with unemployed parents. Multinomial mixed models were used to assess the associations between social vulnerabilities and children's dietary patterns at baseline and follow-up. Children whose parents lacked a social network (OR 1.31; 99% CI 1.01, 1.70) and migrants (OR 1.45; 99% CI 1.15, 1.83) were more likely to be in the processed cluster at baseline and follow-up. Children whose parents were homemakers (OR 0.74; 99% CI 0.60, 0.92) were less likely to be in the processed cluster at baseline. A higher number of vulnerabilities was associated with a higher probability of children being in the processed cluster (OR 1.78; 99% CI 1.21, 2.62). Therefore, special attention should be paid to children of vulnerable groups as they present unhealthier dietary patterns.
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| 3016. |
- Iguacel, I., et al.
(author)
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Prospective associations between socioeconomically disadvantaged groups and metabolic syndrome risk in European children. Results from the IDEFICS study
- 2018
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In: International Journal of Cardiology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0167-5273 .- 1874-1754. ; 272, s. 333-340
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objective: Socioeconomic disadvantages during childhood are hypothesised to have negative implications for health. We aimed to investigate the association between socioeconomic disadvantages and children's total metabolic syndrome (MetS) score at baseline and follow-up and the extent to which socioeconomic disadvantages over time and the accumulation of these socioeconomic disadvantages can affect children's MetS risk. Methods: The two-year longitudinal IDEFICS study included 2401 European children (aged 2.0-9.9) with complete information of the 16,229 participating at baseline. Sociodemographic variables, psychosocial factors and lifestyle were proxy-reported via questionnaires. Socioeconomically disadvantaged groups included children from families with low income, low education, migrant origin, unemployed parents, parents who lacked a social network, and from non-traditional families. MetS risk score was calculated as the sum of z-scores of waist circumference, blood pressure, lipids and insulin resistance. Linear mixed-effects models were used to study the association between social disadvantages and MetS risk. Models were adjusted for sex, age, well-being and lifestyle (fruit and vegetables consumption, physical activity, screen time). Results: At both time points, children from low-income families (0.20 [0.03-0.37]); (beta estimate and 99% confidence interval), children from non-traditional families (0.14 [0.02-026]), children whose parents were unemployed (0.31 [0.05-0.57]) and children who accumulated >3 disadvantages (0.21 [0.04-0.37]) showed a higher MetS score compared to non-socioeconomically disadvantaged groups. Conclusion: Children from socioeconomically disadvantaged families are at high metabolic risk independently of diet, physical activity, sedentary behaviours and well-being. Interventions focusing on these socioeconomically disadvantaged groups should be developed to tackle health disparities. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 3017. |
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| 3018. |
- Ilbiz, Ethem, et al.
(author)
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The Appropriation of Blockchain for Small and Medium-sized Enterprises
- 2019
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In: Journal of Innovation Management. - : FEUP edições (Faculdade de Engenharia da Universidade do Porto Edicoes). - 2183-0606. ; 7:1, s. 26-45
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This article aims to provide a conceptual framework for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to evaluate the appropriation of blockchain technology for their business needs and challenges. This conceptual framework aims to respond to the problem of increasing speculations surrounding the blockchain that is considered to be an absolute and innovative solution to many business related problems. However, this argument might not be realistic for SMEs despite this assumption. The main argument of the article is that SMEs should be skeptical while evaluating the appropriation of this technology for their business needs and they should follow a tailored approach whilst adopting it. Otherwise, the likelihood is high that a short-term and unstructured knowledge management process to adopt blockchain will end up with a waste of resources. The present paper conceptualizes an appropriation framework within nine factors namely, reduction of costs, internalization, digital representation of assets, unalterable data recording, network size, transparent and synchronized ledger, scalability, fair trade, and financing. Given the field’s infancy state of development, the paper relies on a qualitative document analysis involving SME literature and extant literature and white papers of blockchain applications.
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| 3019. |
- Ilvered, Magnus, et al.
(author)
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De japanska bibliotekens tjänster till allmänhet och forskarsamhället
- 2008
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Reports (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- Studiebesöken visade tjänster och funktioner från två olika perspektiv; det nationellt övergripande och arbetet i den lokala verksamheten.De nationellt övergripande tjänsterna och funktionerna visades genom tre besök på institutioner med nationellt ansvar: National Institue of Informatics (NII), National Diet Library (nationalbiblioteket, NDL) och National Instititute of Multimedia Education (NIME). Det finns ett stort värde i att nationellt kraftsamla resurser och kompetenser. Besöken visar att institutioner som får ett uttalat nationellt ansvar inom sitt ansvarsområde ges möjligheter att utveckla tjänster och funktioner som inget enskilt bibliotek har möjlighet att åstadkomma.Några exempel är:NII arbetar med forskning och utveckling på nationell nivå inom den vetenskapliga informationsförsörjningen både vad det gäller service och tjänster och kommunikationsinfrastruktur.NDL har fått ett nationellt uppdrag att lösa problemet med digitalt bevarande. Uppdraget tas på mycket stort allvar och ett omfattande arbete med kartläggning och planering av hur frågan skall hanteras är under arbete.NIME har det nationella ansvaret att upprätthålla en hög kompetens och har omfattande resurser för utbildning och forskning inom medieområdet.Besöken i de lokala biblioteken har visat på flera prioriterade områden och ett par exempel är:Digitalisering av olika delar av samlingarna ses som angeläget och arbetet har också kommit långt på flera håll, framför allt när det gäller att öka tillgängligheten av äldre kulturskatter. Efterfrågan och användning av det digitaliserade materialet är mycket stor, inte minst från användare från andra länder.När det gäller frågor av organisatorisk karaktär har besöken genomgående visat på en förhållandevis hög grad av outsourcing av vissa tjänster. Detta ses som ett sätt att dels kunna hålla och utveckla en högre kompetens på de som faktiskt är anställda och dels ett sätt att kunna vara mer flexibel med möjlighet att konkurrensutsätta olika funktioner.
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| 3020. |
- Ilvered, Magnus, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Nationell kraftsamling i Japan : Kulturskatter i den digitala eran
- 2008
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In: Biblioteksbladet. - Stockholm : Svensk Biblioteksförening. - 0006-1867. ; :10, s. 19-20
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- I Japan har man insett att det finns ett stort värde i att nationellt kraftsamla resurser och kompetenser. Institutioner som får ett uttalat nationellt ansvar inom sitt ansvarsområde ges möjligheter att utveckla tjänster och funktioner som inget enskilt bibliotek har möjlighet att åstadkomma.
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