| 3011. |
- Huhnstock, Nikolas Alexander, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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An Infinite Replicated Softmax Model for Topic Modeling
- 2019
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In: Modeling Decisions for Artificial Intelligence. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030267728 - 9783030267735 ; , s. 307-318
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In this paper, we describe the infinite replicated Softmax model (iRSM) as an adaptive topic model, utilizing the combination of the infinite restricted Boltzmann machine (iRBM) and the replicated Softmax model (RSM). In our approach, the iRBM extends the RBM by enabling its hidden layer to adapt to the data at hand, while the RSM allows for modeling low-dimensional latent semantic representation from a corpus. The combination of the two results is a method that is able to self-adapt to the number of topics within the document corpus and hence, renders manual identification of the correct number of topics superfluous. We propose a hybrid training approach to effectively improve the performance of the iRSM. An empirical evaluation is performed on a standard data set and the results are compared to the results of a baseline topic model. The results show that the iRSM adapts its hidden layer size to the data and when trained in the proposed hybrid manner outperforms the base RSM model.
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| 3012. |
- Huhnstock, Nikolas Alexander, 1988-, et al.
(author)
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On the behavior of the infinite restricted boltzmann machine for clustering
- 2018
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In: SAC '18 Proceedings of the 33rd Annual ACM Symposium on Applied Computing. - New York, NY, USA : Association for Computing Machinery (ACM). - 9781450351911 ; , s. 461-470
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Clustering is a core problem within a wide range of research disciplines ranging from machine learning and data mining to classical statistics. A group of clustering approaches so-called nonparametric methods, aims to cluster a set of entities into a beforehand unspecified and unknown number of clusters, making potentially expensive pre-analysis of data obsolete. In this paper, the recently, by Cote and Larochelle introduced infinite Restricted Boltzmann Machine that has the ability to self-regulate its number of hidden parameters is adapted to the problem of clustering by the introduction of two basic cluster membership assumptions. A descriptive study of the influence of several regularization and sparsity settings on the clustering behavior is presented and results are discussed. The results show that sparsity is a key adaption when using the iRBM for clustering that improves both the clustering performances as well as the number of identified clusters.
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| 3013. |
- Hult, Marja, et al.
(author)
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Cost-effectiveness calculators for health, well-being and safety promotion : a systematic review
- 2021
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In: European Journal of Public Health. - : Oxford University Press. - 1101-1262 .- 1464-360X. ; 31:5, s. 997-1003
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: The health, well-being and safety of the general population are important goals for society, but forecasting outcomes and weighing up the costs and benefits of effective promotional programmes is challenging. This study aimed to identify and describe the cost-effectiveness calculators that analyze interventions that promote health, well-being and safety. METHODS: Our systematic review used the CINAHL, PsycINFO, SocINDEX, EconLit, PubMed and Scopus databases to identify peer-reviewed studies published in English between January 2010 and April 2020. The data were analyzed with narrative synthesis. RESULTS: The searches identified 6880 papers and nine met our eligibility and quality criteria. All nine calculators focussed on interventions that promoted health and well-being, but no safety promotion tools were identified. Five calculators were targeted at group-level initiatives, two at regional levels and two at national levels. The calculators combined different data sources, in addition to data inputted by users. This included empirical research and previous literature. The calculators created baseline estimates and assessed the cost-effectiveness of the interventions before or after they were implemented. The calculators were heterogeneous in terms of outcomes, the interventions they evaluated and the data and methods used. CONCLUSION: This review identified nine calculators that assessed the cost-effectiveness of health and well-being interventions and supported decision-making and resource allocations at local, regional and national levels, but none focussed on safety. Producing calculators that work accurately in different contexts might be challenging. Further research should identify how to assess sustainable evaluation of health, well-being and safety strategies.
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| 3014. |
- Hult, Marja, et al.
(author)
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Cost-effectiveness calculators on health and social services planning and evaluation : an explorative interview study of key informants
- 2023
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In: International Journal of Health Promotion and Education. - : Routledge. - 1463-5240 .- 2164-9545. ; 61:5, s. 243-254
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of this study was to examine the views of key experts on developing and using cost-effectiveness calculators to plan and evaluate health and wellbeing promotion interventions in health and social services. Data for this qualitative interview study were collected from 14 Finnish experts in health and wellbeing coordination, health and social service management and research and health economics in spring 2021. A semi-structured interview method with thematic analysis was used. The experts said that there is a need for cost-effectiveness evaluation tools that support local evidence-based decision-making. This would enable organizations to plan and allocate scarce resources for interventions that promote equitable and effective health and wellbeing. However, practical tools and calculators that enable users to make decisions based on the best available evidence are not widely used. Local decision-makers, researchers and service providers all need to be involved in agreeing goals and selecting the right target groups and measures. They also need to make decisions about the best available data sources and how to use calculators to define and evaluate outcomes. Cost-effectiveness calculators are needed for local evidence-based decision-making, so that municipalities can allocate scarce resources to effective services that increase the wellbeing and equality of residents. This requires key stakeholders to work together to plan, develop and evaluate comprehensive, easy-to-use cost-effectiveness calculators.
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| 3015. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(author)
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Self-reported sick leave following a brief preventive intervention on work-related stress : A randomised controlled trial in primary health care
- 2021
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In: BMJ Open. - : BMJ Publishing Group Ltd. - 2044-6055. ; 11:3
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives To evaluate the effectiveness of a brief intervention about early identification of work-related stress combined with feedback at consultation with a general practitioner (GP) on the number of self-reported sick leave days. Design Randomised controlled trial. Prospective analyses of self-reported sick leave data collected between November 2015 and January 2017. Setting Seven primary healthcare centres in western Sweden. Participants The study included 271 employed, non-sick-listed patients aged 18-64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints. Of these, 132 patients were allocated to intervention and 139 patients to control. Interventions The intervention group received a brief intervention about work-related stress, including training for GPs, screening of patients' work-related stress, feedback to patients on screening results and discussion of measures at GP consultation. The control group received treatment as usual. Outcome measures The number of self-reported gross sick leave days and the number of self-reported net sick leave days, thereby also considering part-time sick leave. Results At 6 months' follow-up, 220/271 (81%) participants were assessed, while at 12 months' follow-up, 241/271 (89%) participants were assessed. At 6-month follow-up, 59/105 (56%) in the intervention group and 61/115 (53%) in the control group reported no sick leave. At 12-month follow-up, the corresponding numbers were 61/119 (51%) and 57/122 (47%), respectively. There were no statistically significant differences between the intervention group and the control group in the median number of self-reported gross sick leave days and the median number of self-reported net sick leave days. Conclusions The brief intervention showed no effect on the numbers of self-reported sick leave days for patients seeking care at the primary healthcare centres. Other actions and new types of interventions need to be explored to address patients' perceiving of ill health due to work-related stress.
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| 3016. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(author)
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Work-related stress and future sick leave in a working population seeking care at primary health care centres : a prospective longitudinal study using the WSQ
- 2022
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In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central. - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Studying the relationship between work-related stress and sick leave is valuable in identifying and assessing employees at risk of sick leave, but also in developing interventions and taking actions for workers’ health. The overall aim of this study was to analyse the association between work-related stress, measured with the work stress questionnaire (WSQ), and registered sick leave in a working population seeking care at primary health care centres in Sweden. Methods: A prospective longitudinal study was performed with 232 employed patients aged 18–64 years seeking care for mental and/or physical health complaints at seven primary health care centres. Bivariate logistic regression analysis adjusted for educational level, occupational class and marital status was performed using questionnaire data on work-related stress and sociodemographic factors collected between May 2015 until January 2016 together with registered sick leave data from a national database. Results: High stress due to indistinct organization and conflicts was reported by 21% (n = 49), while 45% (n = 105) reported high stress due to individual demands and commitment. Thirty-six percent were on sick leave for 15 days or more during 12 months after baseline. The odds of being on registered sick leave during this period was approximately twice as high for patients perceiving high stress due to indistinct organization and conflicts (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.18;4.26), high stress due to individual demands and commitment (OR 2.21, 95% CI 1.28;3.82), low influence at work (OR 2.07, 95% CI 1.20;3.57), or high interference between work and leisure time (OR 2.19, 95% CI 1.27;3.80). Perceiving high stress due to both indistinct organization and conflicts as well as individual demands and commitment quadrupled the odds of sick leave, OR 4.15 (95% CI 1.84; 9.38). Conclusions: Work-related stress and sick leave were prevalent among the patients. Perceiving one or more of the work-related stressors and stress increased the odds of registered sick leave between two to four times. Hence, to capture the dynamic interaction between the individual and the work environment, a wide spectrum of factors must be considered. In addition, primary health care could be a suitable arena for preventing sick leave due to work-related stress. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov. Identifier: NCT02480855. Registered 20 May 2015.
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| 3017. |
- Hultén, Anna-Maria, et al.
(author)
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Work-related stress, reason for consultation and diagnosis-specific sick leave : How do they add up?
- 2023
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In: PLOS ONE. - : Public Library of Science (PLoS). - 1932-6203. ; 18:7
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Work-related stress is common in Western society and disorders associated with stress are often managed in primary health care. This study was set to increase the understanding of the relationship between reason for consultation, work-related stress and diagnosis-specific sick leave for primary health care patients. The longitudinal observational study included 232 employed non-sick listed patients at seven primary health care centres in Sweden. Of these patients, 102 reported high work-related stress, as measured with the Work Stress Questionnaire, and 84 were on registered sick leave within one year after inclusion. The study showed that, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, highly stressed patients more often sought care for mental symptoms (60/102 versus 24/130), sleep disturbance (37/102 versus 22/130) and fatigue (41/102 versus 34/130). The risk for sick leave with a mental diagnosis within a year after base-line was higher among patients reporting high work-related stress than among those who did not (RR 2.97, 95% CI 1.59;5.55). No such association was however found for the risk of sick leave with a musculoskeletal diagnosis (RR 0.55, 95% CI 0.22;1.37). Seeking care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue were associated with having a future mental sick leave diagnosis (p-values < 0.001), while seeking care for musculoskeletal symptoms was associated with having a future musculoskeletal sick leave diagnosis (p-value 0.009). In summary, compared to those who did not report high work-related stress, patients with high work-related stress more often sought care for mental symptoms, sleep disturbance and fatigue which lead to a mental sick leave diagnosis. Reporting high work-related stress was, however, not linked to having sought care for musculoskeletal symptoms nor future sick leave due to a musculoskeletal diagnosis. Hence, both patients and general practitioners seem to characterize work-related stress as a mental complaint.
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| 3018. |
- Hultén, Gösta
(author)
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"Järnvägsgods från Asien en chans för Norden"
- 2010
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In: Intelligent logistik: inköp, logistik, produktion, affärer. - Stockholm : Intelligent logistik. - 1653-9451. ; :5, s. 8-8
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Journal article (pop. science, debate, etc.)abstract
- –Idag går nästan allt gods i Finland på lastbil och det är inte hållbart. Vår stora chans vore att ta mer importgods på järnväg från Sydostasien, säger Olli-Pekka Hilmola, finsk logistikprofessor./.../Olli-Pekka Hilmola, professor i logistik vid Tekniska Högskolan i Lappeenranta, Kouvola Unit./.../Som gästprofessor i logistik vid Högskolan i Skövde har Olli-Pekka Hilmola fått en ovanlig möjlighet att studera skillnader och likheter i de båda ländernas logistiksystem/.../Innovationer inom logistik kommer idag också från Kina. –Tillsammans med den kinesiske gästprofessorn Lihui Wang har vi ett projekt i Skövde där vi testar att använda Iphone i logistikkedjan.
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| 3019. |
- Hultqvist, Jenny, 1966, et al.
(author)
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Does a brief work-stress intervention prevent sick-leave during the following 24 months? : A randomized controlled trial in Swedish primary care
- 2021
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In: Work. - : IOS Press. - 1051-9815 .- 1875-9270. ; 70:4, s. 1141-1150
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Work-related stress (WRS) presents a risk for sick leave. However, effective methods to identify people at risk for sick leave due to WRS at an early stage are lacking in primary health care.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether a systematic early identification of WRS can prevent sick leave over 24 months after the intervention.METHODS: Study participants (n = 132 intervention; n = 139 control) were employed, non-sick-listed persons seeking care at primary health care centres. The intervention included early identification of WRS by a validated instrument, general practitioner (GP) awareness supported by a brief training session, patients' self-reflection by instrument completion, GP giving the patient feedback at consultation and GP identifying preventive measures. The control group received treatment as usual. Outcome data were retrieved from the Swedish Social Insurance Agency.RESULTS: The intervention group had less registered median sick leave days (n = 56) than the control group (n = 65) but the difference was not statistically significant.CONCLUSIONS: The brief intervention was not proven effective in preventing sick leave in the following 24 months compared to treatment as usual. Further research on how to identify, advice and treat those at high risk for sick leave in primary health care is needed.
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| 3020. |
- Humayan Kabir, Ahmad, et al.
(author)
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Nodularia spumigena and Its Attribute to Bloom Formation in the Baltic Sea
- 2012
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In: Environmental Research, Engineering and Management. - : Kaunas University of Technology. - 1392-1649 .- 2029-2139. ; 1:59, s. 5-9
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- N. spumigena is a dominant cyanobacterial species found in the Baltic Sea. It forms extensive bloom in late summer in the areas of the Baltic Sea with high phosphorus concentrations and moderate salinity. Both environmental and manmade factors are involved in bloom formation. This review also elucidates the physiological and molecular aspects of nitrogen fixation, heterocyst formation and nodularin production in N. spumigena.
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