| 311. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Trends in overweight and obesity in Swedish schoolchildren 1999-2005: has the epidemic reached a plateau?
- 2010
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Ingår i: Obesity reviews. - 1467-789X. ; 11:8, s. 553-559
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this review is to synthesize published evidence on the most recent trends in overweight and obesity among Swedish children. Specifically, trends are reported among fourth graders (10-11 years) from six different municipalities between 1999 and 2005. Weights and heights in representative samples of children within each area were measured by school nurses as part of routine school health examinations. Standardized definitions of overweight, obesity and thinness were calculated by methods described by Cole et al. in 2000 and 2007. In Stockholm, obesity prevalence during academic years starting 1999 and 2003 decreased non-significantly from 4.4% to 2.8% in girls, and increased non-significantly from 3.2% to 3.8% among boys. In Gothenburg, comparing academic years starting 2000 and 2004, prevalence of overweight in girls decreased from 19.6% to 15.9% (P < 0.01) while thinness increased from 9.5% to 11.9% (P < 0.05); no significant changes were observed in boys. Finally, the Swedish National Institute of Public Health released figures from Karlstad, Umeå, Västerås and Ystad in 2003-2005 during which time no trends in prevalence could be clearly shown. The stabilized rates are probably a result of regional and local actions that have taken place in many sectors of society, rather than one specific measure or national political action.
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| 312. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Variability of body weight and health outcomes in the Framingham population
- 1991
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Ingår i: New England Journal of Medicine. ; 324, s. 1839-1844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Redbergsägen #6, Göteborg, Sweden. BACKGROUND. Fluctuation in body weight is a common phenomenon, due in part to the high prevalence of dieting. In this study we examined the associations between variability in body weight and health end points in subjects participating in the Framingham Heart Study, which involves follow-up examinations every two years after entry. METHODS. The degree of variability of body weight was expressed as the coefficient of variation of each subject's measured body-mass-index values at the first eight biennial examinations during the study and on their recalled weight at 25 years of age. Using the 32-year follow-up data, we analyzed total mortality, mortality from coronary heart disease, and morbidity due to coronary heart disease and cancer in relation to intraindividual variation in body weight, including only end points that occurred after the 10th biennial examination. We used age-adjusted proportional-hazards regression for the data analysis. RESULTS. Subjects with highly variable body weights had increased total mortality (P = 0.005 for men, P = 0.01 for women), mortality from coronary heart disease (P = 0.009 for men, P = 0.009 for women), and morbidity due to coronary heart disease (P = 0.0009 for men, P = 0.006 for women). Using a multivariate analysis that also controlled for obesity, trends in weight over time, and five indicators of cardiovascular risk, we found that the positive associations between fluctuations in body weight and end points related to mortality and coronary heart disease could not be attributed to these potential confounding factors. The relative risks of these end points in subjects whose weight varied substantially, as compared with those whose weight was relatively stable, ranged from 1.27 to 1.93. CONCLUSIONS. Fluctuations in body weight may have negative health consequences, independent of obesity and the trend of body weight over time. PMID: 2041550 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 313. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Variation in energy intake during the menstrual cycle: implications for food-intake research
- 1988
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Ingår i: American Journal of Clinical Nutrition. ; 48, s. 956-962
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY. The relationship between spontaneous energy consumption and menstrual cycle was evaluated in 23 subjects who participated in one of two independent studies. Ad libitum intakes of experimental diets were measured by food weighing and bomb calorimetry for 56 or 42 d. Comparisons were made between each woman's mean energy during the 10 d before and after the onset of menstruation. The significant decline (364 kJ, or 87 kcal) between these two 10-d intervals was smaller than but consistent with findings from previous studies of data from food journals. In a separate analysis with time-series techniques, two distinct periods of elevated intake were identified (during the midluteal and midfollicular phases) that were independent of illness and menstrual symptoms. This pattern of food intake is discussed with reference to normal hormonal fluctuations. These findings confirm that menstrual cycle is a potential confounding variable that should be controlled in research on human food intake. PMID: 3421205 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 314. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956
(författare)
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Weight management: weight cycling/weight change
- 2013
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Ingår i: Encyclopedia of Human Nutrition (Third Edition). Benjamin Caballero (Ed.). - Oxford : Elsevier. - 9780123848857 ; , s. 410-15
-
Bokkapitel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Weight cycling refers to losses and subsequent regains of body weight often occurring in association with dieting. Prospective epidemiological studies have shown that an individual's own variations in body weight over time, a proxy for weight cycling, can statistically predict excess risk of subsequent mortality and disease. Unintentional changes may reflect serious illnesses that could be the underlying reasons for mortality. However, studies investigating intentional weight loss yield no consistent evidence that dieting either causes death or promotes longevity. Based on the existing literature on weight cycling, weight loss and weight gain, it can only be concluded that the optimal weight trajectory is weight stability.
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| 315. |
- Lissner, Lauren, 1956, et al.
(författare)
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Weight reduction diets and health promotion
- 1992
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Ingår i: American Journal of Preventive Medicine. ; 8, s. 154-158
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Primary Health Care, Gothenburg, Sweden. Obesity is an important health problem. Despite record rates of dieting and the availability of numerous programs, the problem is not abating. This article discusses the popularity of fad diets, the safety and effectiveness of commonly used approaches to weight loss, and the health effects of weight change. We propose an approach in which the search for a best treatment is secondary to the development of criteria to match patients to different treatments. This approach provides an opportunity for the health professional to take advantage of the multiple weight reduction resources in the community. PMID: 1633002 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 316. |
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| 317. |
- Longnecker, MP, et al.
(författare)
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The reproducibility and validity of a self-administered semiquantitative food frequency questionnaire in subjects from South Dakota and Wyoming
- 1993
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Ingår i: Epidemiology. ; 4, s. 356-365
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Department of Epidemiology, UCLA School of Public Health 90024-1772. Most validation studies of food frequency questionnaires have been done in populations capable of reporting their diet with unusual accuracy. In this study of ranchers and subjects selected at random, we compared nutrient intakes as assessed with multiple diet records with those assessed with a self-administered food frequency questionnaire (the Harvard-Willett instrument with 116 food items). One hundred thirty-eight subjects from South Dakota and Wyoming, 64 males and 74 females, completed at least one food frequency questionnaire and multiple 1-day diet records (mean = 5 days) during a 6-month to 1-year period. Of invited subjects, 88% participated; 59% of participants had a high school education or less. For 22 dietary nutrients (excluding supplements) and alcohol, the median crude correlation between intakes based on diet records and the food frequency questionnaire completed before the diet records was 0.42; after adjustment for energy, age, and sex, and after correction for attenuation in the correlation coefficients due to error from a limited number of diet records, the median correlation was 0.52. Correlations for men and women were similar. The validity of the food frequency questionnaire in this population was similar to that reported previously and supports the use of self-administered food frequency questionnaires in studies of general populations. PMID: 8347747 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE]
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| 318. |
- Lönn, Malin, 1959, et al.
(författare)
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Adipocyte size predicts incidence of type 2 diabetes in women
- 2010
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Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - 1530-6860. ; 24:1, s. 326-331
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Enlarged subcutaneous abdominal adipocytes have been shown to predict incidence of type 2 diabetes (T2D) in the Pima population of Arizona (USA). We investigated the role of subcutaneous abdominal adipocyte size (AAS), as well as femoral adipocyte size (FAS), as predictors of T2D in a population-based Swedish cohort. In 1974-1975, a sample of 1302 middle-aged women underwent a health examination, including anthropometry and evaluation of parental medical history. In addition, body composition (total body potassium and total body water), AAS and FAS (adipose tissue needle biopsy) were assessed in a subsample of 245 women. Incidence of T2D was followed until 2001, with 36 cases eligible for inclusion in this analysis. Women developing T2D had larger AAS at baseline vs. women remaining healthy (age/heredity-adjusted hazard ratio for increase of AAS by 1 sd [AAS-HR] 1.91; P<0.001). Further adjustment for both body fat percentage and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) indicated a robust association. For FAS, the corresponding associations were consistently weaker. WHtR retained a strong predictive association independent of AAS and FAS (WHtR-HR 2.6 and 2.7, respectively; P<0.001). To conclude, in addition to the amount and distribution of body fat in women, subcutaneous adipocyte size, particularly in the abdominal region, predicts incidence of T2D in later life.
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| 319. |
- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Childhood obesity and prevention in different socio-economic contexts
- 2011
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Ingår i: Preventive medicine. - : Elsevier. - 0091-7435 .- 1096-0260. ; 53:6, s. 402-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To assess recent trends in obesity, health beliefs, and lifestyles in Swedish schoolchildren, with focus on socioeconomic disparities. The study was conducted in two areas with high and low socioeconomic status (SES). 340 11-12 year olds participated in three cross-sectional surveys assessing food-related behaviours, physical activity and health beliefs, together with anthropometric examinations. Comparisons were made before and after a community-based intervention (2003 versus 2008) within the low-SES school, and between the low and high-SES school (2008 only). In the low-SES school BMI z-score decreased over 5 years (0.80 vs 0.46) as did the percentage of children frequently consuming sweet drinks (43.5 vs 26.8%), statistically significant in girls only (p<0.05). Children increasingly perceived benefits of healthy life-styles (37 vs 55%). In 2008, consumption of breakfast, vegetables, sweets and sweet drinks differed between schools, as did screen-time and physical activity, all in favour of the high SES-school where the obesity-prevalence was significantly lower (0.8 vs 6.7%). Positive changes in diet and weight status were observed, especially in girls, within a low-income multi-ethnic community undergoing a health promotion intervention. Our results underscore the multifactorial etiology of childhood obesity and the importance of continuing tailored, gender-sensitive prevention efforts.
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| 320. |
- Magnusson, Maria B, 1957, et al.
(författare)
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Health Equilibrium Initiative: a public health intervention to narrow the health gap and promote a healthy weight in Swedish children
- 2014
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Ingår i: Bmc Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Inequity in health is a global concern. Even in Sweden there are considerable health gaps between different social groups, not least concerning life-style related conditions. Interventions drawing on Community-based participatory research (CBPR) have potential to build prerequisites for complex, supportive structures that constitute basis for implementation of sustainable health promoting programs. CBPR rests on principles of empowerment. The researchers are responsible for the scientific quality and that ethical standards are met. Health Equilibrium Initiative (HEI) aims at narrowing the health gap and promoting healthy weight in children; "healthy weight" including both anthropometric criteria and aspects having to do with self-esteem and self-efficacy. Evaluation objectives are to compare outcome between children in intervention and control areas, conduct health economic assessments (HEA) and evaluate the processes of the project. Methods/design: HEI is a repeated cross-sectional and longitudinal study. The Program Logic Model is based on Social Cognitive Theory and Intervention Mapping. Primary contact groups are children in disadvantaged communities. Core efforts are to confirm and convey knowledge, elucidate and facilitate on-going health work and support implementation of continuous health work. Socioeconomic status is assessed on area level by the parameters yearly average income, degree of employment, tertiary education and percent of inhabitants born in countries where violent conflicts recently have taken place or were ongoing. Anthropometry, food patterns, physical activity and belief in ability to affect health; together with learning, memory and attention assessment will be assessed in 350 children (born 2006). Examinations will be repeated after two years, forming the basis of a health economic analysis. The process evaluation procedure will use document analysis (such as structured reports from meetings and dialogues, school/workplaces policies and curriculum, food service menus); key informant interviews and focus groups with parents, children and professionals. Discussion: Inviting, awaiting and including local perspectives create mutual confidence and collaboration. Enhanced self-efficacy and access to relevant knowledge has potential to enable individuals and communities to choose alternatives that are relevant for their health and well-being in a long perspective. The economic of this study may contribute in decision-making processes regarding appropriate public health interventions.
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