| 26791. |
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| 26792. |
- Panetti, Ettore, 1981-
(författare)
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Essays on the Economics of Banks and Markets
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis consists of three essays.The first essay, “A Theory of Bank Illiquidity and Default with Hidden Trades”, develops a theory of banking to explore how the availability of trading opportunities for both banks and individual investors affects the link between illiquidity and default in the financial system. The results show that default emerges only in the presence of systemic risk, and when an unpredicted crisis hits the economy. Moreover, in contrast to the previous literature, default is not an efficient outcome of the economy.The second essay, “Financial Liberalization with Hidden Trades”, studies how the availability of unregulated market-based channels for the circulation of liquidity in the financial system affects the process of financial integration, and the efficiency of the corresponding equilibrium, in a two-country economy with comparative advantages. The results show that the only level of integration which the two countries are able to coordinate is the one where the two banking systems are autarkic, but international hidden trades are possible. Moreover, the resulting consumption allocation is constrained efficient.The third essay, “Bank Liquidity, Stock Market Participation, and Economic Growth”, develops a dynamic growth model with fully microfounded banks and markets to explain the observed decreasing trend in the relative liquidity of many financial systems around the world. The main result characterizes the threshold after which the agents in the economy are rich enough to access the market, where the relative liquidity is lower, and shows that the relative liquidity of the whole financial system (banks and markets) drops because of the increasing market participation. Some evidence consistent with this theoretical prediction is provided: a one-unit increase in an index of securities market liberalization leads to a drop in the relative liquidity of between 13 and 22 per cent.
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| 26793. |
- Pang, Ying, 1985-
(författare)
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Factor-Augmented Forecasting for High-Dimensional Data
- 2016
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In this thesis, we take a critical look at the factor-augmented forecast models, when a large number of time series variables available can provide the vital information for prediction. We discuss how to describe the commonality and idiosyncrasy of high-dimensional data by a handful of factors in various levels, and how to improve the predictive performance using these factors as augmented predictors. Moreover, this thesis consists of two papers. In the first paper, we propose an extended factor-augmented vector autoregression for macroeconomic forecasting, which models the joint dynamics of the variables to be forecast, factor components and a large number of observed predictors, and we construct the forecasts based on estimated model using least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) together with cross validation as model validation technique. In the second paper, we analyze the regional population dynamics for several ungulate species, and forecast the population abundance using multi-level factors as augmented predictors. In summary, the improvement of predictive performance can be achieved in both two papers.
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| 26794. |
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Pangs of love and longing : configurations of desire in premodern literature
- 2013
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The complex relationship between psychic structures, social norms, and aesthetic representations is a challenge for every analysis of the historical manifestations of human desire. Pangs of Love and Longing: Configurations of Desire in Premodern Literature sets out to provide a deeper understanding of this relation by an assessment of linguistic and artistic configurations of desire in European literature from Antiquity to the Early Modern period. The aim is to explore historic continuities and ruptures in attitudes towards sexuality, pleasures and bodies, as these are represented in a variety of cultural forms, in order to demonstrate the plurality of premodern desire – and, ultimately, to offer fresh perspectives on our present reality. The seventeen scholars participating in the anthology bring together theories and assessments from different areas of the Humanities – German, French, Italian, Spanish, English, and Comparative Literature, History of Ideas and of Art, Theology, Philosophy and Gender Studies. They are all engaged in cross-disciplinary activities at universities in Sweden, Norway and Denmark, and they all participate in the Scandinavian network “Configurations of Desire in Premodern Literature” initiated in 2010.
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| 26795. |
- Panican, Alexandru, et al.
(författare)
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Svensk gymnasial yrkesutbildning - en framgångsfaktor för en effektiv övergång från skola till arbetsliv eller kejsarens nya kläder?
- 2019
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Syftet med forskningsrapporten är att bilda ett sammanhållet kunskapsläge över svensk gymnasial yrkesutbildning (skolförlagda yrkesprogram och lärlingsutbildning) som omfattar både forskning och regionala såväl som lokala satsningar för att stärka yrkesutbildningen. Forskningsrapporten omfattar två delar: (del 1) en kunskapssammanställning över den forskning som har bedrivits om gymnasial yrkesutbildning sedan 2011 då den senaste gymnasiereformen (Gy11) sjösattes och (del 2) en lägesrapport över aktuella satsningar (samverkan omfattande institutionella arrangemang mellan olika parter) på regional och lokal nivå för att förbättra yrkesutbildningen. Gymnasieskolans individnytta och samhällsnytta kan inte nog betonas. Utifrån de statliga publikationer, forskningsresultat (byggda på drygt 330 källor) och statistiska uppgifter som lyfts fram i denna forskningsrapport kan en huvudsaklig slutsats dras om att de flesta intentioner som ligger till grund för Gy11 gällande den gymnasiala yrkesutbildningen inte har infriats. Två positiva utvecklingar sedan lanseringen av Gy11 framträder i forskningsrapporten: andelen elever som avslutar gymnasieutbildningen med examen inom 3 år har ökat (och då mest bland yrkeselever) samt den sociala snedrekryteringen har (enligt statistiska uppgifter dock ej enligt forskning som fokuserar kunskapsinnehållet i utbildningen) minskat på samtliga yrkesprogram sedan läsåret 2011/12. Samtidigt har Gy11 reproducerat könsstrukturer och klasskillnader, ökat skolsegregation och underbyggt bristande likvärdighet samt minskat attraktionskraften för yrkesutbildning. Samverkan mellan skola och arbetsliv fortsätter vara av en bristande karaktär och yrkesutbildningar har en otillräcklig arbetslivsanknytning. Med utgångpunkt i de politiska ambitioner som fanns med Gy11 kan det konstateras att reformen är på de flesta punkter ettmisslyckande och utgör ett skolexempel på en reform som reproducerar och även förstärker det som avsågs åtgärdas.
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| 26796. |
- Pansell, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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Principles and arguments for the teaching of rational numbers in different contexts
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers do not solely determine how a mathematics content matter is taught. Rather, this determination takes place within different contexts, which teachers need to negotiate. To understand how a teacher’s teaching of rational numbers was enabled and constrained by surrounding contexts I studied four contexts, where a teacher group, textbooks and the national curriculum constituted parts of an ecology of a teacher’s teaching practice. I drew on Chevallard and ATD to analyse the technology of didactic praxeologies. In this analysis, inferred arguments for how rational numbers should be taught in terms of how sub-constructs of rational numbers were distributed within the different contexts. To analyse the theory of didactic praxeologies, traces of principles were inferred, using Bishop’s mathematical values as a framework. These analyses showed a very homogenous ecology, where the four contexts privileged the similar aspects of rational numbers and the same mathematical values. Seeing how aspects of rational numbers were expressed in relation to teaching activities, it was possible to discuss how the privileged mathematical values may have affected how rational numbers were presented and dealt with. If the principles and arguments that generate teaching activities are privileged the same way in several contexts, we need to include a broader context than teachers’ classrooms in professional development strategies. Teachers need to engage in other sources than textbooks and official curricula and to have the opportunities to discuss the political dimension of their teaching practice as well as how other contexts influence the teaching of specific content matter.
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| 26797. |
- Pansell, Anna, 1975-
(författare)
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The Ecology of Mary’s Mathematics Teaching : Tracing Co-determination within School Mathematics Practices
- 2018
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Teachers’ mathematics teaching has been studied in many different ways. Such studies not often include more contexts than the teacher’s teaching practice. An assumption in this thesis is that in order to create a deeper understanding of mathematics teachers’ teaching we also need to study the contexts around mathematics teachers, and in relation to each other. Together such contexts create an environment for teachers’ teaching. The determination of how mathematics is taught is not decided in any of the contexts alone. Rather, all contexts participate in the determination of how mathematics is taught and teachers need to negotiate how different contexts privilege both mathematics and mathematics education. In this study, I have studied one teacher’s, Mary’s, teaching practice as well as three contexts from her close environment, the teacher group she participated in, the textbooks she used, and the national curriculum she was bound to follow. To study how mathematics and mathematics teaching was privileged in the four studied contexts became a way to trace how the contexts participate in the determination, in short, their co-determination of how mathematics is taught.With an aim to deepen the understanding of how the environment of a teacher’s teaching enables and constrains mathematics teaching, the four contexts were studied in relation to each other in different ways, in four studies. First, the context of Mary’s mathematics teaching was studied in relation to the teacher group in how the justifications of Mary’s mathematics teaching was constituted in relation to a teacher group discussion. Second, Mary’s teaching of problem-solving was studied in relation to how problem-solving was privileged in both mathematics textbook and national curriculum. Third, praxeology was explored as an analytical tool to understand how mathematics was privileged in teaching practice in relation to the privileging of mathematics in textbooks. Fourth, all four contexts were studied to trace arguments and principles for teaching rational numbers and how these enable and constrain the teaching of rational numbers.To address these different contexts, ATD as described by Chevallard was adopted. In ATD, the environment of contexts with influence of teachers’ practices, is described as an ecology with levels that co-determine each other. The studied contexts represented some of these levels of co-determination. The privileging of mathematics and mathematics teaching was studied from a varied data material. Data from Mary’s teaching practice was transcripts of classroom observations and interviews. Data from the teacher group was transcripts of teacher meetings. Data from the textbook context was the textbooks and teacher guides Mary used. Data from the context of the national curriculum was the mathematics syllabus accompanied with clarifying and explanatory comments.The analyses revealed a strong resemblance of the mathematical communication between the different contexts. They all emphasised similar approaches to problem-solving, aspects of rational numbers, mathematical values, or explanations of angles. Mary, however, anchored her arguments for mathematics teaching in partially different theoretical principles than those privileged in the ecology. Theoretical principles were not explicitly communicated in any context. They were inferred from the communication. An implication generated by these findings is the importance for teachers to engage in the principles behind the privileging expressed in contexts they need to negotiate. These principles need to be discussed and challenged. Another implication is the relevance of allowing for teachers to engage in research literature, and to have influences from other sources than their immediate contexts. The thesis also point to the need to study textbooks and national curriculum, not in terms of how they are enacted by teachers, but what they privilege. By doing so teachers practices may be understood in the sense of what teachers have to negotiate, where the consequence is a deeper understanding of constraints and affordances for teachers’ teaching practices.
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| 26798. |
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| 26799. |
- Pantazopoulou, Marina, 1983-
(författare)
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Protein Quality Control at the Inner Nuclear Membrane – The Asi complex in Saccharomyces cerevisiae
- 2016
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The nuclear envelope is a barrier comprised of outer and inner membranes that separate the cytoplasm from the nucleoplasm. The outer (ONM) and inner (INM) membranes have different physical characteristics and protein compositions. In contrast to the extensive data available on the protein quality control processes operating in the cytoplasm, endoplasmic reticulum and the nucleoplasm, the mechanisms controlling protein turnover at the INM are poorly documented. The work presented in this thesis focuses on Asi1, Asi2 and Asi3, three bona-fide integral INM proteins of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. By contrast to mammalian cells, yeast progress through the cell cycle with a closed mitosis, that is cells divide in the absence of the cyclical fragmentation/reassembly of the nuclear membrane. Consequently, examining the processes affecting the stability of the Asi proteins in yeast may provide useful paradigms for understanding the turnover of INM components in non-dividing, terminally differentiated and post-mitotic cells of metazoan origin.The results have contributed to the elucidation of the biological function of Asi1 and Asi3, which are homologous proteins with C-terminal RING domains. Asi1 and Asi3 function together as a dimeric E3 ubiquitin ligase complex that operates with ubiquitin conjugating enzymes Ubc6 and Ubc7. The Asi1/3 complex ubiquitylates transcription factors Stp1 and Stp2 when they gain inappropriate access to the nucleus in the absence of SPS-sensor activation. Intriguingly, the Asi1/3 complex also mediates the turnover of multiple membrane proteins that primarily localize to other cell membranes. This latter finding indicates that the barrier function of nuclear pore complexes is not as tight as previously thought. Consistently, asi1 null mutations are synthetic lethal when introduced into hrd1Δ ire2Δ cells with compromised ER-associated degradation (ERAD) and unfolded protein response (UPR) pathways. Together the results define Asi1/3 as components of a novel quality control pathway operating in association with the INM that acts to safeguard the identity and maintain the function of the nuclear compartment. Asi1 and Asi2 exhibit rapid turnover and their turnover is ubiquitin-dependent, exhibiting a clear requirement for Ubc7. The ubiquitylated forms of Asi1 and Asi2 are degraded by nuclear-localized proteasomes; the ubiquitylated forms exhibit enhanced stability in sts1-2 mutants. Asi1 turnover requires Cue1, the AAA ATPase Cdc48 and co-factor Ubx1. Asi1 turnover occurs unimpeded in cells lacking a functional Asi1/3 complex and in cells lacking Doa10, an E3 ligase complex also known to function at the INM. Consequently, Asi1 is subject to a quality control pathway associated with INM but that is distinct from the Asi1/3 and Doa10 INM- associated degradative (INMAD) pathways. This thesis documents work that clearly demonstrates that the INM is a highly dynamic structure that possesses multiple and active quality control pathways.
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| 26800. |
- Papadogiannakis, Seméli, 1989-
(författare)
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Properties of Type Ia Supernovae : From the (intermediate) Palomar Transient Factory
- 2019
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Type Ia Supernovae (SNe) have been used to discover the accelerated expansion of the universe but many open questions remain unanswered. These include the stellar progenitor, extinction and possible systematic trends in the supernova brightness for different host galaxy environments or cosmic time. In this thesis we attempt to address these open questions by looking at a large homogeneous sample of nearby SNe from the Palomar Transient Factory (2009-2012) and the intermediate Palomar Transient Factory (2013-2017) for which we have 265 well-observed light-curves in the R-band and 2981 spectra from a total of 2060 SNe.In Paper I we study the global properties of the R-band light-curves, such as rise-time, stretch and intrinsic brightness at different SN phases, to examine if there are multiple populations in any of the parameters suggesting different progenitor channels. We do not find evidence supporting this. We characterize the second maximum in the R-band in Paper II and find a correlation between the time from light-curve maximum, and the "colour-stretch" parameter, a proxy for 56Ni mass. We also found that the integrated flux under the second maximum, correlates with the transparency timescale, a proxy for total ejecta mass. Using these two relations we find that sub-Chandrasekhar double detonation models can account for the biggest fraction of the PTF/iPTF SNe light-curves properties. In Paper III we present the spectroscopic sample of PTF/iPTF and using automatic machine learning tools to explore spectral features and possible connection to photometric and host galaxy properties.Paper IV focuses on a small sample of SNe, with multi-wavelength light-curves, to address one of the most important systematic uncertainties in supernova cosmology: extinction by dust in the line-of-sights. We found a diversity in the reddening laws as characterised by the total-to-selective extinction, RV. Finally, Paper V looks at a strongly lensed SNIa at z=1.4 to see if there is evolution of its spectral and photometric properties over cosmic time. Both Paper IV and Paper V use the code developed for Paper III to analyse spectra.
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