| 61. |
- Barklin, Anne, et al.
(författare)
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Alteration of Neuropeptides in the Lung Tissue Correlates Brain Death-Induced Neurogenic Edema
- 2009
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Ingår i: JOURNAL OF HEART AND LUNG TRANSPLANTATION. - : Elsevier BV. - 1053-2498 .- 1557-3117. ; 28:7, s. 725-732
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: increased intracranial pressure induces neurogenic pulmonary edema (NPE), potentially explaining why only lungs from less than 20% of brain dead organ donors can be used for transplantation. This study investigated the underlying mechanisms of NPE, focusing on neuropeptides, which potently induce vasoconstriction, vasodilatation, and neurogenic inflammation. Methods: Brain death was induced in 10 pigs by increasing the intracranial pressure. Eight additional pigs served as controls. Neuropeptide Y (NPY), calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), and substance P were analyzed in plasma, bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid, and homogenized lung tissue 6 hours after brain death. Pulmonary oxygen exchange was estimated using partial pressure of arterial oxygen (Pao(2))/fraction of inspired oxygen (FIO2), and pulmonary edema by wet/dry weight ratio. Results: Brain death induced a decrease in PaO2/FIO2 (P less than 0.001) and increased the wet/dry weight of both apical (p = 0.01) and basal lobes (p = 0.03). NPY and CGRP concentrations were higher in the BAL fluid of brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.02 and p = 0.02) and were positively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. NPY content in lung tissue was lower in brain-dead animals compared with controls (p = 0.04) and was negatively correlated with the wet/dry weight ratio. There were no differences in substance P concentrations between the groups. Conclusion: NPY was released from the lung tissue of brain-dead pigs, and its concentration was related to the extent of pulmonary edema. NPY may be one of several crucial mediators of neurogenic pulmonary edema, raising the possibility of treatment with NPY-antagonists to increase the number of available lung donors.
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| 62. |
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| 63. |
- Bergdahl, Björn, et al.
(författare)
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In the Forefront of Development:The New Undergraduate Medical Curriculu
- 2006. - 1
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Ingår i: Celebrating the Past by Expanding the Future: The Faculty of Health Science, Linköping University 1986–2006. - Linköping : Linköping University Electronic Press. - 9185643076 ; , s. 98-102
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 64. |
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| 65. |
- Bjellerup, P, et al.
(författare)
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Limited neuropeptide Y precursor processing in unfavourable metastatic neuroblastoma tumours
- 2000
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Ingår i: British Journal of Cancer. - 0007-0920 .- 1532-1827. ; 83:2, s. 171-176
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Neuropeptide Y (NPY) is found at high concentrations in neural crest-derived tumours and has been implicated as a regulatory peptide in tumour growth and differentiation. Neuroblastomas, ganglioneuromas and phaeochromocytomas with significant concentrations of NPY-like immunoreactivity were investigated for different molecular forms of NPY and for significance of proNPY processing. Gel-permeation chromatography identified intact NPY (1-36) in all tumours, whereas proNPY (69 amino acids) was detected only in control adrenal tissue and malignant neuroblastomas. Purification of NPY-like immunoreactivity in tumour extracts and structural characterization revealed that both NPY (1-36) and the truncated form NPY (3-36) was present. The degree of processing of proNPY to NPY in tumour tissue was lower in advanced neuroblastomas with regional or metastatic spread (stage 3 and 4) (n = 6), (41%, 12-100%, median, range), compared to the less aggressive stage 1, 2 and 4S tumours (n = 12), (93%, 69-100%), (P = 0.012). ProNPY processing of less than 50% was correlated with poor clinical outcome (P = 0.004). MYCN oncogene amplification was also correlated to a low degree of proNPY processing (P = 0.025). In summary, a low degree of proNPY processing was correlated to clinical advanced stage and poor outcome in neuroblastomas. ProNPY/NPY processing generated molecular forms of NPY with known differences in NPY-receptor selectivity, implicating a potential for in vivo modulation of NPY-like effects in tumour tissue. (C) 2000 Cancer Research Campaign.
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| 66. |
- Bjerner, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Non-parametric estimation of reference intervals in small non-Gaussian sample sets
- 2009
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Ingår i: ACCREDITATION AND QUALITY ASSURANCE. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0949-1775 .- 1432-0517. ; 14:4, s. 185-192
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed at validating common bootstrap algorithms for reference interval calculation.We simulated 1500 random sets of 50-120 results originating from eight different statistical distributions. In total, 97.5 percentile reference limits were estimated from bootstrapping 5000 replicates, with confidence limits obtained by: (a) normal, (b) from standard error, (c) bootstrap percentile (as in RefVal) (d) BCa, (e) basic, or (f) student methods. Reference interval estimates obtained with ordinary bootstrapping and confidence intervals by percentile method were accurate for distributions close to normality and devoid of outliers, but not for log-normal distributions with outliers. Outlier removal and transformation to normality improved reference interval estimation, and the basic method was superior in such cases. In conclusions, if the neighborhood of the relevant percentile contains non-normally distributed results, bootstrapping fails. The distribution of bootstrap estimates should be plotted, and a non-normal distribution should warrant transformation or outlier removal.
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| 67. |
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| 68. |
- Borud, Einar Kristian, et al.
(författare)
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The Acupuncture on Hot Flushes Among Menopausal Women (ACUFLASH) study, a randomized controlled trial
- 2009
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Ingår i: MENOPAUSE-THE JOURNAL OF THE NORTH AMERICAN MENOPAUSE SOCIETY. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 1072-3714. ; 16:3, s. 484-493
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: This study compared the effectiveness of individualized acupuncture plus self-care versus self-care alone on hot flashes and health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women. Methods: This study involved a multicenter, pragmatic, randomized, controlled trial with two parallel arms. Participants were postmenopausal women experiencing, on average, seven or more hot flashes per 24 hours during seven consecutive days. The acupuncture group received 10 acupuncture treatment sessions and advice on self-care, and the control group received advice on self-care only. The frequency and severity (0-10 scale) of hot flashes were registered in a diary. Urine excretion of calcitonin gene-related peptide was assessed at baseline and after 12 weeks. The primary endpoint was change in mean hot flash frequency from baseline to 12 weeks. The secondary endpoint was change in health-related quality of life measured by the Womens Health Questionnaire. Results: Hot flash frequency decreased by 5.8 per 24 hours in the acupuncture group (n = 134) and 3.7 per 24 hours in the control group (n = 133), a difference of 2.1 (P < 0.001). Hot flash intensity decreased by 3.2 units in the acupuncture group and 1.8 units in the control group, a difference of 1.4 (P < 0.001). The acupuncture group experienced statistically significant improvements in the vasomotor, sleep, and somatic symptoms dimensions of the Womens Health Questionnaire compared with the control group. Urine calcitonin gene-related peptide excretion remained unchanged from baseline to week 12. Conclusions: Acupuncture plus self-care can contribute to a clinically relevant reduction in hot flashes and increased health-related quality of life in postmenopausal women.
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| 69. |
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| 70. |
- Bracci-Laudiero, Luisa, et al.
(författare)
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NGF modulates CGRP synthesis in human B-lymphocytes : A possible anti-inflammatory action of NGF?
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Neuroimmunology. - 0165-5728 .- 1872-8421. ; 123:1-2, s. 58-65
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigated whether the sensory neuropeptide, calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), could be synthesised by human lymphocytes. Our results indicate that in activated B-cells, there is a strong expression of CGRP gene transcripts, which is almost absent in resting cells. Since B-cells autocrinally produce NGF, the neutralisation of endogenous NGF by anti-NGF antibodies resulted in a marked reduction in CGRP expression in both resting and activated B-cells. Thus, NGF appears to directly affect the synthesis of CGRP in B-cells as in sensory neurons. By regulating CGRP synthesis in lymphocytes and neuronal cells, NGF can influence the intensity and duration of the immune response. ⌐ 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.
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