| 1. |
- Bagdadi, Omar, et al.
(author)
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Jerky driving : an indicator of accident proneness?
- 2011
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In: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 43:4, s. 1359-1363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study uses continuously logged driving data from 166 private cars to derive the level of jerks caused by the drivers during everyday driving. The number of critical jerks found in the data is analysed and compared with the self-reported accident involvement of the drivers. The results show that the expected number of accidents for a driver increases with the number of critical jerks caused by the driver. Jerk analyses make it possible to identify safety critical driving behaviour or “accident prone” drivers. They also facilitate the development of safety measures such as active safety systems or advanced driver assistance systems, ADAS, which could be adapted for specific groups of drivers or specific risky driving behaviour.
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| 2. |
- Mourad, Khaldoon A., et al.
(author)
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Potential fresh water saving using greywater in toilet flushing in Syria.
- 2011
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In: Journal of Environmental Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0301-4797 .- 1095-8630. ; 92:10, s. 2447-2453
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Greywater reuse is becoming an increasingly important factor for potable water saving in many countries. Syria is one of the most water scarce countries in the Middle East. However, greywater reuse is still not common in the country. Regulations and standards for greywater reuse are not available. Recently, however, several stakeholders have started to plan for greywater reuse. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the potential for potable water saving by using greywater for toilet flushing in a typical Syrian city. The Sweida city in the southern part of Syria was chosen for this purpose. Interviews were made in order to reflect the social acceptance, water consumption, and the percentage of different indoor water uses. An artificial wetland (AW) and a commercial bio filter (CBF) were proposed to treat the greywater, and an economic analysis was performed for the treatment system. Results show that using treated greywater for toilet flushing would save about 35% of the drinking water. The economic analyses of the two proposed systems showed that, in the current water tariff, the payback period for AW and CBF in block systems is 7 and 52 years, respectively. However, this period will reduce to 3 and 21 years, respectively, if full water costs are paid by beneficiaries. Hence, introducing artificial wetlands in order to make greywater use efficient appears to be a viable alternative to save potable water.
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| 3. |
- Said, Safwat F., et al.
(author)
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Prediction of flow rutting in asphalt concrete layers
- 2011
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In: The international journal of pavement engineering. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 1029-8436 .- 1477-268X. ; 12:6, s. 519-532
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper evaluates an approach for predicting rut formation in asphalt concrete (AC) layers. The approach is based on a linear viscoelastic model for predicting permanent vertical strain in AC layers subjected to a moving load. The input data are tyre pressure, loading speed, lateral wandering of loading wheel, shear modulus and phase angle of AC layer. The analytical approach takes into consideration the change in material characteristics in respect of temperature and changes in the air void content of AC layers due to repeated loading. The approach is verified by a full-scale accelerated loading test at different temperatures. The approach has shown good agreement as regards the prediction of flow rutting in AC layers. In addition, the approach is capable of calculating rutting profiles including the upheaval, which is important for estimating rut depth.
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| 4. |
- Svenson, Ola, et al.
(author)
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Judgments of mean speed and predictions of route choice
- 2011
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In: Transportation Research Part F. - : Elsevier BV. - 1369-8478 .- 1873-5517. ; 14:6, s. 504-511
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- How are driving speeds integrated when speeds vary along a route? In a first study, we examined heuristic processes used in judgments of mean speed when the mean speeds on parts of the trip varied. The judgments deviated systematically from objective mean speeds because the distances driven at different speeds were given more weight than travel time spent on the different distances. The second study showed that when there was a 10-15 min pause during a travel the effect on the mean speed decrease was underestimated for driving speeds of 90 km/h and higher. In the third study, the objective mean speeds and the subjective biased mean speed judgments were used to predict choices between routes with different speed limits. The results showed that subjective judgments predicted decisions to maximize mean speed significantly better than objective mean speeds. Finally, some applied and basic research implications of the results were discussed.
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