| 1. |
- Alenljung, Beatrice
(författare)
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Decision-making in the Requirements Engineering Process : A Human-centred Approach
- 2005
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Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Complex decision-making is a prominent aspect of requirements engineering and the need for improved decision support for requirements engineers has been identified by a number of authors. A first step toward better decision support in requirements engineering is to understand decision-makers’ complex decision situations. To gain a holistic perspective of the decision situation from a decision-makers perspective, a decision situation framework has been created. The framework evolved through a literature analysis of decision support systems and decision-making theories. The decision situation of requirements engineers has been studied at Ericsson Microwave Systems and is described in this thesis. Aspects of decision situations are decision matters, decision-making activities, and decision processes. Another aspect of decision situations is the factors that affect the decision-maker. A number of interrelated factors have been identified. Each factor consists of problems and these are related to decision-making theories. The consequences of this for requirements engineering decision support, represented as a list that consists of desirable high-level characteristics, are also discussed.
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| 2. |
- Cäker, Mikael, 1972-
(författare)
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Management accounting as constructing and opposing customer focus : three case studies on management accounting and customer relations
- 2005
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This thesis is on the relation between management accounting and customer focus and relates to discussions about how internal managing processes in organizations are interrelated with interorganizational relations, specifically constructions of customers. Both a normative and a descriptive perspective on the relation are taken within the different parts of the thesis, which consists of a licentiate thesis, three articles and a synthesizing text. The purpose is to understand the interaction between management accounting and customer focus on operative levels in industrial organizations, where focus on customer has a central place. The results are also discussed with respect to its possible importance in the development of managing processes of organizations. The thesis is based on three cases, which have been studied with mainly a qualitative approach.In the licentiate thesis, traditional accounting models, originally developed to provide information for analyzing products, are revisited under the assumption that customers and products are equally interesting to analyze. The three articles explore the role of management accounting in interpreting customers and the interface to customers. In the first article, strong customer accountability is found to override the intentions from managers, as communicated through the accounting system. Arguments of how management accounting can be perceived as inaccurate then have a central place in motivating how customers are prioritized in a way not favored by managers. Furthermore, in the second article, customers are experienced as both catalysts and frustrators to change processes and changes in management accounting are found in eo-development with the different customer relations and how different customers prefer to communicate. The third article explores how coordination mechanisms operate in relation to each other in coordination of customer-supplier relationships. A strong market mechanism creates space for bureaucratic control and use of management accounting. However, the use of bureaucratic control in turn relies on social coordination between actors in order to function.These four parts are revisited and related to each other in a synthesizing part of the thesis. The relation between management accounting and customer focus is approached in two ways. Management accounting may construct customer focus, making it impossible to distinguish between the two. However, another interpretation of the relation is management accounting and customer focus as opposing logics, where management accounting represents hierarchical influence, homogeneous control processes and cost efficient operations, and customer focus represents customer influence, control processes adapted to the customer and customized operations.
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| 3. |
- Ebenman, Bo, 1953-, et al.
(författare)
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Using community viability analysis to identify fragile systems and keystone species
- 2005
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Ingår i: Trends in Ecology & Evolution. - : Elsevier BV. - 0169-5347 .- 1872-8383. ; 20:10, s. 568-575
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Owing to interdependences among species in ecological communities, the loss of one species can trigger a cascade of secondary extinctions with potentially dramatic effects on the functioning and stability of the community. It is, therefore, important to assess the risk and likely extent of secondary extinctions. Community viability analysis is a new technique that can be used to accomplish this goal. The analysis can also be used to identify fragile community structures and keystone species and, hence, to provide guidelines for conservation priorities. Here, we describe the principles underlying community viability analysis and review its contributions to our understanding of the response of ecological communities to species loss.
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| 4. |
- Grindal, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Combination Testing Strategies : A Survey
- 2005
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Ingår i: Software Testing, Verification, and Reliability. - : Wiley. - 0960-0833 .- 1099-1689. ; 15:3, s. 167-199
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Combination strategies are test case selection methods that identify test cases by combining values of the different test object input parameters based on some combinatorial strategy. This survey presents 16 different combination strategies, covering more than 40 papers that focus on one or several combination strategies. This collection represents most of the existing work performed on combination strategies. This survey describes the basic algorithms used by the combination strategies. Some properties of combination strategies, including coverage criteria and theoretical bounds on the size of test suites, are also included in this description. This survey paper also includes a subsumption hierarchy that attempts to relate the various coverage criteria associated with the identified combination strategies.
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| 5. |
- Mathiason, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Virtual Full Replication by Static Segmentation for Multiple Properties of Data Objects
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proc. of RTIS 2005. - Skövde : University of Skövde. - 9163173492 ; , s. 11-18
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We implement Virtual full replication for a distributed real-time database by segmenting the database on multiple data properties. Virtual full replication provides an image to the application of full replication in a partially replicated database, by replicating data to meet the actual data needs of the users of the data. This is useful since fully replicated real-time databases, that allow updates at all nodes, do not scale well as updates must be replicated to every other node for replica consistency, also to nodes where only a small share of the database will ever be used. We propose an algorithm that segments the database on multiple data properties without causing a combinatorial problem. We show, by analysis and an implementation, that scalability for such a system can be improved due to scalable resource usage, while application semantics of full replication is unchanged.
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| 6. |
- Olson, Maria, 1969-
(författare)
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The 'freedom of choice challenge' on equivalence - and the Swedish schools' assignment to bring up democratic citizens
- 2005
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Ingår i: A Nordic Dimension in Education and Research - Myth or Reality?.
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Among the different meanings of equivalence in Swedish Education policy in the 1990ies, one can be related to the concept of -freedom of choice-. Even though this relation doesn't contribute to a replacement of the historically more unambiguous meaning of equivalence, it coexists with it and represents a constant tension to it. This tension can be described in terms of a -freedom of choice challenge- on equivalence. In this text I aim to highlight this tension in relation to the Swedish schools-assignment to bring up democratic citizens in the early 1990ies. The question I try to answer is how can the freedom of choice challenge be considered to stand out in the political understanding of the schools- up bringing of democratic citizens in Sweden in the early 1990ies? I take my point of departure in some nationally encompassing Education policy texts.
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| 7. |
- Svensson, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Embodied Representation : What are the Issues
- 2005
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Ingår i: Proceedings of the 27th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society. - Mahwah, NJ : Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. - 9780976831815 ; , s. 2116-2121
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- A common theme of many discussions among embodied cognition researchers is whether or not cognition is making use of epresentations. This debate has recently been called a “debate for the sake of appearance” because there is no agreed upon way of identifying what is a representation. Therefore, instead of elaborating our own position on whether embodied cognition uses representation, we structure the debate by (1) reviewing three types of mechanisms in models of embodied cognition that might be considered candidates for epresentationhood and (2) outlining criteria for what is or is not a representation in embodied cognition.
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