| 1. |
- Andersson, S.-O., et al.
(author)
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The criteria nurses use in assessing acute trauma in military emergency care
- 2007
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In: Accident and Emergency Nursing. - : Elsevier BV. - 0965-2302 .- 1532-9267. ; 15:3, s. 148-156
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Emergency medical care for seriously injured patients in war or warlike situations is highly important when it comes to soldiers' survival and morale. The Swedish Armed Forces sends nurses, who have limited experience of caring for injured personnel in the field, on a variety of international missions. The aim of this investigation was to identify the kind of criteria nurses rely on when assessing acute trauma and what factors are affecting the emergency care of injured soldiers. A phenomenographic research approach based on interviews was used. The database for the study consists of twelve nurses who served in Bosnia in 1994-1996. The criteria nurses rely on, when assessing acute trauma in emergency care, could be described in terms of domain-specific criteria such as a physiological, an anatomical, a causal and a holistic approach as well as contextual criteria such as being able to communicate, having a sense of belonging, the military environment, the conscript medical orderly and familiarity with health-caring activity. The present study shows that the specific contextual factors affecting emergency care in the field must also be practised before the nurse faces military emergency care situations. This calls for realistic exercises and training programs, where experience from civilian emergency care is interwoven with the knowledge specific to military medical care. © 2007 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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| 2. |
- Cäker, Mikael
(author)
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Customer focus : An accountability dilemma
- 2007
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In: The European Accounting Review. - : Routledge. - 0963-8180 .- 1468-4497. ; 16:1, s. 143-171
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Customer-related measures are today often included in management accounting systems. In this paper, two situations are displayed where these measures are problematic to the managing process. The main argument of the paper is that customer accountability may serve to question demands for hierarchical accountability, as put forward in management accounting systems. The paper is based on a case study, in which two groups show strong customer accountability which is disturbing to the managing process. In the first group, socializing accountability processes to the customers override hierarchical accountability concerning delivery performance. In the second group, aligned accountability to customers and managers for customer-related measures override hierarchical demands for accountability for financial performance. The argument of the paper may be taken as a basis to question the broadening of management accounting to incorporate customer-related aspects. An organization needs to be managed in a balanced way. However, it should not be taken for granted that all aspects need to be incorporated into management accounting. With strong customer accountability, management accounting may need to be devoted to classical tasks of emphasizing financial performance and formalized processes.
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| 3. |
- Grindal, Mats
(author)
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Handling Combinatorial Explosion in Software Testing
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- In this thesis, the overall conclusion is that combination strategies, (i.e., test case selection methods that manage the combinatorial explosion of possible things to test), can improve the software testing in most organizations. The research underlying this thesis emphasizes relevance by working in close relationship with industry.Input parameter models of test objects play a crucial role for combination strategies. These models consist of parameters with corresponding parameter values and represent the input space and possibly other properties, such as state, of the test object. Test case selection is then defined as the selection of combinations of parameter values from these models.This research describes a complete test process, adapted to combination strategies. Guidelines and step-by-step descriptions of the activities in process are included in the presentation. In particular, selection of suitable combination strategies, input parameter modeling and handling of conflicts in the input parameter models are addressed. It is also shown that several of the steps in the test process can be automated.The test process is validated through a set of experiments and case studies involving industrial testers as well as actual test problems as they occur in industry. In conjunction with the validation of the test process, aspects of applicability of the combination strategy test process (e.g., usability, scalability and performance) are studied. Identification and discussion of barriers for the introduction of the combination strategy test process in industrial projects are also included.This research also presents a comprehensive survey of existing combination strategies, complete with classifications and descriptions of their different properties. Further, this thesis contains a survey of the testing maturity of twelve software-producing organizations. The data indicate low test maturity in most of the investigated organizations. Test managers are often aware of this but have trouble improving. Combination strategies are suitable improvement enablers, due to their low introduction costs.
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| 4. |
- Grindal, Mats, et al.
(author)
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Input Parameter Modeling for Combination Strategies
- 2007
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In: Proceedings of the IASTED International Conference on Software Engineering (SE2007), Feb 13-15, Innsbruck, Austria. - : ACTA Press. - 9780889866416 - 9780889866430 ; , s. 255-260
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Combination strategies are test methods that generate test cases based on input parameter models. This paper suggests a structured modeling method used to translate requirements expressed in a general format into an input parameter model suitable for combination strategies.This paper also describes results from two initial experiments exploring the efficiency and effectiveness of the modeling method. These results indicate that the resulting models may contain enough information to detect the vast majority of faults in the system under test. Further, results indicate that the modeling method is simple enough to use in practical testing.
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| 5. |
- Johansson, Anna, et al.
(author)
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Perceptions of how sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in patients with coronary heart disease : A phenomenographical study
- 2007
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In: Scandinavian Journal of Caring Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0283-9318 .- 1471-6712. ; 21:4, s. 467-475
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- A framework is needed for identifying internal and external factors essential for the nursing management of psychological supportive health care and education for patients' self-care in sleep. In order to generate more knowledge from the patient's perspective, the aim of this study was to describe how patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) perceive that their sleep is influenced by rest, activity and health in outpatient care. Qualitative interviews were performed with 33 outpatients. The data were analysed using a phenomenographic method. Three descriptive categories of the phenomenon were described: my lifestyle is reflected in my sleep behaviour, handling the practices around tiredness and sleep, and feelings of negative and positive efficacy. Feelings of tiredness, fatigue and sleepiness were different pre-sleep stages, but were also related to the patient's adaptation and recovery. Creating one's own personal time and feelings of efficacy gave an inner sense of strength which is indicated as being particularly important in managing stress and the demands of everyday life in a satisfactory manner. From a contextual, holistic perspective on health, it is important to identify the patient's needs, symptoms and intentional or unintentional self-care management strategies regarding sleep and lifestyle. To promote a positive health outcome it is essential to identify sleeplessness behaviour and perceived self-efficacy for self-care in sleep. © 2007 Nordic College of Caring Science.
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| 6. |
- Johansson, C. A., et al.
(author)
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A comparison of experiences of training emergency care in military exercises and competences among conscript nurses with different levels of education
- 2007
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In: Military Medicine. - : Association of Military Surgeons. - 0026-4075 .- 1930-613X. ; 172:10, s. 1046-1052
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The military emergency care education of nurses is primarily concerned with the treatment of soldiers with combat-related injuries. Even though great progress has been made in military medicine, there is still the pedagogical question of what emergency care education for military nurses should contain and how it should be taught. The aim of this study was to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education. A descriptive study was performed to describe and compare experiences of training emergency care in military exercises among conscript nurses with different levels of education in nursing. There were statistical differences between nurses with general nursing education and nurses with a general nursing education and supplementary education. A reasonable implication of the differences is that the curriculum must be designed differently depending on the educational background of the students. Hence, there is an interaction between background characteristics, e.g., the level of previous education and differences pertaining to clinical experience of the participants, and the impact of the exercise itself.
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| 7. |
- Lindblom, Jessica, 1969-
(author)
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Minding the Body : Interacting socially through embodied action
- 2007
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Doctoral thesis (other academic/artistic)abstract
- This dissertation clarifies the role and relevance of the body in social interaction and cognition from an embodied cognitive science perspective. Theories of embodied cognition have during the past two decades offered a radical shift in explanations of the human mind, from traditional computationalism which considers cognition in terms of internal symbolic representations and computational processes, to emphasizing the way cognition is shaped by the body and its sensorimotor interaction with the surrounding social and material world. This thesis develops a framework for the embodied nature of social interaction and cognition, which is based on an interdisciplinary approach that ranges historically in time and across different disciplines. The theoretical framework presents a thorough and integrated understanding that supports and explains the embodied nature of social interaction and cognition. It is argued that embodiment is the part and parcel of social interaction and cognition in the most general and specific ways, in which dynamically embodied actions themselves have meaning and agency. The framework is illustrated by empirical work that provides some detailed observational fieldwork on embodied actions captured in three different episodes of spontaneous social interaction in situ. Besides illustrating the theoretical issues discussed in the thesis, the empirical work also reveals some novel characteristics of embodied action in social interaction and cognition. Furthermore, the ontogeny of social interaction and cognition is considered, in which social scaffolding and embodied experience play crucial roles during child development. In addition, the issue what it would take for an artificial system to be (socially) embodied is discussed from the perspectives of cognitive modeling and technology. Finally, the theoretical contributions and implications of the study of embodied actions in social interaction and cognition for cognitive science and related disciplines are summed up. The practical relevance for applications to artificial intelligence and human-computer interaction is also outlined as well as some aspects for future work.
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| 8. |
- Mathiason, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Virtual Full Replication by Adaptive Segmentation
- 2007
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In: 13th IEEE International Conference on Embedded and Real-Time Computing Systems and Applications (RTCSA 2007). - Los Alamitos, California, USA : IEEE. - 9780769529752 - 0769529755 ; , s. 327-337
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We propose virtual full replication by adaptive segmentation (ViFuR-A), and evaluate its ability to maintain scalability in a replicated real-time database. With full replication and eventual consistency, transaction timeliness becomes independent of network delays for all transactions. However, full replication does not scale well, since all updates must be replicated to all nodes, also when data is needed only at a subset of the nodes. With virtual full replication that adapts to actual data needs, resource usage can be bounded and the database can be made scalable. We propose a scheme for adaptive segmentation that detects new data needs and adapts replication. The scheme includes an architecture, a scalable protocol and a replicated directory service that together maintains scalability. We show that adaptive segmentation bounds the required storage at a significantly lower level compared to static segmentation, for a typical workload where the data needs change repeatedly. Adaptation time can be kept constant for the workload when there are sufficient resources. Also, the storage is constant with an increasing amount of nodes and linear with an increasing rate of change to data needs.
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| 9. |
- Mathiason, Gunnar, et al.
(author)
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Virtual Full Replication for Wireless Sensor Networks
- 2007
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In: Proceedings work-in-progress session of the 19th Euromicro conference on Real-Time Systems (ECRTS 2007), 4-6 July, 2007, Pisa, Italy. - Skövde : Högskolan i Skövde. ; , s. 4-, s. 45-48
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Book chapter (other academic/artistic)abstract
- We propose to use a distributed real-time database with Virtual Full Replication by Adaptive Segmentation, for whiteboard communication in a sensor network with mobile sink nodes. Sensor networks are large scale applications with limited resources, so they need scalable propagation of sensor data, both to the users inside the network and to the network edges. Virtual full replication enables scalable and adaptive propagation of sensor data, by bounding resource usage to the current data needs. We use a two-tiered wireless sensor network, where each sensor value is published in the distributed database at gateways of the upper tier. Mobile users search for sensor data only at the gateways, which limits the search space.
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| 10. |
- Nohlberg, Marcus, et al.
(author)
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User-centered security applied to the development of a management information system
- 2007
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In: Information Management & Computer Security. - : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 0968-5227 .- 1758-5805. ; 15:5, s. 372-381
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – This paper aims to use user-centred security development of a prototype graphical interface for a management information system dealing with information security with upper-level management as the intended users.Design/methodology/approach – The intended users were studied in order to understand their needs. An iterative design process was used where the designs were first made on paper, then as a prototype interface and later as a final interface design. All was tested by subjects within the target user group.Findings – The interface was perceived as being successful by the test subjects and the sponsoring organization, Siguru. The major conclusion of the study is that managers use knowledge of information security mainly for financial and strategic matters which focus more on risk issues than security issues. To facilitate the need of managers the study presents three heuristics for the design of management information security system interfaces.Research limitations/implications – This interface was tested on a limited set of users and further tests could be done, especially of users with other cultural/professional backgrounds.Practical implications – This paper presents a useful set of heuristics that can be used in development of management information systems as well as other practical tips for similar projects.Originality/value – This paper gives an example of a successful user-centred security development process. The lessons learned could be beneficial in software development in general and security products in particular.
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