| 31631. |
- Pihl, Erik, 1981, et al.
(författare)
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Energy supply
- 2019
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Ingår i: Exponential Roadmap Scaling up 36 solutions to halve emissions by 2030.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The 2019 Exponential Roadmap focuses on moving from incremental to exponential climate action in the next decade. It presents 36 economically- viable solutions to cut global greenhouse gas emissions 50% by 2030 and the strategies to scale this transformation. The roadmap is consistent with the Paris Agreement’s goal to keep global average temperature “well below 2°C” and aiming for 1.5°C above pre- industrial levels. The 2019 roadmap is the second in the series. Each new roadmap updates solutions that have proven potential to scale and charts progress towards exponential scaling. The roadmap, based on the carbon law (see box) is a collaboration between academia, business and civil society. The roadmap is complemented with a high-ambition narrative, Meeting the 1.5°C Ambition, that presents the case why holding global average temperature increase to just 1.5°C above pre-industrial levels is important. Since the first roadmap, the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) published its special report on 1.5°C. The report concluded that the economic and humanitarian risks of a 2°C world are significantly higher than 1.5°C. The remaining emissions budget for 1.5°C is small, and will be exceeded within ten to fifteen years at current emission rates. The window of feasibility is closing rapidly. The global economic benefit of a low-carbon future is estimated at US$26 trillion by 2030 compared with staying on the current high-carbon pathway. The scale of transformation – halving emissions by 2030 – is unprecedented but the speed is not. Some cities and companies can transform significantly faster. Developed nations with significant historic emissions have a responsibility to reduce emissions faster. Greenhouse gas emissions, and the solutions to reduce them, are grouped by six sectors: energy, industry, transport, buildings, food consumption, nature-based solutions (sources and sinks). Meeting the 1.5°C goal means implementing solutions in parallel across all sectors. The solutions must scale exponentially. The roadmap identifies four levers required to scale the transformation as well as necessary actions for each: policy, climate leadership and movements, finance and exponential technology. Implementation must be fair and just or risk deep resistance.
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| 31632. |
- Pihl, Emma, et al.
(författare)
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Spouses' experiences of impact on daily life regarding physical limitations in the loved one with heart failure : A phenomenographic analysis
- 2010
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Cardiovascular Nursing. - Ottawa : Canadian Council of Cardiovascular Nurses. - 0843-6096. ; 20:3, s. 9-17
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: Physical limitation is a great burden for patients with heart failure, but little is known about how that affects spouses. Beneficial effects of support on the prognosis for the patient with chronic heart failure may come at a psychological and physical cost to the person providing the support. PURPOSE: The aim of this study was to explore and describe how spouses conceive the physical limitations in patients with heart failure and the impact these limitations have on the daily life of the spouse. DESIGN: A qualitative design with a phenomenographic approach was chosen for the study. FINDINGS: The informants were 15 spouses of heart failure patients. The spouses perceived a variety of aspects pertaining to how they conceive the physical limitations in the loved one with heart failure and the implication this had on their daily life. The referential aspects were: Losing self-containment, Missing communality, Accommodating to the situation and Finding satisfaction in life. IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS: Awareness must be raised among health care professionals about the profound impact heart failure in loved ones has on the spouses and explore how the spouses' needs can be appropriately met. Since spouses have an important role to play in the management of heart failure, it is of great importance that nurses identify and support spouses to manage daily life activities. Taking care of the good days in order to have a rich life and to help spouses see possibilities is necessary since it is difficult to predict the future.
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| 31633. |
- Pihl, E., et al.
(författare)
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Ten new insights in climate science 2020- A horizon scan
- 2020
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Ingår i: Global Sustainability. - : Cambridge University Press. - 2059-4798.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Non-technical summary We summarize some of the past year's most important findings within climate change-related research. New research has improved our understanding of Earth's sensitivity to carbon dioxide, finds that permafrost thaw could release more carbon emissions than expected and that the uptake of carbon in tropical ecosystems is weakening. Adverse impacts on human society include increasing water shortages and impacts on mental health. Options for solutions emerge from rethinking economic models, rights-based litigation, strengthened governance systems and a new social contract. The disruption caused by COVID-19 could be seized as an opportunity for positive change, directing economic stimulus towards sustainable investments. Technical summary A synthesis is made of ten fields within climate science where there have been significant advances since mid-2019, through an expert elicitation process with broad disciplinary scope. Findings include: (1) a better understanding of equilibrium climate sensitivity; (2) abrupt thaw as an accelerator of carbon release from permafrost; (3) changes to global and regional land carbon sinks; (4) impacts of climate change on water crises, including equity perspectives; (5) adverse effects on mental health from climate change; (6) immediate effects on climate of the COVID-19 pandemic and requirements for recovery packages to deliver on the Paris Agreement; (7) suggested long-term changes to governance and a social contract to address climate change, learning from the current pandemic, (8) updated positive cost-benefit ratio and new perspectives on the potential for green growth in the short- A nd long-term perspective; (9) urban electrification as a strategy to move towards low-carbon energy systems and (10) rights-based litigation as an increasingly important method to address climate change, with recent clarifications on the legal standing and representation of future generations. Social media summary Stronger permafrost thaw, COVID-19 effects and growing mental health impacts among highlights of latest climate science.
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| 31634. |
- Pihl, Joron, et al.
(författare)
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Nordic discourses on marginalisation through education.
- 2018
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Ingår i: Education Inquiry. - : Informa UK Limited. - 2000-4508. ; 9:1, s. 22-39
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The purpose of this article is analysis of discursive marginalisation through education in Nordic welfare states. What knowledge do Nordic research discourses produce about marginalisation through education in Nordic welfare states? What are the Nordic contribu- tions to research discourses on marginalisation through educa- tion? We apply a discourse theoretical approach and analyse 109 peer-reviewed publications on marginalisation by the Nordic Centre of Excellence “Justice through education in the Nordic countries” (NCoE JustEd) between 2013 and 2017. The publications are from Finland, Sweden, Norway and Iceland. Four critical Nordic research discourses reconceptualise marginalisation in relation to dominant educational discourses on marketisation, Eurocentrism, gender equity and ableism. These Nordic research discourses document discursive effects of the dominant, normalising dis- courses in terms of stigma, segregation and exclusion of poor, working-class students, non-white and immigrant students and descendants of immigrants, as well as sexual minorities and dis- abled students. Based on ethical, epistemological and methodolo- gical considerations, the critical Nordic research discourses produce knowledge about marginalisation as a relational, intersec- tional and interdiscursive phenomenon. The critical Nordic research discourses de- and reconstruct knowledge about margin- alisation in Nordic welfare states.
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| 31635. |
- Piispanen, Peter Sauli
(författare)
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Additional Turkic and Tungusic borrowings into Yukaghir
- 2018
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Ingår i: Turkic languages. - 1431-4983. ; 22:1, s. 107-137
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This paper presents twenty-five newly found suggested borrowings from the Turkic, Tungusic and Mongolic languages into the Yukaghiric languages of far northeastern Siberia. The chronology of the borrowings is considered, and solid phonological and semantic considerations are given for each suggestion. Several of the new borrowings are quite recent and the majority relate to technological terms, social life and elementary actions. This would speak for a situation in far northeastern Siberia of intimate tribal contacts where multilingualism was the norm historically, hunting techniques were shared and inter-tribal marriages were commonplace. Additionally, two prospective borrowings related to reindeer terminology are discussed. Furthermore, borrowings from Yukaghiric into other languages, barely discussed in scientific literature, are also analyzed and commented upon briefly.
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| 31636. |
- Pike, Felicity, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Dynamic livelihoods, gender and poverty in marine protected areas : Case study from Zanzibar, Tanzania
- 2024
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Ingår i: Ambio. - 0044-7447 .- 1654-7209. ; 53:8, s. 1218-1233
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Livelihood initiatives are common within marine protected areas (MPAs) aiming for poverty alleviation or higher income opportunities. However, results can be mixed in reality, as well as change over time. Furthermore, who benefits is a key consideration, as results can vary based on inequalities, including gender. Here, the monetary outcomes of different livelihood strategies were investigated across three MPA regions in Zanzibar, Tanzania. Using a quantitative approach, the results show that livelihoods have shifted in a six-year period, with livelihood strategies differing in poverty incidence and income. Livelihood initiatives, namely seaweed farming and tourism, did not provide significantly higher monetary returns compared to long-standing livelihoods, such as fisheries. Seaweed farming showed income stability but a high poverty incidence predominantly within women-headed households. During the study period, men primarily remained in fisheries, whilst women shifted to small-scale businesses and fisheries, largely exiting seaweed farming. This underscores a need for adaptive, gender sensitive management within fast changing coastal contexts.
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| 31637. |
- Pike, Felicity, 1993-, et al.
(författare)
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Intertidal gleaning fisheries : Recognising local-scale contributions and management scenarios
- 2024
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Ingår i: Marine Policy. - : Elsevier. - 0308-597X .- 1872-9460. ; 162
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Intertidal gleaning is a widespread means through which women participate in the fishery harvest sector. However, the fishery is often under recognised in management and policy-making. Accordingly, there is a need to further our understanding of the fishery, and how local factors may help or hinder effective management. This study focuses on Zanzibar, Tanzania, using focus group discussions (FGDs) and interviews to investigate local-scale contributions from gleaning in seagrass dominated areas – which are particularly frequented gleaning grounds locally, and more widely in the Indo-Pacific region. The study also gathered insight into how gleaners perceived different management scenarios used elsewhere within the small-scale fishery sector. Despite being typically viewed as a sustenance means, gleaning was found to be primarily an economic activity, mainly through catching the bivalve, Anadara antiquata, and commercial gastropod species (Chicoreus ramosus and Pleuroploca spp). FGD respondents held positive pre-conceived ideas about rotating no-take zone scenarios as a management strategy, as well as indicating preferences for community-based measures. In order for no-take zones to have a higher chance of success, further investigation is needed to understand the life histories of commonly gleaned species in order to inform rotation periods, as well as developing means of cross-community cooperation due to the shared, open access nature of intertidal zones. These results demonstrate the economic importance of gleaning for coastal women in Zanzibar, who have invaluable insights, built on lived experience and local knowledge, which could enable and benefit a more inclusive management system.
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| 31638. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, 1973-
(författare)
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Hur expanderar vi konceptet civila insatspersoner : Att hantera organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder
- 2022
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- För mer än tio år sedan startade kommunal räddningstjänst det första initiativet där civila engagerades som första insatspersoner – Förstärkt Medmänniska i Medelpad. Sedan dess har konceptet – civila insatspersoner (CIP) spridit sig till ett tjugotal räddningstjänster, i glesbygd och på landsbygd men även till urbana miljöer genom ett initiativ taget av Södertörns Brandsvarsförbund. Både de räddningstjänster som tillämpar konceptet och myndigheter som Myndigheten för samhällsskydd och beredskap (MSB) och SOS Alarm är överens om nyttan CIP tillför genom att förkorta responstider, rädda liv och egendom. Trots detta har konceptet inte fått den spridning man hoppats på. Vi vet att hindren är både organisatoriska och specifikt relaterade till utlarmning med hjälp av existerande IT-stöd, appar eller SMS-listor.I den här studien utforskar vi dessa hinder vidare. Vi ger också ett antal förslag på hur de identifierade hindren kan hanteras. Detta genom att genomföra en kvalitativ intervjustudie där vi jämför och kontrasterar perspektiv från myndigheter, räddningstjänst, kommersiella app-utvecklare och de civila insatspersonerna själva (slutanvändare). Vi beskriver både organisatoriska och IT-relaterade hinder och hur de hänger samman. De centrala organisatoriska hindren handlar dels om konkreta utmaningar där det inte finns någon budget eller tid allokerad för att arbeta med CIP-konceptet där det finns viss ovana av förändringsarbete. De handlar också om kulturellt motstånd, det vill säga upplevd konkurrens från CIP vilket gör att initiativen kan sakna stöd både från ledningsnivå i räddningstjänster och från brandmän på operativ nivå. Legala aspekter är också centralt där det för närvarande existerar olika tolkningar av lagstiftning runt ansvar för arbetsmiljö. När det gäller IT-stöden är vissa hinder rent tekniska och relaterar till svårigheter med att få till en korrekt geofencing och att utveckla appar som ska fungera – inte bara på en enhet utan på olika mobila lösningar som ägs av privatpersoner (Iphone, Android i olika versioner). Andra hinder hänger ihop med organisatoriska frågor och konkurrens på den privata marknaden. Exempelvis har SOS Alarm en dubbel roll som privat och statlig aktör och har en app och ett application programming interface (API) under utveckling. De kommersiella leverantörerna kan inte leverera till samma låga kostnad som SOS Alarm och kommer inte åt vissa funktioner (till exempel att dra tillbaka resurser om en situation eskalerar till något farligt). Samtidigt var SOS Alarms app vid tiden för studien inte färdig. Detta sätter räddningstjänsterna i en olycklig situation utvecklingsmässigt och de får fortsätta förlita sig på de SMS-listor som egentligen endast var tänkt som en initial lösning.Vi föreslår ett antal åtgärder för att adressera hindren där de viktigaste är att MSB tar en koordinerande roll, och upprättandet av samverkansgrupper bestående av representanter för samtliga aktörer som ska vara med och driva konceptet, inklusive civila insatspersoner, kommunal räddningstjänst, SOS Alarm, socialtjänst, försäkringsbolag och fastighetsägare. Vi argumenterar också för hur man kan nyttja existerande kunskapsnätverk för CIP mer effektivt erfarenhetsutbyte. När det gäller ett gemensamt API är ett släppande av detta centralt för att utlarmning ska fungera, konceptet expandera – och överleva över tid. Här föreslår vi expertgrupper med representanter för myndigheter, systemutvecklare, app-leverantörer, SOS Alarm och inte minst slutanvändare. Vi ser också att tiden är mogen för dynamisk resursallokering, det vill säga att när CIP:ar blir fler måste det bli möjligt att larma ut på kompetens och specialisering (till exempel för att undvika larmtrötthet i storstadsområden) men att övriga hinder måste adresseras först.Vidare i ett teoretiskt perspektiv diskuterar vi våra resultat i termer av ”digitalized co-production” (digitaliserad samproduktion). Co-production är ett sätt att involvera samhällsmedborgare i tjänsteutveckling i offentlig sektor där expansion och nya former möjliggörs av ökad digitalisering. Här tar vi ett delvis annat perspektiv där vi i stället tittar på när digitalisering och IT blir hinder för samproduktionen. Vi argumenterar också för att CIP är en helt ny, framväxande hybridform av co-production som behöver starkare styrning än traditionell co-production. Här kan vår studie bidra till successiv ackumulering av kunskap.
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| 31639. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, 1973-
(författare)
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ICT-Enabled Citizen Co-production in Excluded Areas – Using Volunteers in Emergency Response
- 2019
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Ingår i: Electronic Participation. - Cham : Springer. - 9783030273965 - 9783030273972 ; , s. 87-101
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of many contemporary public-sector challenges is the increasing socio-economic gaps and excluded areas in many cities worldwide. This study explores ICT-enabled citizen co-production using volunteers as first responders in excluded areas near Stockholm, the capital of Sweden. The study indicates that these volunteers can make a major difference if arriving first at an emergency site, e.g. saving lives by administering CPR and extinguishing fires before they spread. Major challenges relate to individual versus collective engagement, gender aspects and language barriers. Current ICT support, in the form of text messages or a basic app, is deemed sufficient but, for the initiative to expand and enable long-term effective engagement, calibrated solutions matching competence, role and language with incident and area are needed. In a public-sector innovation context, the study highlights the need for future research on digitalized co-production with an explicit focus on the ICT artifact and its co-creation artifact as catalysts for change. In relation to this, this study confirms previous research arguing for the merging of policy science and information systems research in an era of rapid digitalized public-sector transformation, but adds that they need to be complemented by perspectives from sociology, e.g. on gender and ethnicity, in initiatives involving citizens in excluded areas.
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| 31640. |
- Pilemalm, Sofie, 1973-
(författare)
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Participatory Design in Emerging Civic Engagement Initiatives in the New Public Sector : Applying PD Concepts in Resource-Scarce Organizations
- 2018
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Ingår i: ACM Transactions on Computer-Human Interaction. - : ACM Digital Library. - 1073-0516 .- 1557-7325. ; 25:1, s. 5:1-5:26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study, we address the role of Participatory Design (PD) in emerging public sector governance forms and, more specifically, civic engagement and we-government initiatives. We achieve this by first providing a research overview of the development of PD approaches since they originated in the 1970s, identifying different PD generations and associated concepts, contexts, and challenges, and then relating them to current public sector trends. Next, we link the overview to a practical example by presenting a case of applying PD to a civic engagement project that takes place in the Swedish emergency response system. Our example findings sustain previously identified needs to return to broad change processes and balance this with ICT re-configuration and structuration of the collaborative processes, the related stakeholders, and their needs, this time in a context where work tasks and responsibilities are not yet defined, known or experienced among stakeholders. We then suggest methodological ways to handle this by (1) applying an interdisciplinary PD approach, (2) replacing the traditional design group with a combination of various qualitative methods and PD techniques, e.g., focus groups, modified scenario-based future workshops, exercises, and after-action-reviews, and (3) support PD activities with context-specific frameworks. We argue that applying PD concepts to the governance forms that are emerging in resource-constrained public sector organizations poses a number of challenges, many of them relating directly to the unknown character of the work setting and the practical difficulties of involving civil citizens as end-users. However, if they are addressed and handled adequately, making civic engagement initiatives work processes and ICT support to work smoothly, this can contribute to a re-politicization of PD in terms of space, action, and the empowerment of citizens both by enhancing their skills and by having them represented in design activities.
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