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- Al-Khateeb, S, et al.
(författare)
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Light-induced fluorescence studies on dehydration of incipient enamel lesions
- 2002
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Ingår i: Caries research. - : S. Karger AG. - 0008-6568 .- 1421-976X. ; 36:1, s. 25-30
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Changes in the hydration state of enamel affect its optical qualities, such as light scattering and fluorescence. In this study, the rate of fluorescence loss was measured when incipient enamel lesions with different de-remineralization history were left to dehydrate. Four groups of lesions were studied. In groups A, B and C, the lesions were prepared in vitro in an acid-gel system. Group A was kept as control, and groups B and C were remineralized (4 weeks) without and with 1 ppm F in solution, respectively. Group D consisted of natural incipient lesions. Enamel fluorescence was measured for all lesions immediately after removal from water and subsequently at short intervals for 30 min. The change in fluorescence with dehydration varied between the groups. In lesions from groups A and B, it followed a double exponential decrease, while in lesions from groups C and D, it followed a mono-exponential decrease. In all groups, the fluorescence of sound surfaces declined mono-exponentially. The ‘fractional fluorescence difference’, defined as (L<sub>sound</sub> – L<sub>carious</sub> )/L<sub>sound</sub>, became constant after periods of dehydration of about 5, 5, 20 and 5 min for groups A to D, respectively. The observation of the change of fluorescence with dehydration should be taken into consideration when planning studies that use fluorescence as an assessment method. However, it might also be used to gain insight into the properties for fluid transport inside the various lesions, relevant to de-remineralization or fluoride treatments.
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- Al-Khateeb, Susan
(författare)
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Studies on the remineralization of white spot lesions : longitudinal assessment with quantitative light-induced fluorescence
- 1998
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The global aim of this work was to develop and test the light induced fluorescence method using either laser light or a regular, i.e. noncoherent light source for quantification of mineral changes in white spot lesions. Validation studies were carried out to establish the correlation between fluorescence loss and mineral loss. One study was performed to investigate the porosity of white spot lesions of different origins and its effect on the optical characteristics of a white spot lesion. Further, the remineralization process of "open lesions" was studied under different conditions: the effect of acid etching of white spot lesions was investigated in presence or absence of fluoride in an in vitro study. The effect of fluoride supplementation at regularly use of F dentifrice on the remineralization of white spot lesions was investigated in an in situ model. Moreover, the mineral changes in white spot lesions developed in vivo during orthodontic fixed appliance treatment were followed longitudinally. It was concluded that the laser fluorescence method is sensitive and valid for the quantification of mineral loss in natural incipient enamel lesions. Changes in enamel fluorescence reflected changes in mineral content during de- and remineralization processes in the enamel providing the basis for a quantitative method for assessment of mineral changes to a depth of about 450 µm in vitro, in situ, and in vivo. The light induced fluorescence method could operate using monochromatic laser light at the wave length 488 nm, or with a regular (noncoherent) white light source emerging from a Xenon gas-chargeable lamp. Addition of fluoride for the remineralization of "open lesions" caused redistribution of the minerals in the white spot lesions and blockage of their surface layer. In healthy young adults with normal salivary flow and good oral hygiene, fluoride supplementation to the regular use of F dentifrice did not further enhance the remineralization of artificially induced subsurface enamel lesions. Acid etching of white spot lesions enhanced the remineralization process of these lesions. Full remineralization of the so called "open lesions" was not obtained neither in vitro nor in the in vivo environment. Using the QLF method, it would be possible to register the rate of dehydration of a white spot lesion, thus providing information about the nature of that lesion regarding the characteristics of its surface layer.
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- Al-Khatib, A., et al.
(författare)
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Competition between collective and noncollective excitation modes at high spin in Ba-124
- 2006
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Ingår i: Physical Review C. Nuclear Physics. - 0556-2813 .- 1089-490X. ; 74:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- High-spin states in Ba-124 were investigated in two experiments using the Ni-64(Ni-64, 4n)Ba-124 reaction at three different beam energies. In-beam gamma-ray coincidences were measured with the Euroball and Gammasphere detector arrays. In the experiment with Euroball, the CsI detector array Diamant was employed to discriminate against charged-particle channels. Six new rotational bands were observed in Ba-124, and previously known bands were extended to higher spins. One of the bands shows a transition from collective to noncollective behavior at high spins. Configuration assignments are suggested on the basis of comparison with cranked shell model and cranked Nilsson-Strutinsky calculations.
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- Anacleto, Thuane Mendes, et al.
(författare)
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Methane yield response to pretreatment is dependent on substrate chemical composition: a meta-analysis on anaerobic digestion systems
- 2024
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PORTFOLIO. - 2045-2322. ; 14:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Proper pretreatment of organic residues prior to anaerobic digestion (AD) can maximize global biogas production from varying sources without increasing the amount of digestate, contributing to global decarbonization goals. However, the efficiency of pretreatments applied on varying organic streams is poorly assessed. Thus, we performed a meta-analysis on AD studies to evaluate the efficiencies of pretreatments with respect to biogas production measured as methane yield. Based on 1374 observations our analysis shows that pretreatment efficiency is dependent on substrate chemical dominance. Grouping substrates by chemical composition e.g., lignocellulosic-, protein- and lipid-rich dominance helps to highlight the appropriate choice of pretreatment that supports maximum substrate degradation and more efficient conversion to biogas. Methane yield can undergo an impactful increase compared to untreated controls if proper pretreatment of substrates of a given chemical dominance is applied. Non-significant or even adverse effects on AD are, however, observed when the substrate chemical dominance is disregarded.
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| 7. |
- Badinlou, F., et al.
(författare)
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Impairments following COVID-19 infection: manifestations and investigations of related factors
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - 2045-2322. ; 13:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The COVID-19 pandemic had a major global impact on the health and wellbeing for many individuals. Even though the infection rates have gone down due to the availability of vaccines, the consequences of the disease are still present due to persistent symptoms among individuals. The aim of the current study was to map long-term impairments in individuals infected with COVID-19 by applying the framework of the World Health Organization's International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF) and also investigate the factors related to the context of an individual's life influencing the impairments. A web-survey that targeted individuals that had been infected with COVID-19 was used. The survey included a range of measures covering contextual factors and factors related to body functions and structures and post-COVID impairments. A total of 501 individuals were included in the study (with a mean age of 47.6 years). 96% of the respondents reported at least one moderate-to-severe impairment due to COVID-19 infection and the most frequent one was fatigue. In that, 79.6% and 86.9% of the study sample reported moderate-to-severe brain fatigue and tiredness or lack of energy, respectively. Severity of COVID-19 infection appeared as the strongest risk factor for post-COVID impairments. Based on the results, interventions can be tailored to help individuals with post-COVID-19 condition. This could be one way lessening the effect of COVID-19 on health care and society as a whole.
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| 8. |
- Bjuremark, Anna, 1950-
(författare)
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The Relationship between Supervisor and Doctoral Student : Lasting Longer than an Average Marrige in Sweden
- 2006
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Ingår i: "The future is not what it appears to be". - Stockholm : HLS Förlag. - 9176566234 - 9789176566237 ; , s. 84-104
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- This book honors and is in memorial to Kenneth Hultqvist who helped initiate the broader research project to which this volume contributes. This book examines changes in the politics of knowledge in modern social life. The contributors provide important interventions in contemporary discussions about power, change, and the challenges that were raised in the Enlightenment about knowledge, reason, and the possibilities of humanity. The studies in the book examine a range of social programs and educational reforms to understand their implications, assumptions and consequences. Firstly, the chapters contribute to an international discussion on the historical relationships between social change, political rationalities, and the technologies of the self in a range of social life that included pedagogy. Secondly, the book offers new ways of studying and understanding the relation of the welfare state, social and education sciences, and today’s configurations of liberal governing. Thirdly, the discussion brings into focus and critiques the distinctions of social and educational theories that differentiate “context” and programs, divides discourse from the “real”, separates the subjective and objective and the personal and the public, and disconnects civil society from the state “reason” in modern government.
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| 10. |
- Bjuremark, Anna, 1950-
(författare)
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Variation på temat examination : En rapport från grundutbildningsdag och rundabordssamtal vid LiU 2007
- 2008
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Frågan om hur vi examinerar i högskolan väcker ofta intresse och märks tydligt, inte minst i den vardagliga kontakten studenter och lärare emellan. Kommer det här på tentan, är en fråga som få universitetslärare har undgått. Intresset för företeelsen examination märks också i de många studier och utredningar som gjorts över tid. Där har såväl politiska krafter som universi-tetsledningar ofta stått för initiativtagandet, medan akademins egna organ och enskilda utövare lika ofta bidragit med erfarenheter och professionellt kunnande.Den rapport som här presenteras bygger på den s.k. Grundutbildningsdagen vid Linköpings universitet hösten 2007, ett samarrangemang kring examination mellan studentkårerna, fakulteterna och Centrum för undervisning och lärande (CUL). Rubriken för dagen var Examination – mer än en tentamen och syftet var att på lärosätesnivå stimulera till diskussion och reflektion mellan studenter och lärare kring företeelsen examination. Som inspiratör och som inledare på dagen inbjöds Åsa Lindberg-Sand, universitetslektor från Lunds universitet och medverkade gjorde även universitets-kansler Anders Flodström och vår egen rektor Mille Millnert.
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