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| 2. |
- Baltag, Crina
(författare)
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The Role of Amici Curiae in Light of Recent Developments in Investment Treaty Arbitration : Legitimizing the System?
- 2020
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Ingår i: ICSID Review. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0258-3690 .- 2049-1999. ; 35:1-2, s. 279-310
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Recension (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent developments in investment arbitration and international investment law, in general, are prompting the review of the role of amici curiae in investment arbitration proceedings. The latest initiatives addressing the challenges to the investor-State dispute settlement (‘ISDS’) system, including under the auspices of the UNCITRAL Working Group III, alluded to the participation of the amici in ISDS proceedings. The new generation of international investment agreements (‘IIAs’) is also tackling an enhanced role of amicus curiae, whereas the proposal for the amendment of the ICSID Arbitration Rules includes sizeable amendments to Rule 37(2), to reflect these developments and other concerns raised so far in the practice. This paper addresses the role of amici curiae in these turbulent times for ISDS, emphasizing that, before anything, the role of these non-disputing parties is to assist arbitral tribunals.
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| 3. |
- Buckdahn, Rainer, et al.
(författare)
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MEAN-FIELD BACKWARD STOCHASTIC DIFFERENTIAL EQUATIONS : A LIMIT APPROACH
- 2009
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Ingår i: Annals of Probability. - : Institute of Mathematical Statistics. - 0091-1798 .- 2168-894X. ; 37:4, s. 1524-1565
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mathematical mean-field approaches play an important role in different fields of Physics and Chemistry, but have found in recent works also their application in Economics, Finance and Game Theory. The objective of our paper is to investigate a special mean-field problem in a purely stochastic approach: for the solution (Y, Z) of a mean-field backward stochastic differential equation driven by a forward stochastic differential of McKean-Vlasov type with solution X we study a special approximation by the solution (X-N, Y-N, Z(N)) of some decoupled forward-backward equation which coefficients are governed by N independent copies of (X-N, Y-N, Z(N)). We show that the convergence speed of this approximation is of order 1/root N. Moreover, our special choice of the approximation allows to characterize the limit behavior of root N(X-N - X, Y-N - Y, Z(N) - Z). We prove that this triplet converges in law to the solution of some forward-backward. stochastic differential equation of mean-field type, which is not only governed by a Brownian motion but also by an independent Gaussian field.
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| 4. |
- Ferrara, R, et al.
(författare)
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Vertical Profiles of Atmospheric Mercury Concentration
- 1992
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Ingår i: Environmental Technology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1479-487X .- 0959-3330. ; 13:11, s. 1061-1068
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Vertical profiles of atmospheric mercury concentration determined with a lidar and point monitor systems in the mineralized region of Mt. Amiata (Italy) are reported. Measurements were performed over a large flat area, without arboreal and herbaceous vegetation, constituting a roasted cinnabar deposit which still contains about two parts per thousand of mercury. The determinations carried out with the two techniques yielded comparable results for the working conditions used. Data demonstrate the presence of a vertical gradient of atmospheric mercury concentration, which is particularly large in the layers of air nearest the soil. The highest values (45-1000 ng m-3) were measured a few centimeters from the soil, while background values (2-3 ng m-3) were reached at heights of 10-20 m. The vertical gradient proved to be strongly dependent on ambient temperature.
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| 5. |
- Fongen, C., et al.
(författare)
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Reduced sleep quality is highly prevalent and associated with physical function and cardiorespiratory fitness in patients with axial spondyloarthritis: a cross-sectional study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Rheumatology. - 0300-9742 .- 1502-7732.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives: To assess sleep quality, and its associations with physical function, cardiorespiratory fitness, and spinal mobility, in axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) patients. Method: Baseline data from the Exercise for Spondyloarthritis trial were used. Assessments included [Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), 0–21, 21 = worst], performance-based physical function [Ankylosing Spondylitis Performance Index (ASPI), seconds, higher = worse], patient-reported physical function [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Functional Index (BASFI), 0–10, 10 = worst], cardiorespiratory fitness [peak oxygen uptake ((Formula presented.) O2peak), mL/kg/min, lower = worse], and spinal mobility [Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Metrology Index (BASMI), 0–10, 10 = worst]. Associations were examined in separate models using multiple linear regression. Results: Ninety-nine patients with axSpA were included, 53% female, mean age 46 years, and 72% with high disease activity (ASDAS-C-reactive protein ≥ 2.1), of whom 84 (85%) had reduced sleep quality. Sleep disturbance was most frequently reported (65%), followed by poor subjective sleep quality (53%), daytime dysfunction (41%), and increased sleep latency (41%). Positive associations were observed between PSQI and ASPI [β = 0.10, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.01, 0.19] and PSQI and BASFI (β = 0.85, 95% CI 0.51, 1.20), and there was an inverse association between PSQI and (Formula presented.) O2peak (β = −0.14, 95% CI −0.27, −0.01), adjusted for age and sex. There was no association between PSQI and BASMI. Conclusion: Reduced sleep quality was common in axSpA patients with moderate to high disease activity. Better sleep quality was associated with better physical function and higher cardiorespiratory fitness. There was no association between sleep quality and spinal mobility. Trial registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02356874.
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| 6. |
- Herlitz, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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The relationship between the electrocardiographically estimated infarct size and 1-2 year survival in acute myocardial infarction
- 1985
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Ingår i: Clinical Cardiology. - : John Wiley & Sons, Inc. - 0160-9289 .- 1932-8737. ; 8:3, s. 141-147
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In 587 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) and no previous MI, electrocardiographically estimated infarct size was related to 1 - and 2-year mortality. The overall mortality was higher in patients with transmural MI (Q- or R-wave changes in standard ECG) than in patients with subendocardial infarction (ST-T-wave changes in standard ECG) after 1 year (18.8% compared to 6.5% p<0.001) and after 2 years (22.2% compared to 13.8%, p=0.049). When patients who were alive during primary hospitalization were analyzed separately, slightly higher mortality was found in patients with transmural MI than in subendocardial MI after 1 year (9.6% compared to 4.2%, p =0.076) while no difference was found after 2 years (13.4% as compared to 11.7%, p>0.2). In a subgroup of patients with anterior MI, precordial mapping with 24 chest leads was analyzed 4 days after arrival in hospital (n=197). Patients were divided into quartiles according to the sum of R waves, the sum of Q waves, and the number of Q waves. There was a similar overall mortality in each quartile after 1 year and after 2 years regardless of ECG parameters studied. Neither did we find any correlation between the sum of R waves in leads II, III, and a VF on the fourth day in patients with inferior MI and overall 1 - or 2-year mortality rate, although there was a trend towards higher mortality with more ECG changes.
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| 7. |
- Hogan, Kelly A., et al.
(författare)
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Glacial sedimentation, fluxes and erosion rates associated with ice retreat in Petermann Fjord and Nares Strait, north-west Greenland
- 2020
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Ingår i: The Cryosphere. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 1994-0416 .- 1994-0424. ; 14:1, s. 261-286
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Petermann Fjord is a deep ( > 1000 m) fjord that incises the coastline of north-west Greenland and was carved by an expanded Petermann Glacier, one of the six largest outlet glaciers draining the modern Greenland Ice Sheet (GrIS). Between 5 and 70 m of unconsolidated glacigenic material infills in the fjord and adjacent Nares Strait, deposited as the Petermann and Nares Strait ice streams retreated through the area after the Last Glacial Maximum. We have investigated the deglacial deposits using seismic stratigraphic techniques and have correlated our results with high-resolution bathymetric data and core lithofacies. We identify six seismoacoustic facies in more than 3500 line kilometres of subbottom and seismic-reflection profiles throughout the fjord, Hall Basin and Kennedy Channel. Seismo-acoustic facies relate to bedrock or till surfaces (Facies I), subglacial deposition (Facies II), deposition from meltwater plumes and icebergs in quiescent glacimarine conditions (Facies III, IV), deposition at grounded ice margins during stillstands in retreat (grounding-zone wedges; Facies V) and the redeposition of material downslope (Facies IV). These sediment units represent the total volume of glacial sediment delivered to the mapped marine environment during retreat. We calculate a glacial sediment flux for the former Petermann ice stream as 1080-1420 m(3) a(-1) per metre of ice stream width and an average deglacial erosion rate for the basin of 0.29-0.34 mm a(-1). Our deglacial erosion rates are consistent with results from Antarctic Peninsula fjord systems but are several times lower than values for other modern GrIS catchments. This difference is attributed to fact that large volumes of surface water do not access the bed in the Petermann system, and we conclude that glacial erosion is limited to areas overridden by streaming ice in this large outlet glacier setting. Erosion rates are also presented for two phases of ice retreat and confirm that there is significant variation in rates over a glacial-deglacial transition. Our new glacial sediment fluxes and erosion rates show that the Petermann ice stream was approximately as efficient as the palaeo-Jakobshavn Isbra at eroding, transporting and delivering sediment to its margin during early deglaciation.
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| 8. |
- Huang, Hansong, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of void geometry on elastic properties of unidirectional fiber reinforced composites
- 2005
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Ingår i: Composites Science And Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0266-3538 .- 1879-1050. ; 65:13, s. 1964-1981
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Voids are one of the most common types of manufacturing process induced defects in composite materials that have detrimental effect on the material properties. The void content can be reduced by carefully chosen process parameters, such as pressure and temperature, but often at the price of higher cost. A quantitative relationship between void characteristics and material properties would allow the trade-off between the cost and the desired product performance. The characteristics of interest include volume fraction, size, shape, and spatial distribution. In this paper, methods for determining effective elastic constants of unidirectional continuous fiber reinforced composites containing voids of various characteristics are presented. Finite element analysis (FEA) is performed on a representative volume cell based on observed void microstructure to determine the effective elastic constants. Analytical method based on Mori-Tanaka theory is also utilized for comparison. The predictions by FEA and the analytical method are compared with each other as well as with available experimental data. Overall good agreement is found. A parametric study reveals that the void content has severe impact on the out-of-plane modulus, while the in-plane properties are less significantly affected. For a given void content, the shape of the voids has different effect on different moduli. Flat voids are benign for in-plane moduli but undesirable for out-of-plane stiffness. Long voids reduce significantly the out-of-plane shear modulus, but have little effect on the in-plane properties
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| 9. |
- Hugelius, Karin, 1977-, et al.
(författare)
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Disaster Radio for Communication of Vital messages and Health-related Information : Experiences from the Haiyan typhoon, The Philippines
- 2016
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Ingår i: Disaster Medicine and Public Health Preparedness. - New York, USA : Cambridge University Press. - 1935-7893 .- 1938-744X. ; 10:4, s. 591-597
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: Crisis communication is seen as an integrated and essential part of disaster management measures. After Typhoon Haiyan (Yolanda) in the Philippines 2013, radio was used to broadcast information to the affected community. The aim of this study was to describe how disaster radio was used to communicate vital messages and health-related information to the public in one affected region after Typhoon Haiyan.Methods: Mixed-methods analysis using qualitative content analysis and descriptive statistics was used to analyze 2587 logged radio log files.Results: Radio was used to give general information and to demonstrate the capability of officials to manage the situation, to encourage, to promote recovery and foster a sense of hope, and to give practical advice and encourage self-activity. The content and focus of the messages changed over time. Encouraging messages were the most frequently broadcast messages. Health-related messages were a minor part of all information broadcast and gaps in the broadcast over time were found.Conclusion: Disaster radio can serve as a transmitter of vital messages including health-related information and psychological support in disaster areas. The present study indicated the potential for increased use. The perception, impact, and use of disaster radio need to be further evaluated.
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| 10. |
- Jakobsson, Ulf
(författare)
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A literature review on fatigue among older people
- 2006
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Ingår i: International journal of older people nursing. - : Wiley. - 1748-3743 .- 1748-3735. ; 1:1, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. The aim of the study was to survey existing research about fatigue among older people with chronic non-malignant pain. Method. A structured literature review was carried out using the Medline database. The terms ‘fatigue’ and ‘tiredness’ were used synonymously. These subject headings were combined with pain. A literature search was made in 2004 and included articles back to 1995. Results. The review of studies from the last decade resulted in 11 articles of relevance. The result showed that fatigue was common among older people and even more common among those in pain. However, there was discordance regarding the prevalence, and the figures ranged from 30% to 98%. Fatigue was found to be associated above all with pain, functional limitations/functioning, and low quality of life. No articles were found focusing on interventions against fatigue. Conclusions. Fatigue is common in old age and even more common when people are in pain. However, knowledge seems to be sparse especially regarding interventions in daily care. Thus, more studies are needed that focus on fatigue to get firm evidence about the prevalence among older people in pain. In addition, studies about interventions against fatigue are urgently needed so that the care of older people can include actions against fatigue and to improve quality of life. Relevance to clinical practice. It is of importance that fatigue is not ignored in the care of older people. By intervening against symptoms such as fatigue it will most likely ease the pain and improve quality of life.
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