| 11. |
- Jönsson, Christina, et al.
(författare)
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Immobilized oxazoline-containing ligands in asymmetric catalysis - A review
- 2002
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Ingår i: Bioorganic & Medicinal Chemistry Letters. - 0960-894X .- 1464-3405. ; 12:14, s. 1857-1861
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Metal complexes of chiral oxazoline derivatives immobilized on soluble as well as insoluble supports serve as versatile asymmetric catalysts in a variety of applications. In a few cases recovery and reuse of the chiral ligands have been achieved.
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| 12. |
- Larhed, M., et al.
(författare)
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Microwave-accelerated homogeneous catalysis in organic chemistry
- 2002
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Ingår i: Accounts of Chemical Research. - Uppsala Univ, BMC, Dept Organ Pharmaceut Chem, SE-75123 Uppsala, Sweden. Royal Inst Technol, Dept Chem, SE-10044 Stockholm, Sweden. : American Chemical Society (ACS). - 0001-4842 .- 1520-4898. ; 35:9, s. 717-727
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The efficiency of microwave flash heating in accelerating organic transformations (reaction times reduced from days and hours to minutes and seconds) has recently-been proven in several different fields of organic chemistry. This specific account mainly summarizes our own experiences in developing rapid, robust, and selective microwave-assisted transition metal-catalyzed homogeneous reactions. Applications include selective Heck couplings, cross-couplings, and asymmetric substitutions. The science of green chemistry was developed to meet the increasing demand for environmentally benign chemical processes. We believe the combination of metal catalysis and microwave heating will be of importance in the search for green laboratory-scale synthesis.
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| 13. |
- Lindblad, M. S., et al.
(författare)
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Polymers from renewable resources
- 2002
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Ingår i: Advances in Polymer Science. - 0065-3195 .- 1436-5030. ; 157, s. 139-161
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- From the point of view of making novel polymers with inherent environment-favorable properties such as renewability and degradability, a series of interesting monomers are found in the metabolisms and cycles of nature. This review presents and discusses a number of aliphatic polyesters which show interesting applications as biomedical materials and degradable packages. Available from nature are amino acids, microbial metabolites from the conversion of glucose and other monosaccharides (e.g., acetic acid, acetone, 2,3-butanediol, butyric acid, isopropanol, propionic acid), lactic acid, ethanol and fatty acids. A series of biodegradable polymers with different properties and different potential industrial uses were made starting with succinic acid and/or 1,3-propanediol. There were two routes for making the polyester-based materials; the direct ring-opening polymerization of lactones (cyclic esters) synthesized from 1,3-propanediol, and the chain-extension of alpha,omega-dihydroxy-terminated oligomeric polyesters produced by thermal polycondensation of 1,3-propanediol and succinic acid (oligo(propylene succinate)s).
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| 14. |
- Noodleman, L., et al.
(författare)
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Insights into properties and energetics of iron-sulfur proteins from simple clusters to nitrogenase
- 2002
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Ingår i: Current opinion in chemical biology. - 1367-5931 .- 1879-0402. ; 6:2, s. 259-273
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Some of the principal physical features of iron-sulfur clusters in proteins are analyzed, including metal-ligand covalency, spin polarization, spin coupling, valence delocalization, valence interchange and small reorganization energies, with emphasis on recent spectroscopic and theoretical work. The current state of structural, spectroscopic, and computational knowledge for the iron-sulfur clusters in the nitrogenase iron and iron-molybdenum proteins is examined by comparison and contrast to 'simpler' iron-sulfur clusters. The differing interactions of the nitrogenase iron and iron-molybdenum clusters compared with those of other iron-sulfur clusters with the protein and solvent environment are also explored.
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| 15. |
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| 16. |
- Ramström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Chemical biology of dynamic combinatorial libraries
- 2002
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Ingår i: Biochimica et Biophysica Acta - General Subjects. - 0304-4165 .- 1872-8006. ; 1572:03-feb, s. 178-186
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic combinatorial chemistry (DCC) is a recently introduced supramolecular approach to generate libraries of chemical compounds based on reversible exchange processes. The building elements are spontaneously and reversibly assembled to virtually encompass all possible combinations, allowing for simple one-step generation of complex libraries. The method has been applied to a variety of combinatorial systems, ranging from synthetic models to materials science and drug discovery, and enables the establishment of adaptive processes due to the dynamic interchange of the library constituents and its evolution toward the best fit to the target. In particular, it has the potential to become a useful tool in the direct screening of ligands to a chosen receptor without extensive prior knowledge of the site structure, and several biological systems have been targeted. In the vast field of glycoscience, the concept may find special perspective in response to the highly complex nature of carbohydrate-protein interactions. This chapter summarises studies that have been performed using DCC in biological systems, with special emphasis on glycoscience.
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| 17. |
- Ramström, Olof, et al.
(författare)
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Drug discovery by dynamic combinatorial libraries
- 2002
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Ingår i: Nature reviews. Drug discovery. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1474-1776 .- 1474-1784. ; 1:1, s. 26-36
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Dynamic combinatorial chemistry is a recently introduced supramolecular approach that uses self-assembly processes to generate libraries of chemical compounds. In contrast to the stepwise methodology of classical combinatorial techniques, dynamic combinatorial chemistry allows for the generation of libraries based on the continuous interconversion between the library constituents. Spontaneous assembly of the building blocks through reversible chemical reactions virtually encompasses all possible combinations, and allows the establishment of adaptive processes owing to the dynamic interchange of the library constituents. Addition of the target ligand or receptor creates a driving force that favours the formation of the best-binding constituent - a self-screening process that is capable, in principle, of accelerating the identification of lead compounds for drug discovery.
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| 18. |
- Samuelson, Patrik, et al.
(författare)
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Display of proteins on bacteria
- 2002
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Ingår i: Journal of Biotechnology. - 0168-1656 .- 1873-4863. ; 96:2, s. 129-154
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Display of heterologous proteins on the surface of microorganisms, enabled by means of recombinant DNA technology, has become an increasingly used strategy in various applications in microbiology, biotechnology and vaccinology. Gram-negative, Gram-positive bacteria, viruses and phages are all being investigated in such applications. This review will focus on the bacterial display systems and applications. Live bacterial vaccine delivery vehicles are being developed through the surface display of foreign antigens on the bacterial surfaces. In this field, 'second generation' vaccine delivery vehicles are at present being generated by the addition of mucosal targeting signals, through co-display of adhesins, in order to achieve targeting of the live bacteria to immunoreactive sites to thereby increase immune responses. Engineered bacteria are further being evaluated as novel microbial biocatalysts with heterologous enzymes immobilized as surface exposed on the bacterial cell surface. A discussion has started whether bacteria can find use as new types of whole-cell diagnostic devices since single-chain antibodies and other type of tailor-made binding proteins can be displayed on bacteria. Bacteria with increased binding capacity for certain metal ions can be created and potential environmental or biosensor applications for such recombinant bacteria as biosorbents are being discussed. Certain bacteria have also been employed for display of various poly-peptide libraries for use as devices in in vitro selection applications. Through various selection principles, individual clones with desired properties can be selected from such libraries. This article explains the basic principles of the different bacterial display systems, and disc-asses current uses and possible future trends of these emerging technologies.
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| 19. |
- Vitos, Levente, et al.
(författare)
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Modeling of alloy steels
- 2002
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Ingår i: Materials Today. - 1369-7021. ; 5:10, s. 14-23
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The use of computational quantum mechanics for the theoretical modeling of material properties of steel was described. Steel properties depend on the microstructure formed during the manufacturing process as well as on the concentartion and distribution of alloying elements and impurities. The computational methods allows reserachers to separate the effect of alloying elements on physical and chemical properties and to map the compositional distribution into the property distribution with arbitrary accuracy. The computational material design approach based on quantum theory with thermodynamics constitutes a profound advance in the design process of industrially relevant materials.
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| 20. |
- Vos, J., et al.
(författare)
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Navier-Stokes solvers in European aircraft design
- 2002
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Ingår i: Progress in Aerospace Sciences. - 0376-0421 .- 1873-1724. ; 38:8, s. 601-697
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper gives a broad perspective of the progress made during the last 10 years in solving the Navier-Stokes equations and traces how this simulation technique went from being a specialized research topic to a practical engineering tool that design engineers use on a routine basis. The scope is limited to Navier-Stokes solvers applied to industrial design of airframes with attention focused particularly on developments in Europe. An overview of the different Navier-Stokes codes used in Europe is given, and on-going developments are outlined. The current state of progress is illustrated by computed steady and unsteady solutions to industrial problems, ranging from airfoil characteristics, flow around an isolated wing, to full aircraft configurations. A discussion on the future industrial design environment is given, and developments in Europe towards a more integrated design approach with underlying concepts like 'concurrent engineering (CE)' and the 'virtual product (VP)' are summarized. The paper concludes with a discussion on future challenging applications.
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