| 21. |
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| 22. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Insulin and glucagon in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid in suicide attempters and healthy controls
- 2017
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 81, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Mental disorders and related behaviors such as suicidality and violence have been associated to dysregulation of e g carbohydrate metabolism. We hypothesized that patients after suicide attempt, compared to healthy controls, would have higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid and that these changes would be associated to violent behavior. Twenty-eight medication-free patients (10 women, 18 men), hospitalized after suicide attempt, and 19 healthy controls (7 women, 12 men) were recruited with the aim to study risk factors for suicidal behavior. Psychological/psychiatric assessment was performed with SCID I and II or the SCID interview for healthy volunteers respectively, the Karolinska Interpersonal Violence Scale (KIVS) for assessment of lifetime violence expression behavior, the Montgomery-Asberg-Depression-Scale (MADRS) and the Comprehensive Psychological Rating Scale (CPRS) for symptomatic assessment of depression and appetite. Fasting levels of insulin and glucagon were measured in plasma (P) and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Suicide attempters had higher insulin- and lower glucagon-levels in plasma- and CSF compared to controls. Except for P-glucagon these associations remained significant after adjusting for age and/or BMI. Patients reported significantly more expressed interpersonal violence compared to healthy volunteers. Expressed violence was significantly positively correlated with P- and CSF-insulin and showed a significant negative correlation with P-glucagon in study participants. These findings confirm and extend prior reports that higher insulin and lower glucagon levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid are associated with suicidal behavior pointing towards a potential autonomic dysregulation in the control of insulin and glucagon secretion in suicidal patients.
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| 23. |
- Bendix, Marie, et al.
(författare)
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Plasma oxytocin and personality traits in psychiatric outpatients
- 2015
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Ingår i: Psychoneuroendocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0306-4530 .- 1873-3360. ; 57, s. 102-110
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The oxytocin system is regarded as being of relevance for social interaction. In spite of this, very few studies have investigated the relationship between oxytocin and personality traits in clinical psychiatric populations. We assessed the relationship between personality traits and plasma oxytocin levels in a population of 101 medication-free psychiatric outpatients (men = 37, women = 64). We used the Karolinska Scale of Personality (KSP) and diagnostic and symptomatic testing. Plasma oxytocin levels were analysed with a specific radioimmunoassay at inclusion and after one month for testing of stability. Plasma oxytocin levels were stable over time and did not differ between patients with or without personality disorders, nor were they related to severity of depressive or anxiety symptoms. The KSP factors Impulsiveness and Negative Emotionality were significant independent predictors of plasma oxytocin. A subscale analysis of these personality factors showed significant positive correlations between baseline plasma oxytocin and the KSP subscales monotony avoidance and psychic anxiety. The significant association between the KSP factor Impulsiveness and oxytocin levels observed at baseline was observed also one month later in men. These findings suggest that personality traits such as Impulsiveness and Negative emotionality which are linked to social functioning in several psychiatric disorders seem to be associated with endogenous plasma oxytocin levels. These variations in oxytocin levels might have an impact on social sensitivity or social motivation with possible gender differences.
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| 24. |
- Bjorndal, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of deep caries lesions in adults: randomized clinical trials comparing stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, and direct pulp capping vs. partial pulpotomy
- 2010
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Ingår i: European Journal of Oral Sciences. - : Wiley. - 0909-8836 .- 1600-0722. ; 118:3, s. 290-297
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Less invasive excavation methods have been suggested for deep caries lesions. We tested the effects of stepwise vs. direct complete excavation, 1 yr after the procedure had been carried out, in 314 adults (from six centres) who had received treatment of a tooth with deep caries. The teeth had caries lesions involving 75% or more of the dentin and were centrally randomized to stepwise or direct complete excavation. Stepwise excavation resulted in fewer pulp exposures compared with direct complete excavation [difference: 11.4%, 95% confidence interval (CI) (1.2; 21.3)]. At 1 yr of follow-up, there was a statistically significantly higher success rate with stepwise excavation, with success being defined as an unexposed pulp with sustained pulp vitality without apical radiolucency [difference: 11.7%, 95% CI (0.5; 22.5)]. In a subsequent nested trial, 58 patients with exposed pulps were randomized to direct capping or partial pulpotomy. We found no significant difference in pulp vitality without apical radiolucency between the two capping procedures after more than 1 yr [31.8% and 34.5%; difference: 2.7%, 95% CI (−22.7; 26.6)]. In conclusion, stepwise excavation decreases the risk of pulp exposure compared with direct complete excavation. In view of the poor prognosis of vital pulp treatment, a stepwise excavation approach for managing deep caries lesions is recommended.
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| 25. |
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| 26. |
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| 27. |
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| 28. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdkedjans aktörer och organisering
- 2014. - 2
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Ingår i: Omvårdnadens grunder. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. - 9789144083544 ; , s. 167-196
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 29. |
- Blomqvist, Kerstin, et al.
(författare)
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Vårdkedjans aktörer och organisering
- 2014
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Ingår i: Omvårdnadens grunder. - Lund : Studentlitteratur. ; :2, s. 167-196
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 30. |
- Bränning, Camilla, et al.
(författare)
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Counterworking Male Takeover during Class Room Activities in Superior Technical Education
- 2005
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Ingår i: [Host publication title missing].
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- An increase in student activity is the goal of various pedagogic approaches and highly valued in most teaching situations. The benefits of student activation are widely discussed in literature (Fox, 1983), but possible drawbacks of such techniques need to be identified and compensations need to be found. This paper discusses a case study concerning one particular course moment, a seminar, held over a two-year period in a program with a strong underrepresentation of female students. The study shows how changes in the pedagogic approach can lead to an increased student activity, although accompanied by a total male takeover of the class room activity. It seems like traditional social structures tend to take over the class room activities, determining the roles that different gender groups may play (Parker, 1996; Olevard, 1997). At the same time, seminars are an important factor in the socialization of students, affecting the following cultural and structural development in the academia. “Hence, besides the content of the course, students attending seminars learn social structures as well, determining who may or may not speak” (Gunnarsson, 1995). The tools presented in this paper are applicable in any LTH classroom and also in future work places. To counterwork male takeover, without suppressing the overall student activity, is the topic of this paper. Different pedagogic measures are analyzed in this context and discussed in the paper.
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