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Sökning: LAR1:gu > Tidskriftsartikel > Chalmers tekniska högskola

  • Resultat 2801-2810 av 6247
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2801.
  • Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Participatory place branding through design: the case of Dunga beach in Kisumu, Kenya
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Place Branding and Public Diplomacy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1751-8040 .- 1751-8059. ; 11:3, s. 226-242
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • For place branding to reach long-term commitment and legitimacy a large number of stakeholders needs to be involved. This calls for innovative ways of approaching the process itself, permitting it to be participatory and changeable. In this article, the purpose is to describe, in detail, how a place branding process can take place in practice, and illustrate how an integration of design can act as a mean to reach community participation. The example is a tourism development case in Kisumu, Kenya where the authors were actively involved in destination branding. The findings show how the empathic and intuitive process of design allows each activity to lead to the other in an evolutionary way, and how visual tools can strengthen communication between participants as well as stimulate idea generation. The implication is that place branding should be viewed as consisting of several ongoing processes with multiple stakeholders. With the introduction of evolutionary and visual elements to these processes, they become more participatory, changeable and sustainable.
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2802.
  • Jernsand, Eva Maria, 1967, et al. (författare)
  • Tourism Experience Innovation Through Design
  • 2015
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1502-2250 .- 1502-2269. ; 15:Supplement 1, s. 98-119
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Experience innovation is described as collaborative and integrated in day-to-day work. However, a challenge is to capture people's tacit knowledge and make it explicit, in order to bring forth ideas and concepts. The purpose of this article is to illustrate how design can be integrated with experience innovation. A model for experience innovation and design is presented which complies with the prototyping phase of the design process. Visual representations are used for communication and idea generation between stakeholders, to make them build on each other's ideas. The case is the development of a guided tour in Dunga beach, Kisumu, Kenya. Dunga beach is seen as the experiencescape, where the interactions with the physical and social environment become part of the experience innovation process. By active involvement as partners and participants in collaborative activities with guides, residents and tourists, the authors were able to get an in-depth understanding of how experience innovation took place in Dunga. The implication is that the view of experience innovation as a spiral process within the experiencescape increases the understanding of how specific characteristics of the experience could be considered and developed for new or improved experiences.
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2803.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Changes in adipose tissue gene expression and plasma levels of adipokines and acute-phase proteins in patients with critical illness.
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Metabolism: clinical and experimental. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-8600. ; 58:1, s. 102-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Insulin resistance develops rapidly during critical illness. The release of adipokines from adipose tissue is thought to play a key role in the development of insulin resistance, as are elevated levels of acute-phase proteins. The aim of this study was to identify changes in adipose tissue gene expression and plasma levels of adipokines and acute-phase proteins during critical illness. From 8 patients with subarachnoidal hemorrhage, consecutive blood samples and adipose tissue biopsies were obtained at 3 time points, twice during intensive care (1-2 days [IC1] and 7-9 days after subarachnoidal hemorrhage) and once after 8 months (recovery). The patients received a continuous insulin infusion to maintain normal glucose levels reflecting insulin resistance. The DNA microarray analysis showed increased zink-alpha2 glycoprotein (ZAG) and phospholipase A2, group IIA messenger RNA levels during intensive care compared with recovery (P < .05). Real-time polymerase chain reaction confirmed the increased expression of ZAG and phospholipase A2, group IIA. Plasma levels of ZAG, serum amyloid A, and C-reactive protein were higher at 7 to 9 days after subarachnoidal hemorrhage compared with either IC1 or recovery (P = .0001); and plasma levels of retinol-binding protein 4 and adiponectin were lower at IC1 compared with recovery (P = .05). The described changes in adipose tissue gene expression and plasma levels of adipokines and acute-phase proteins may influence the development of insulin resistance during critical illness.
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2804.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Differences in gene expression and cytokine levels between newly diagnosed and chronic pediatric ITP.
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 122:10, s. 1789-92
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Immune thrombocytopenia (ITP) is an autoimmune disease where platelets are destroyed prematurely. In the majority of children the disease resolves, but in some it becomes chronic. To investigate whether these 2 phases of the disease are molecularly similar or separate entities we performed DNA microarray analysis (GEO accession number: GSE46922) of T-cells from newly diagnosed children and children with chronic ITP. We found complete separation of the gene expression profiles between the 2 phases of the disease. Furthermore, the gene expression levels of several cytokines differed between the 2 phases of the disease. This was also reflected in plasma with increased levels of interleukin (IL)-16 and TNF-related weak inducer of apoptosis and lower levels of IL-4 in newly diagnosed compared with chronic ITP. Thus, our data indicate that chronic ITP in childhood is a separate disease entity, dissimilar in many aspects to the newly diagnosed phase.
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2805.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • MicroRNA regulate immune pathways in T-cells in multiple sclerosis (MS)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: BMC Immunology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2172. ; 14:32
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: MicroRNA are small noncoding RNA molecules that are involved in the control of gene expression. To investigate the role of microRNA in multiple sclerosis (MS), we performed genome-wide expression analyses of mRNA and microRNA in T-cells from MS patients and controls.Methods: Heparin-anticoagulated peripheral blood was collected from MS-patients and healthy controls followed by isolation of T-cells. MicroRNA and RNA from T-cells was prepared and hybridized to Affymetrix miR 2.0 array and Affymetrix U133Plus 2.0 Human Genome array (Santa Clara, CA), respectively. Verifications were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results: We identified 2,452 differentially expressed genes and 21 differentially expressed microRNA between MS patients and controls. By Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, 20 of 21 differentially expressed microRNA were shown to affect the expression of their target genes, many of which were involved in the immune system. Tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 14 (TNFSF14) was a microRNA target gene significantly decreased in MS. The differential expression of mir-494, mir-197 and the predicted microRNA target gene TNFSF14 was verified by real-time PCR and ELISA.Conclusion: These findings indicate that microRNA may be important regulatory molecules in T-cells in MS.
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2806.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • MicroRNA regulate immunological pathways in T-cells in immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Blood. - : American Society of Hematology. - 1528-0020 .- 0006-4971. ; 121:11, s. 2095-2098
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • MicroRNA are small non-coding RNA molecules that regulate gene expression. To investigate the role of microRNA in ITP, we performed genome-wide expression analyses of mRNA and microRNA in T-cells from ITP patients and controls. We identified 1,915 regulated genes and 22 regulated microRNA that differed between ITP patients and controls. Seventeen of the 22 regulated microRNA were linked to changes in target gene expression; 57 of these target genes were associated with the immune system, e.g. T-cell activation and regulation of immunoglobulin production. CXCL13 and IL-21 were two microRNA target genes significantly increased in ITP. We could demonstrate increased plasma levels of CXCL13 and others have reported increased plasma levels of IL-21 in ITP. Thus, regulated microRNA were significantly associated with both gene and protein expression of molecules in immunological pathways. We suggest that microRNA may be important regulatory molecules involved in the loss of tolerance in ITP.
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2807.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • MS risk genes are transcriptionally regulated in CSF leukocytes at relapse
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Multiple sclerosis (Houndmills, Basingstoke, England). - : SAGE Publications. - 1477-0970 .- 1352-4585. ; 19:4, s. 403-410
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Infiltrating T-helper cells, cytotoxic T-cells, B-cells and monocytes are thought to mediate the damage to myelin, oligodendrocytes and axons in multiple sclerosis (MS), which results in progressive disability. OBJECTIVE: The objective of this paper is to explore gene expression profiles of leukocytes in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) compartment of MS patients during relapse. METHODS: Global gene expression was analyzed by DNA microarray analysis of cells in CSF from MS patients and controls, and verifications were performed with real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). RESULTS: Fifty percent of the recently described risk genes for MS and 28% of non-risk genes were differently expressed in MS patients compared to controls (χ(2)-test, p=7.7 × 10(-5)). Genes involved in T- and NK-cell processes were up-regulated, and genes involved in processes targeting innate immunity or B-cells were down-regulated in MS. Increased expression of EDN1 and CXCL11 and decreased expression of HMOX1 was verified with real-time PCR and increased expression of CXCL13 was verified with ELISA in CSF. CONCLUSION: DNA microarray analysis is useful in identifying differently expressed genes in CSF leukocytes, which may be important in MS in vivo. Our findings suggest that many of the risk genes for MS are differently expressed in the disease-mediating leukocytes that penetrate the blood-brain barrier.
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2808.
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2809.
  • Jernås, Margareta, 1961, et al. (författare)
  • Separation of human adipocytes by size: hypertrophic fat cells display distinct gene expression
  • 2006
  • Ingår i: The FASEB Journal. - : Wiley. - 1530-6860 .- 0892-6638. ; 20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Enlarged adipocytes are associated with insulin resistance and are an independent predictor of type 2 diabetes. To understand the molecular link between these diseases and adipocyte hypertrophy, we developed a technique to separate human adipocytes from an adipose tissue sample into populations of small cells (mean 57.6+-3.54 um) and large cells (mean 100.1+-3.94 um). Microarray analysis of the cell populations separated from adipose tissue from three subjects identified 14 genes, of which five immune-related, with more than fourfold higher expression in large cells than small cells. Two of these genes were serum amyloid A (SAA) and transmembrane 4 L six family member 1 (TM4SF1). Real-time RT-PCR analysis of SAA and TM4SF1 expression in adipocytes from seven subjects revealed 19-fold and 22-fold higher expression in the large cells, respectively, and a correlation between adipocyte size and both SAA and TM4SF1 expression. The results were verified using immunohistochemistry. In comparison with 17 other human tissues and cell types by microarray, large adipocytes displayed by far the highest SAA and TM4SF1 expression. Thus, we have identified genes with markedly higher expression in large, compared with small, human adipocytes. These genes may link hypertrophic obesity to insulin resistance/type 2 diabetes.
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2810.
  • Jethava, Vinay, 1982, et al. (författare)
  • Lovasz theta function, SVMs and Finding Dense Subgraphs
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Journal of machine learning research. - 1532-4435 .- 1533-7928. ; 14, s. 3495-3536
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper we establish that the Lovasz theta function on a graph can be restated as a kernel learning problem. We introduce the notion of SVM-theta graphs, on which Lovasz theta function can be approximated well by a Support vector machine (SVM). We show that Erdos-Renyi random G(n, p) graphs are SVM-theta graphs for log(4)n/n <= p < 1. Even if we embed a large clique of size Theta(root np/1-p) in a G(n, p) graph the resultant graph still remains a SVM-theta graph. This immediately suggests an SVM based algorithm for recovering a large planted clique in random graphs. Associated with the theta function is the notion of orthogonal labellings. We introduce common orthogonal labellings which extends the idea of orthogonal labellings to multiple graphs. This allows us to propose a Multiple Kernel learning (MKL) based solution which is capable of identifying a large common dense subgraph in multiple graphs. Both in the planted clique case and common subgraph detection problem the proposed solutions beat the state of the art by an order of magnitude.
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