| 1. |
- Ohlsson, Claes, 1970-, et al.
(author)
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The Framing of Corporate Social Responsibility and the Globalization of National Business Systems : A Longitudinal Case Study
- 2010
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In: Journal of Business Ethics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0167-4544 .- 1573-0697. ; 93:4, s. 653-669
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The globalization movement in recent decades has meant rapid growth in trade, financial transactions, and cross-country ownership of economic assets. In this article, we examine how the globalization of national business systems has influenced the framing of corporate social responsibility (CSR). This is done using text analysis of CEO letters appearing in the annual reports of 15 major corporations in Sweden during a period of transformational change. The results show that the discourse about CSR in the annual reports has changed from a national and communitarian view of social responsibility (cf. a negotiated view of CSR) toward an international and individualistic view of social responsibility (cf. a self-regulating view of CSR). The article contributes theoretically (1) by adding a national–global dimension to previous conceptualizations of CSR and (2) by showing that the rise of CSR discourse and activities in the last 10 years does not have to imply an increased commitment and interest in corporate responsibility per se, only that there are increased societal expectations that corporations should develop the capability to act more independently as moral agents.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Wirsenius, Stefan, 1963, et al.
(author)
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How much land is needed for global food production under scenarios of dietary changes and livestock productivity increases in 2030?
- 2010
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In: Agricultural Systems. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-2267 .- 0308-521X. ; 103:9, s. 621-638
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Growing global population figures and per-capita incomes imply an increase in food demand and pressure to expand agricultural land. Agricultural expansion into natural ecosystems affects biodiversity and leads to substantial carbon dioxide emissions.Considerable attention has been paid to prospects for increasing food availability, and limiting agricultural expansion, through higher yields on cropland. In contrast, prospects for efficiency improvements in the entire food-chain and dietary changes toward less land-demanding food have not been explored as extensively. In this study, we present model-based scenarios of global agricultural land use in 2030, as a basis for investigating the potential for land-minimized growth of world food supply through: (i) faster growth in feed-to-food efficiency in animal food production; (ii) decreased food wastage; and (iii) dietary changes in favor of vegetable food and less land-demanding meat. The scenarios are based in part on projections of global food agriculture for 2030 by the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations, FAO. The scenario calculations were carried out by means of a physical model of the global food and agriculture system that calculates the land area and crops/pasture production necessary to provide for a given level of food consumption.In the reference scenario - developed to represent the FAO projections - global agricultural area expands from the current 5.1. billion ha to 5.4. billion. ha in 2030. In the faster-yet-feasible livestock productivity growth scenario, global agricultural land use decreases to 4.8. billion. ha. In a third scenario, combining the higher productivity growth with a substitution of pork and/or poultry for 20% of ruminant meat, land use drops further, to 4.4. billion. ha. In a fourth scenario, applied mainly to high-income regions, that assumes a minor transition towards vegetarian food (25% decrease in meat consumption) and a somewhat lower food wastage rate, land use in these regions decreases further, by about 15%. © 2010 Elsevier Ltd.
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| 4. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Integrating the performance management process of on-time delivery with suppliers
- 2010
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In: International Journal of Logistics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1367-5567 .- 1469-848X. ; 13:3, s. 225-241
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper discusses the importance of integrating the performance management (PM) process of on-time delivery with suppliers and analyses the perceived degree of such integration. It describes how the PM process of on-time delivery is managed in manufacturing companies and compares the integration and management issues of on-time delivery between companies with high and low perceived on-time delivery performance. Analysis is based on a survey study of Swedish manufacturing companies in 10 industrial sectors. The focus is on on-time delivery from the respondents' most important supplier. The PM activities defining metrics, target setting, measurement and analysis are not highly integrated between customers and suppliers when measuring on-time delivery. This is especially true for measurement activity, which is the activity with most issues to manage and integrate. The PM issues most significantly related to high on-time delivery performance were automated data collection, registration and report generation.
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| 5. |
- Forslund, Helena, 1964-, et al.
(author)
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Selection, implementation and use of ERP systems for supply chain performance management
- 2010
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In: Industrial management & data systems. - : Emerald. - 0263-5577 .- 1758-5783. ; 110:8, s. 1159-1175
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Purpose – The paper aims to explore how supply chain performance management (PM) isaffected by the decisions made in the enterprise resource planning (ERP) system lifecycle phases.Design/methodology/approach – Datawere collected in amultiple case study of fourmanufacturing companies.Findings – Four PM activities and three ERP system lifecycle phases were described and analyzed. Eight propositions were generated from theory and the case analyses. Detailed demand specifications could have improved target setting and reporting possibilities, PM education and training seem to be important in both the implementation and the use phase and supply chain PM is highly affected in the use phase.Research limitations/implications – The paper is explorative. A required next step would be to test the generated propositions on a larger population.Practical implications – Propositions of what supply chain PM issues manufacturing companies should consider in the ERP system selection, implementation and use phases are presented. The results indicate that a lot of supply chain PM improvements can be realized within the use phase of an existing ERP system. Originality/value – No previous paper has focused upon how to consider supply chain PM when implementing ERP systems. This is needed because previous studies have identified ERP systems as obstacles for supply chain PM.
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| 6. |
- Coria, Jessica, 1979, et al.
(author)
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The progress of GHG markets : opportunities and risks
- 2010
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Reports (other academic/artistic)abstract
- The climate negotiations at the COP15 in December 2009 did not produce a new international treaty with binding emissions commitments but the Copenhagen Accord for dealing with post-2012 climate change. Given the current climate negotiation process it is unlikely that we will see a global climate agreement soon on a global cap between all Convention members participating in a single carbon market. We may be more likely to see a stepwise process moving towards this scenario, most likely involving linkages between different national policy programs when it comes to mitigation as well as offsetting emissions. In such a process countries will offer commitments based on their domestic abilities, preferences and policies, norms and institutions. National and sub-national policies are thus likely to be the de-facto building blocks of nations' abilities to make and fulfill international commitments. However, also with multilateral mitigation programs without binding commitments, carbon markets will be needed as well as international authorities that support measurement, reporting and verification rules and the international registries. Such markets will necessarily be complicated and temporary in a world without an overarching binding agreement. There will be numerous tradeoffs between different kinds of second-best arrangements. The purpose of this report is to build knowledge about the effects of the development of regional and international carbon markets and the auxiliary technology agreements that might be needed. Among the topics we address are: the evolution and integration of carbon markets, the impacts of policy and technology cost uncertainty on the cost of meeting targets through a carbon market mechanism, the effect of banking, price floors and ceilings, institutional constraints and technological change in the further development of carbon markets and their links to other environmental policy instruments, and the potential of REDD-plus to encourage sustainable forest development and climate mitigation.
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| 7. |
- Raharjo, Hendry, 1978, et al.
(author)
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On integrating Kano's model dynamics into QFD for multiple product design
- 2010
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In: Quality and Reliability Engineering International. - : Wiley. - 1099-1638 .- 0748-8017. ; 26:4, s. 351-363
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The Design for Six Sigma (DFSS) framework places a strong emphasis on the need to conform to the customer needs or voices early in the design phase. The key problem in the context of a Rapidly changing environment due to influx of new technology and innovation, is that things may become obsolete much faster than ever. What now delights the customer will become an expected need in the Near Future. Such dynamics is, unfortunately, very often overlooked and has not been adequately addressed in the literature. To fill in this niche, this paper proposes a methodology to advance the use of the Quality Function Deployment (QFD), As One Of The Widely accepted tools into products or services design process, with respect to Kano's model dynamics. Specifically, based on the information from Kano questionnaire, it provides a quantitative approach to observe and follow the change over time. Not only can it show how strong a certainement Kano's category changes over time, but it can also forecast the future needs, Which is useful to Tackle the Customer's preference change during product creation process. Afterwards, the forecasted customer needs can be used within an optimization framework for multiple product design. An illustrative example is provided to give some practical insights.
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| 8. |
- Szücs, Stefan, 1964, et al.
(author)
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Local Political Capital for Innovation in the Global Knowledge Economy
- 2010
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In: Book of Abstracts, XVII World Congress of Sociology, 11-17 July 2010, Gothenburg. ; XVII, s. 472-473
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Over the last decade, policy initiatives to promote innovativeness and growth, inspired by normative models of capacity building through industrial clusters, triple helix and innovation systems, have proliferated. Theories of economic development offer several explanations of the emergence of clusters in particular environments. Most theorists would argue that specific, natural, economic, or institutional factors determine capacity building in terms of cluster development. Other theorists emphasize the role of local social networks and phases of regional knowledge-based spaces in explaining the emergence of such capacity building. Neither of these theoretical streams offers systematic explanations of differences in the emergence and success of capacity building, beyond finding that crucial resources are unevenly distributed. The theoretical linkage between triple helix and capacity building through innovation governance is unclear. We still do not have a relevant theory explaining the influence of innovation governance involving local/regional government–industry–university relationships on capacity building leading to successful innovations. Therefore, we are making a proposal to further develop theory by focusing on capacity building through different sequences of innovation governance in relation to components of local political capital - values/norms of identity, networks and local-global relations - in the era of the global knowledge economy.
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| 9. |
- Ljung, Margareta, 1945-
(author)
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Function Based Manning and Aspects of Flexibility
- 2010
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In: WMU Journal of Maritime Affairs (JoMA). - 1651-436X .- 1654-1642. ; 9:1, s. 121-133
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the article is to examine the concept of flexibility from a shipping perspective. Flexibility is examined in order to develop strategies, theoretical and applicable, in the field of Function Based Manning (FBM), for achieving optimized manning, which is not the same as reduced manning, with a healthy crew. This is a complex concept in many aspects. Based on research on working life and work organizations conducted by social scientists, two aspects of flexibility are examined; functional flexibility including job enrichment and competence training, and working time flexibility. These issues are analyzed from a shipping perspective. The concept is double-edged in the sense that it entails both having flexibility and being flexible. Does flexibility only serve the interests of the employer? Or, do workers also benefit from flexibility? By combining these two aspects of flexibility, a win-win situation benefiting both employers and employees can be achieved. This article highlights and discusses strategies intended to promote the implementation of amodel of optimized manning.
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| 10. |
- Paju, Marja, et al.
(author)
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Framework and Indicators for a Sustainable Manufacturing Mapping Methodology
- 2010
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In: Proceedings of the 2010 Winter Simulation Conference. - 9781424498642 ; 42, s. 3411-3422
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Reducing costs, improving quality, shortening the time-to-market, and at the same time act and think sus-tainable are major challenges for manufacturing industries. To strive towards these objectives, discrete event simulation (DES) has proven to be an effective tool for production system decision support. Large companies continuously log raw data, and are therefore able to collect large quantities of re-source event information. However, usually it is difficult to reuse data for future DES projects. Thus, the aim of this paper is to describe how to facilitate data sharing between data sources and DES models. A test implementation of a simulation data architecture has been realized. A data processing tool, a database and an interface were created, which provide reusable resource event data to pave the way for sustainable resource information in DES projects. The entirety data exchange is provided by standard XML documents following the latest Core Manufacturing Simulation Data recommendations.
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