| 43921. |
- Lennartsson, Tommy, et al.
(författare)
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Diversity in Ecological and Social Contexts
- 2018
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Ingår i: Issues and Concepts in Historical Ecology. - Cambridge : Cambridge University Press. - 9781108420983 - 9781108355780 ; , s. 182-239
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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| 43922. |
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| 43923. |
- Lennelöv, E., et al.
(författare)
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The Prevalence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms among Cross-Country Skiers in Early Adolescence
- 2019
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Ingår i: Canadian Respiratory Journal. - : Hindawi Publishing Corporation. - 1916-7245 .- 1198-2241. ; 2019
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: To determine the prevalence of asthma and respiratory symptoms among Swedish cross-country skiers in early adolescence in comparison to a population-based reference group of similar ages.Methods: A postal questionnaire on asthma, asthma medication, allergy, respiratory symptoms, and physical activity was distributed to Swedish competitive cross-country skiers aged 12–15 years (n = 331) and a population-based reference group (n = 1000). The level of asthma control was measured by the Asthma Control Test.Results: The response rate was 27% (n = 87) among skiers and 29% (n = 292) in the reference group. The prevalence of self-reported asthma (physician-diagnosed asthma and use of asthma medication in the last 12 months) and the prevalence of reported wheezing during the last 12 months were 23% and 25%, respectively, among skiers, which were significantly higher than the values reported in the reference group (12% and 14%). Skiers exercised more hours/week than the reference group. Among adolescents with self-reported asthma, neither the usage of asthma medications nor the level of asthma control according to the Asthma Control Test differed between skiers and the reference group.Conclusions: Adolescent competitive cross-country skiers have an increased prevalence of respiratory symptoms and asthma compared to nonskiers.
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| 43924. |
- Lenner, Per, et al.
(författare)
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Excess Mortality from Breast Cancer in Relation to Mammograpy Screening in Northern Sweden
- 1997
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Screening. - : Sage Publications. - 0969-1413 .- 1475-5793. ; 4:1, s. 6-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objectives—Previous randomised studies of mammography screening have shown a significant effect on breast cancer mortality, particularly in women aged 50–Q69 at randomisation. Breast cancer mortality has traditionally been studied by judgments on causes of death, either from cause of death registers or from medical records. In this study an alternative method was used, estimating the excess mortality associated with breast cancer.Setting—In 1990 two counties of northern Sweden started population based mammography screening of women aged 40–74. The unscreened population in the two other counties of the same region were selected as controls.Results—Excess mortality associated with breast cancer was lower in the screened population, and was discernible three to four years after the start of screening. The relative risk estimate, based on the cumulative excess number of deaths from breast cancer during 1990–95 in the screened versus the control population aged 40–74 (at diagnosis of breast cancer), was 0.72 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.53 to 0.99). For women aged 50–69 it was 0.67 (95% CI 0.46 to 0.99). In the 50–69 age group the estimated excess number of deaths from breast cancer during 1995 was 17.0 per 100 000 women (95% CI 5.0 to 29.0) in the screened counties and 51.1 per 100 000 (95% CI 30.2 to 71.9) in the unscreened counties.Conclusions—Population based routine screening has substantial effects on breast cancer mortality in women aged 50–69. Estimation of excess mortality can be used in future studies to evaluate the effects of mammography screening on breast cancer mortality.
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| 43925. |
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| 43926. |
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| 43927. |
- Lennestål, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Maternal use of antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably the presence of congenital heart defects in the infants
- 2009
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Ingår i: European Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-1041 .- 0031-6970. ; 65:6, s. 615-625
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose To investigate the association between maternal use of antihypertensives in early pregnancy and delivery outcome, notably infant congenital malformations. Methods A cohort study of 1,418 women who had used antihypertensive drugs in early pregnancy but had no diabetes diagnosis were identified from the Swedish Medical Birth Register. Results There was an excess risk for placental abruption, caesarean section, delivery induction, and post-delivery hemorrhage in women taking hypertensives. Infants were more often than expected born preterm, were small for gestational age, and had an excess of various neonatal symptoms. Cardiovascular defects occurred with an adjusted odds ratio of 2.59 (95% CI 1.92-3.51). The results were similar when the woman had used ACE inhibitors or other antihypertensives, notably beta blockers. Stillbirth rate was increased (risk ratio 1.87, 95% CI 1.02-3.02), again without any clear drug specificity. Conclusions There seems to be little drug specificity in the association between maternal use of antihypertensives and an increased risk for infant cardiovascular defects.
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| 43928. |
- Lennestål, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Urine monitoring of diazepam abuse : new intake or not?
- 2008
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Ingår i: Journal of Analytical Toxicology. - 0146-4760 .- 1945-2403. ; 32:6, s. 402-407
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Testing for drugs-of-abuse in urine is requested for multiple reasons, including legal and workplace policies. Two cases were studied in which there was a suspicion that the patients continued to abuse diazepam, because of repeatedly positive urine samples. In these cases, diazepam metabolites were measured in urine samples by gas or liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry. The concentrations of diazepam metabolites were subsequently creatinine correlated. Very long elimination times were found in the described cases. None of them had in fact ingested diazepam again during the study period. By the use of pharmacogenetic typing, one of the subjects was found to have a slow metabolism for CYP2C9 as well as for CYP2C19. In the second case, there was a possible drug interaction between diazepam and zolpidem.
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| 43929. |
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| 43930. |
- Lenoir, Jonathan, et al.
(författare)
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Local temperatures inferred from plant communities suggest strong spatial buffering of climate warming across Northern Europe
- 2013
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Ingår i: Global Change Biology. - : Wiley. - 1354-1013 .- 1365-2486. ; 19:5, s. 1470-1481
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Recent studies from mountainous areas of small spatial extent (<2500km2) suggest that fine-grained thermal variability over tens or hundreds of metres exceeds much of the climate warming expected for the coming decades. Such variability in temperature provides buffering to mitigate climate-change impacts. Is this local spatial buffering restricted to topographically complex terrains? To answer this, we here study fine-grained thermal variability across a 2500-km wide latitudinal gradient in Northern Europe encompassing a large array of topographic complexities. We first combined plant community data, Ellenberg temperature indicator values, locally measured temperatures (LmT) and globally interpolated temperatures (GiT) in a modelling framework to infer biologically relevant temperature conditions from plant assemblages within <1000-m2 units (community-inferred temperatures: CiT). We then assessed: (1) CiT range (thermal variability) within 1-km2 units; (2) the relationship between CiT range and topographically and geographically derived predictors at 1-km resolution; and (3) whether spatial turnover in CiT is greater than spatial turnover in GiT within 100-km2 units. Ellenberg temperature indicator values in combination with plant assemblages explained 4672% of variation in LmT and 9296% of variation in GiT during the growing season (June, July, August). Growing-season CiT range within 1-km2 units peaked at 6065 degrees N and increased with terrain roughness, averaging 1.97 degrees C (SD=0.84 degrees C) and 2.68 degrees C (SD=1.26 degrees C) within the flattest and roughest units respectively. Complex interactions between topography-related variables and latitude explained 35% of variation in growing-season CiT range when accounting for sampling effort and residual spatial autocorrelation. Spatial turnover in growing-season CiT within 100-km2 units was, on average, 1.8 times greater (0.32 degrees Ckm1) than spatial turnover in growing-season GiT (0.18 degrees Ckm1). We conclude that thermal variability within 1-km2 units strongly increases local spatial buffering of future climate warming across Northern Europe, even in the flattest terrains.
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