| 1. |
- Larsson, Christer, et al.
(författare)
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Carbachol-stimulated Ca2+ increase in single neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells: effects of ethanol
- 1998
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Ingår i: Alcoholism: Clinical and Experimental Research. - : Wiley. - 0145-6008 .- 1530-0277. ; 22:3, s. 637-645
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The effect of ethanol on the characteristics of carbachol-stimulated release of Ca2+ from intracellular Ca2+ stores was studied in single SH-SY5Y cells. Stimulation with carbachol, in the absence of extracellular Ca2+, elicited a rapid Ca2+ increase in SH-SY5Y cells peaking within seconds after addition of maximal agonist concentration. The Ca2+ response pattern in single cells resembled the population response, and there was no evidence of oscillatory changes in cytosolic [Ca2+] ([Ca2+]i). However, cell-to-cell variability could be detected in the magnitude and the latency time of the response, and in the rate of [Ca2+]i increase. In a carbachol dose-response analysis, the EC50 for the number of responsive cells and for the peak [Ca2+]i response was lower than that for carbachol-induced inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate formation by a factor of 5 to 50. Ethanol (100 mM) caused a significant suppression of the number of responsive cells, but only when cells were stimulated with nonsaturating carbachol concentrations (1 and 10 microM). The suppression by ethanol was evident primarily in those cells that gave a Ca2+ response after several seconds of stimulation, whereas cells that responded within the initial seconds of receptor stimulation remained relatively unaffected. In responding cells stimulated with 10 microM carbachol, ethanol exposure also suppressed the maximal Ca2+ increase primarily in those cells that responded late. We suggest that ethanol suppression of muscarinic receptor-mediated signal transduction through the phospholipase C pathway may depend on the potentiation of feedback inhibition that requires receptor stimulation.
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| 2. |
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| 3. |
- Ringvall-Moberg, Annie, 1988
(författare)
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Spectroscopy of Stable and Radioactive Negative Ions
- 2023
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Negative ions are unique quantum systems which are of fundamental interest within the field of atomic physics due to the importance of the electron correlation in their creation, stability, and existence. Properties of these ions, such as the electron affinity, i.e. the binding energy of the additional electron (EA), are of importance for example within theoretical calculations, astrophysics, medical applications, antimatter studies, and accelerator mass spectrometry. This work aims to improve the understanding of negative ions and electron correlation by measuring previously not, or less precisely, known binding energies and lifetimes of both stable and radioactive negative ions by using laser photodetachment spectroscopy. In order to achieve this, several technical developments were carried out and their feasibility was demonstrated. The measurements were performed at several different facilities: ISOLDE at CERN, the Gothenburg University Negative Ion and Laser LAboratory (GUNILLA), the Double ElectroStatic Ion Ring ExpEriment (DESIREE). The results of this thesis can be divided into different categories, the first being the determinations of the EAs of 128-iodine of 3.059 052(38) eV and of 211-astatine to be 2.415 78(7) eV, marking the first ever measurements of EAs of radioactive isotopes, and thereby paving the way to future EA measurements of other elements of the periodic table. Second, high precision measurements of the EAs of cesium and rubidium have been performed at GUNILLA, utilizing a new technique: state selected detection of the residual atom in the photodetachment processes. The measured EAs were determined to be 471.5987(6) meV for cesium and 485.898(4) meV for rubidium, which are both improvements of previously determined values. This measurement technique can, if combined with the radioactive beam technique at CERN, be applied to study francium. Third, the radiative lifetimes of the excited states in rhodium have been investigated at the DESIREE facility. In addition to the two previously known bound states, a highly mixed bound state and an autodetaching state were observed. By measuring radiative lifetimes of negative ions, theoretical models within this field can be benchmarked. Fourth, the molecular dissociation process within the Radio-Frequency Quadrupole cooler and buncher (RFQcb), ISCOOL, at ISOLDE, CERN, has been investigated to determine the efficiency of producing atomic beams from molecular beams. Finally, a new non-radioactive mass separator beamline has been designed, built and commissioned at ISOLDE, CERN. This new facility will be dedicated to ion source developments, beam optics and beam manipulation studies aiming to improve ion beam quality and the performance of targetion sources during on-line operation at the ISOLDE facility.
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| 4. |
- Överstam, Henrik
(författare)
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The influence of bearing geometry on the residual stress state in cold drawn wire, analysed by the FEM
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Materials Processing Technology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0924-0136 .- 1873-4774. ; 171:3, s. 446-450
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Finite element simulations have been performed in order to study the influence of bearing geometry on the residual stress-state in cold drawn wires. Experiments in full industrial scale have been performed in order to verify the FEM results. The residual stresses were measured with X-ray diffraction in both the axial and tangential direction. The material used was a high carbon steel for roller bearings, 100Cr6. It was found that the geometry of the bearing has a large influence of the residual stress-state. When the bearing is somewhat tapered, a gap in the beginning of the bearing is formed. This "double contact" reduces the axial and tangential residual stress to minimum or even to a compressive state. A cylindrical bearing gave no contact in the bearing at all due to elastic deformation. This resulted in a large axial and tangential residual stress. It was shown that even a small divergence from the desired bearing geometry due to the grinding of the die could affect the residual stress immensely.
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| 5. |
- Andersson, Elias, et al.
(författare)
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Adaptation to climate change in forestry : a perspective on forest ownership and adaptation responses
- 2017
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Ingår i: Forests. - : MDPI. - 1999-4907. ; 8:12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Adaptation to climate change has often been discussed from the perspectives of social vulnerability and community vulnerability, recognising that characteristics at local level will influence the particular adaptations undertaken. However, the extent to which national-level systemic factors influence and shape measures defined as adaptations has seldom been recognised. Focusing on adaptation to climate change in forestry, this study uses the example of two countries in the northern hemisphere with different forest ownership structures, forestry industry and traditions: Sweden, with strong private, non-industrial ownership, dominant forest industry and long forestry traditions; and Scotland, with forest ownership dominated by large estates and investment forestry based on plantations of exotic conifer species. The study shows how adaptation to climate change is structurally embedded and conditioned, which has resulted in specific challenges and constraints for different groups of forest owners within these two different contexts. This produces a specific set of political spaces and policy tools by rendering climate change in relation to forestry manageable, negotiable and practical/logical in specific ways. It is recommended that the focus of future work on climate-related issues and development of adaptation measures and policy should not be primarily on climate-related factors, but on institutional analysis of structural factors and logics in target sectors, in order to critically explore concepts of agency and power within these processes.
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| 6. |
- Browaldh, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Celiaki är en vanlig sjukdom som är lätt att missa
- 2014
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Ingår i: Läkartidningen. - : Swedish Medical Association. - 0023-7205 .- 1652-7518. ; 111:11, s. 484-488
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Celiaki ansågs länge som en ovanlig barnsjukdom, men är en vanlig sjukdom som drabbar alla åldrar. Genomförda screeningar av normalbefolkningen visar att merparten inte fått diagnos eller behandling. Den kliniska bilden varierar: alltifrån diffusa besvär eller inga symtom alls till allvarliga gastrointestinala symtom med grav avmagring och tillväxtrubbning till följd av malabsorption. Klinisk misstanke om eller hereditet för celiaki bör föranleda analys av specifika serologiska markörer. Gastroskopi med tunntarmsbiopsi bör övervägas för att bekräfta eller utesluta diagnosen.
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| 7. |
- Lieber, R. L., et al.
(författare)
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Biomechanical properties of the brachioradialis muscle: Implications for surgical tendon transfer
- 2005
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Ingår i: J Hand Surg [Am]. - 0363-5023. ; 30:2, s. 273-82
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PURPOSE: To understand the mechanical properties of the brachioradialis (BR) muscle and to use this information to simulate a BR-to-flexor pollicis longus (FPL) tendon transfer for restoration of lateral pinch. METHODS: The BR mechanical properties were measured intraoperatively. Passive elastic properties were measured by elongating BR muscles at constant velocity while they were attached directly to a dual-mode servomotor. Sarcomere length was measured intraoperatively and in situ by laser diffraction with the elbow fully extended. Then both the mechanical and structural properties were programmed into a surgical simulator to test the hand surgeon's decision making when tensioning muscles in a simulated BR-to-FPL tendon transfer. RESULTS: Passive mechanical BR properties were highly nonlinear. Under slack conditions sarcomere length (mean +/- standard deviation) was 2.81 +/- 0.10 microm (n = 4), corresponding to an active force of 93% maximum. Sarcomere length of the BR measured in situ with the elbow fully extended and the forearm in neutral rotation was 3.90 +/- 0.27 microm (n = 8), corresponding to an active force of only 23% maximum. Surgeons, who tensioned the BR for transfer into the FPL using only tactile feedback from the surgical simulator, attached the muscle at a passive tension of 5.87 +/- 0.97 N, which corresponded to a sarcomere length of 3.84 microm and an active muscle force of 27% maximum. Passive BR tension when both tactile and visual information were provided to the surgeon was significantly lower (2.42 +/- 0.72 N), corresponding to a sarcomere length of 3.56 mum and a much higher active muscle force of 45% maximum. CONCLUSIONS: When these data were used to model pretransfer and posttransfer function dramatic differences in predicted function were obtained depending on the tensioning protocol chosen. This emphasizes the point that the decision-making process used during muscle tensioning has a profound effect on the functional outcome of the transfer.
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| 9. |
- Svedberg Helgesson, Karin, et al.
(författare)
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Conclusions: The Manifestations of Securitization
- 2012
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Ingår i: Securitization, Accountability and Risk Management: Transforming the Public Security Domain. - : Routledge. - 9780203128282 - 9780415680141
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 10. |
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