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| 3. |
- Ahlberg, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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Proton-Induced X-Ray Emission in the Trace Analysis of Human Tooth Enamel and Dentine
- 1976
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Ingår i: International Journal of Applied Radiation and Isotopes. ; 27:5-6, s. 279-290
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this study the feasibility of applying proton-induced X-ray emission spectroscopy (PIXE) to the trace element analysis of human tooth enamel and dentine is investigated. Detection limits on the order of 1–10 ppm are obtained. Depth yields for different elements and proton energies are discussed. Enhancement calculations show that the effect for PIXE analysis is less important than for X-ray induced X-ray analysis. However, for elements with an absorption edge just below an intense X-ray line from a major element the enhancement effect is significant, and, due to the 40% calcium in the enamel matrix, it is estimated to be 15% for potassium. The importance of a smooth sample surface is discussed.
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| 5. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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Particle Size Distribution and Human Respiratory Deposition of Trace Metals in Indoor Work Environments
- 1976
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Ingår i: Annals of Occupational Hygiene. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1475-3162. ; 19:3-4, s. 225-238
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Respiratory response to inhalation of fine particles has been investigated for the aerosol generated by welding. Particles were sampled using a pair of 5-stage cascade impactors operating at 1 l./min flow rate. The subject exhaled into one impactor through an air ballast arrangement, and the other impactor simultaneously sampled the surrounding air. Particle size fractions were analyzed for principal elemental constituents from sulphur to lead using proton induced X-ray emission, PIXE. The results indicated a complex respiratory response, including both increase in particle size due to exposure to high humidity in the respiratory tract and deposition of particles during inhalation. The response was found to be different for the element group Mn, Cr, Fe, Ni compared to the group K, Ca, Ti by observing the associations among the elements as a function of particle size in the inhaled and exhaled aerosol. However, for respiratory deposition efficiency alone in all runs averaged together, no systematic differences between the different elements are demonstrated at the 99 % confidence level.
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| 8. |
- Akselsson, Roland, et al.
(författare)
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X-Ray Techniques for Aerosol Sulfur Baseline Assessment Along an Urban Freeway
- 1976
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Ingår i: Advances in X-Ray Analysis. ; 19, s. 415-425
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Atmospheric aerosol particles have been sampled near a Los Angeles freeway and analyzed by proton-induced X-ray emission, PIXE, as a sulfur baseline study in September 1974 before 1975-model automobiles, equipped with catalytic emission control devices, appeared in large numbers. The sampling plan was optimized according to the requirements of X-ray analysis techniques, fluctuations in air flow across the freeway, and the time and particle size resolution of the aerosol sampling equipment. During five selected two-hour intervals with cross wind conditions, particles were collected as a function of size by six cascade impactors operating simultaneously on three towers at 2 and 7 meters above road level 35 meters upwind and 35 meters downwind of the traffic lanes. Particles as a function of time were sampled continuously, for the 100-hour duration of the experiment, from the tree 7-meter heights using time series streaker filter samplers with two-hour time resolution. Precise analysis of S, Cl, K, Ca, Fe, Br, and Pb established relationships which permit estimates to be made of future increases in particulate sulfur as a consequence of increased sulfate emissions from catalytic automobiles
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| 9. |
- Bohgard, Mats, et al.
(författare)
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ESCA analyser av krom i svetsrök
- 1976
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Ingår i: Svenska Läkaresällskapets riksstämma 1976. ; , s. 69-69
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)
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