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- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Activation of social norms in social dilemmas: A review of the evidence and reflections on the implications for environmental behaviour
- 2007
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Ingår i: Journal of Economic Psychology. ; 28, s. 93-112
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Taking rational choice theory for granted, cooperation in social dilemmas may be seen as mysterious. In one-shot dilemmas where subjects unknown to one another interact and make their decisions anonymously, cooperation could even be regarded as lunacy. Several authors have challenged this view, though. Research has also identified various factors that imply why people cooperate or defect in social dilemmas and what motivations that might guide the decision in one way or the other. Here, a closer look will be taken at social norms as a reason for departure from rational choice, a factor that rarely has been recognised in the social dilemma literature. Social norms imply that people should manifest a prescribed behaviour or not manifest a proscribed behaviour. Furthermore, social norms are often guiding behaviour in specific contexts, and many times they need to be activated. Such an activation process is often unconscious and once a norm has been activated, people tend to keep following the norm that has been primed. We wish to add to the social dilemma literature by suggesting what kinds of norms that are likely to be activated under different conditions such as one-shot vs. iterated dilemmas, but also separate domains of social life.
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| 2. |
- Biel, Anders, 1948, et al.
(författare)
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Behavioural Impediments to Sustainable Investment.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 32nd IAREP Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- The present study investigates impediments to sustainable investment (SI) that reside within the organizations of institutional investors. A questionnaire was addressed to 35 institutional investors with board directors, senior investment managers or portfolio managers acting as respondents. The respondents represented SI as well as non-SI funds. Presently, little is known about how variations in the endorsement of values and norms among members in an organisation affect decision making. We tested the hypothesis that to the extent that a SI policy has been adopted, members of the organisation share a norm to advance SI, driven by an adherence to social and environmental values, together with beliefs about potential benefits of SI. We also examined an alternative model assuming a direct link between beliefs about financial outcomes of SI and SI practices in the organisation.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Granqvist, G, et al.
(författare)
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The impact of environmental information on professional purchasers' choice of products
- 2007
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Ingår i: Business Strategy and the Environment. ; 16, s. 421-429
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Professional food purchasers are an important group of people since they influence what alternatives of a food product consumers will have the possibility to choose between. The aim of the present study was to investigate the inclination among professional purchasers to choose food products associated with more benign environmental consequences. Information about product price, total use of energy, emission of greenhouse gases and use of pesticides associated with production and consumption of one kilogram of minced beef and fresh apples was varied systematically in order to study the relative influence on product preference. Product price was found to influence product preference more than any of the three environmentally related factors. Introduction of a labelling system that indicated whether the environmental impacts associated with a food product during its life cycle were better or worse than an average product partly increased the effect of environmental information
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| 5. |
- Hedesström, Martin, 1969, et al.
(författare)
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Investigating consistency of judgement among SRI analyst organisations.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Paper presented at the 32nd IAREP Conference, Ljubljana, Slovenia..
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- We investigate the degree of consistency among major SRI analyst agencies in Europe and North America with regards to what criteria they take into account when rating companies. Lists of criteria, as well as actual company ratings, are obtained by contacting the SRI analyst agencies. We focus on environmental criteria, and limit the investigation to two specific industries: car manufacturing and forestry/paper. The reliability and validity of SRI ratings is frequently questioned. One objection relates to the apparent lack of theory behind the selection of criteria on which the ratings are based. However, empirical evidence for these claims is notably lacking in the literature. In order to assess the validity of the environmental assessment instruments, we aim to scrutinise how the lists of environmental criteria hold up against various theoretical frameworks. In order to assess the reliability of the instruments, we also aim to test to what degree the various SRI analyst organisations differ as to how they rank-order companies within the two industries.
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| 6. |
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| 7. |
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| 8. |
- Lundqvist, Lennart J, 1939, et al.
(författare)
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Multi-Level Governance: A Solution to Manage Climate Change?
- 2007
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Ingår i: Lundqvist, L.J. & Biel, A. (eds.) From Kyoto to Town Hall. Making International and National Climate Policy Work at the Local Level. London: Earthscan 2007.
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Bokkapitel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 9. |
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Making international and national climate policy work at the local level
- 2007
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Samlingsverk (redaktörskap) (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- International agreements such as the Kyoto Protocol, EU regulatory and country-specific national climate policies offer some hope of addressing climate change. But all too often implementation of these high level objectives is derailed at the sub-national, local and, perhaps most important, individual level, by a variety of structural, policy and perceived barriers that result in a failure of effective action. Drawing on original research from Sweden, this volume examines the difficulties of aligning climate policy from international to national and sub-national levels. The authors address the full range of barriers and complexities, including governance structures, the relationships between ‘experts’ and the public, political feasibility, tax measures, perceptions of fairness and self-interest, and the importance of environmental values. Also covered are the roles and perceptions of organizations and professions, the place of carbon-free technologies, the relationship between national and EU regulations, and the monumental challenge of governing the climate in a broader and divided world.
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| 10. |
- Nilsson, Andreas, 1974, et al.
(författare)
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The Role of Values and Value Activation in Determining
- 2007
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two studies examined the role of values in behavioural reactions to environmental policy measures. Respondents were 118 undergraduate students. The first study was aimed at testing a new measure of value activation. Ostensibly participating in a study concerning semantic memory, participants were presented with a list of value words to remember. They were then asked to fill in an impression formation test. As expected, the value words significantly influenced the results on the test for two out of three values. The second study investigates the role of values in reactions to policy measures in a social dilemma game, firstly by measuring basic value priorities, and secondly by measuring how policy measures activate values in the situation. The results showed no support for the impact of values on behaviour in the social dilemma game.
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