| 2011. |
- Gyllenberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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Age-dependent variation of genotypes in MHC II transactivator gene (CIITA) in controls and association to type 1 diabetes
- 2012
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Ingår i: Genes and Immunity. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 76:2, s. 202-203
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The major histocompatibility complex class II transactivator (CIITA) gene (16p13) has been reported to associate with susceptibility to multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis and myocardial infarction, recently also to celiac disease at genome-wide level. However, attempts to replicate association have been inconclusive. Previously, we have observed linkage to the CIITA region in Scandinavian type 1 diabetes (T1D) families. Here we analyze five Swedish T1D cohorts and a combined control material from previous studies of CIITA. We investigate how the genotype distribution within the CIITA gene varies depending on age, and the association to T1D. Unexpectedly, we find a significant difference in the genotype distribution for markers in CIITA (rs11074932, P=4 × 10(-5) and rs3087456, P=0.05) with respect to age, in the collected control material. This observation is replicated in an independent cohort material of about 2000 individuals (P=0.006, P=0.007). We also detect association to T1D for both markers, rs11074932 (P=0.004) and rs3087456 (P=0.001), after adjusting for age at sampling. The association remains independent of the adjacent T1D risk gene CLEC16A. Our results indicate an age-dependent variation in CIITA allele frequencies, a finding of relevance for the contrasting outcomes of previously published association studies.
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| 2012. |
- Gyllenberg, A, et al.
(författare)
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Variability in the CIITA gene interacts with HLA in multiple sclerosis.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Genes and immunity. - Stockholm : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1476-5470 .- 1466-4879. ; 15, s. 162-167
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The human leukocyte antigen (HLA) is the main genetic determinant of multiple sclerosis (MS) risk. Within the HLA, the class II HLA-DRB1*15:01 allele exerts a disease-promoting effect, whereas the class I HLA-A*02 allele is protective. The CIITA gene is crucial for expression of class II HLA molecules and has previously been found to associate with several autoimmune diseases, including MS and type 1 diabetes. We here performed association analyses with CIITA in 2000 MS cases and up to 6900 controls as well as interaction analysis with HLA. We find that the previously investigated single-nucleotide polymorphism rs4774 is associated with MS risk in cases carrying the HLA-DRB1*15 allele (P=0.01, odds ratio (OR): 1.21, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.04-1.40) or the HLA-A*02 allele (P=0.01, OR: 1.33, 95% CI: 1.07-1.64) and that these associations are independent of the adjacent confirmed MS susceptibility gene CLEC16A. We also confirm interaction between rs4774 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 such that individuals carrying the risk allele for rs4774 and HLA-DRB1*15:01 have a higher than expected risk for MS. In conclusion, our findings support previous data that variability in the CIITA gene affects MS risk, but also that the effect is modulated by MS-associated HLA haplotypes. These findings further underscore the biological importance of HLA for MS risk.Genes and Immunity advance online publication, 16 January 2014; doi:10.1038/gene.2013.71.
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| 2013. |
- Gyllensten, Kristina, 1977, et al.
(författare)
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Older assistant nurses’ motivation for a full or extended working life
- 2019
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Ingår i: Ageing and Society. - 0144-686X .- 1469-1779. ; 39:12, s. 2699-2713
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore older workers’ motivation for a full or extended working life. With particular focus on assistant nurses aged 55–64 years, working in the elderly care sector. Focus group interviews were conducted with five different groups of assistant nurses. Inductive thematic analysis was used to analyse the interviews and five main themes were developed from the data: ‘Organisational issues’, ‘Health-related problems’, ‘Private issues’, ‘Meaningfulness and appreciation’ and ‘Social support’. Several of the main themes concerned problems with too high work demands of the assistant nurses. These findings suggest that it is important to improve the working conditions of assistant nurses in order to create a more sustainable working life. Increasing the number of staff and improving recovery opportunities and work–life balance could be important steps to improving the working conditions for this group. Finally, upgrading the competency and professionalism of assistant nurses could help to increase the motivation for a full or extended working life.
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| 2014. |
- Gårdebjer, Sofie, 1985, et al.
(författare)
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An overview of the transport of liquid molecules through structured polymer films, barriers and composites - Experiments correlated to structure-based simulations
- 2018
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Ingår i: Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-8686. ; 256, s. 48-64
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Films engineered to control the transport of liquids are widely used through society. Examples include barriers in packaging, wound care products, and controlled release coatings in pharmaceutics. When observed at the macroscopic scale such films commonly appear homogeneous, however, a closer look reveals a complex nano and microstructure that together with the chemical properties of the different domains control the transport properties. In this review we compare and discuss macroscopic transport properties, measured using the straightforward, yet highly powerful technique "modified Ussing chambers", also denoted side-by-side diffusion cells, for a wide range of structured polymer films and composites. We also discuss and compare the macroscopic observations and conclusions on materials properties with that of lattice Boltzmann simulations of transport properties based on underlying material structure and chemistry. The survey of the field: (i) highlights the use and power of modified Ussing Chambers for determining liquid transport properties of polymer films, (ii) demonstrates the predictability in both directions between macroscopic observations of transport using modified Ussing chambers and structure-based simulations, and (iii) provides experimental and theoretical insights regarding the transport-determining properties of structured polymer films and composites. (C) 2018 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
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| 2015. |
- Götberg, Matthias, et al.
(författare)
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Instantaneous Wave-Free Ratio versus Fractional Flow Reserve guided intervention (iFR-SWEDEHEART) : Rationale and design of a multicenter, prospective, registry-based randomized clinical trial
- 2015
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Ingår i: American Heart Journal. - : Mosby-Elsevier. - 0002-8703 .- 1097-6744. ; 170:5, s. 945-950
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Instantaneous wave-free ratio (iFR) is a new hemodynamic resting index for assessment of coronary artery stenosis severity. iFR uses high frequency sampling to calculate a gradient across a coronary lesion during a period of diastole. The index has been tested against fractional flow reserve (FFR) and found to have an overall classification agreement of 80% to 85%. Whether the level of disagreement is clinically relevant is unknown. Clinical outcome data on iFR are scarce. This study is a registry-based randomized clinical trial, which is a novel strategy using health quality registries as on-line platforms for randomization, case record forms, and follow-up.Design/Methods: iFR-SWEDEHEART is a multicenter, prospective, randomized, controlled, clinical open-label clinical trial. Two thousand patients with stable angina or acute coronary syndrome and an indication for physiology-guided assessment of one or more coronary stenoses will be randomized 1: 1 to either iFR- or FFR-guided intervention. The randomization will be conducted online in the Swedish web-based system for enhancement and development of evidence-based care in heart disease evaluated according to recommended therapies (SWEDEHEART) registry. The trial has a non-inferiority design, with a primary combined end point of all-cause death, non-fatal myocardial infarction, and unplanned revascularization at 12 months. End points will be identified through national registries and undergo central blind adjudication to ensure data quality.Discussion: The iFR-SWEDEHEART trial is an registry-based randomized clinical trial evaluating the safety and efficacy of the diagnostic method iFR compared to FFR.
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| 2016. |
- Götestrand, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of wrist anatomy - a comparison between 7T and 3T MRI
- 2022
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Ingår i: European Radiology. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0938-7994 .- 1432-1084. ; 32:2, s. 1362-1370
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective Injuries to the wrist are, due to its small size and complex anatomical structures, difficult to assess by MR, and surgical interventions such as diagnostic arthroscopy are often necessary. Therefore, improved visualization using non-invasive methods could be of clinical value. As a first step of improvement, the purpose of this study was to evaluate visualization of anatomical structures at 7T compared with 3T MR. Methods Eighteen healthy volunteers (three males and three females from each age decade between 20 and 49 years) were examined with 7T and 3T MR. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded 2D and 3D images on a five-level grading scale for visibility of ligaments, cartilage, nerves, trabecular bone, and tendons, as well as overall image quality (i.e., edge sharpness, perceived tissue contrast, and presence of artefacts). Statistical analysis was done using a visual grading characteristics (VGC) analysis. Results Visibility of cartilage, trabecular bone, tendons, nerves, and ligaments was graded significantly higher at 7T with an area under the curve (AUC(VGC)) of 0.62-0.88 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.50-0.97, p = < 0.0001-0.03) using either 2D or 3D imaging. Imaging with 3T was not graded as superior to 7T for any structure. Image quality was also significantly superior at 7T, except for artefacts, where no significant differences were found. Conclusions Tendons, trabecular bone, nerves, and ligaments were all significantly better visualized at 7T compared to 3T.
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| 2017. |
- Götestrand, Simon, et al.
(författare)
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Visualization of wrist ligaments with 3D and 2D magnetic resonance imaging at 3 Tesla
- 2022
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : SAGE Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 63:3, s. 368-375
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Wrist ligaments are challenging to visualize using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). Injuries involving the scapholunate ligament (SLL), the lunotriquetral ligament (LTL), and the triangular fibrocartilage complex (TFCC) are common and difficult to diagnose, often requiring diagnostic arthroscopy. Purpose To compare the visualization of wrist ligaments on a three-dimensional (3D) sequence with two-dimensional (2D) sequences on 3-T MRI. Material and Methods Eighteen healthy volunteers were examined with a 3D SPACE (sampling perfection with application optimized contrasts using different flip angle evolution) sequence and 2D coronal, axial, and sagittal proton density-weighted (PD) sequences. Four musculoskeletal radiologists graded the anatomical visibility of the SLL, LTL, TFCC, and the image quality, using five grades in a visual grading characteristics (VGC) evaluation. After Bonferroni correction, a P value <= 0.005 was considered statistically significant. Results The 3D images were graded significantly better than the 2D images in the visualization of the dorsal and palmar parts of the SLL and the LTL. Regarding the TFCC, the 3D images were graded significantly better for visualization of the foveal attachment. 2D imaging was not found significantly superior to 3D imaging in any aspect. Conclusion The 3D SPACE sequence was scored as superior to the 2D sequences at 3 T in the assessment of the SLL, the LTL, and the foveal attachment of the TFCC. Thus, 3D SPACE can replace 2D PD sequences when these ligaments need to be assessed.
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| 2018. |
- Göthberg, Gunnar, et al.
(författare)
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Laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass in adolescents with morbid obesity-Surgical aspects and clinical outcome.
- 2014
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Ingår i: Seminars in pediatric surgery. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-9453 .- 1055-8586. ; 23:1, s. 11-16
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In this paper, we address surgical aspects on bariatric surgery in adolescents from a nationwide Swedish study. Laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery was performed for 81 adolescents with morbid obesity (13-18 years), while 81 adolescents with obesity-matched by age, sex, and BMI received conventional care. Another comparison group was adults undergoing gastric bypass at the same institution during the same time period. This report addresses the 2-year clinical outcome and five-year surgical adverse event rate. Body weight decreased from 133kg (SD = 22) at inclusion to 92kg (SD = 17) after 1 year and was 89 (SD = 18) after 2 years (p < 0·001) representing a 32% (-35 to -30) weight loss after 2 years, corresponding to 76% (-81 to -71) excess weight loss. Weight loss was similar in the adult gastric bypass patients (-31%) while weight gain (+3%) was seen in the conventionally treated obese adolescents. Significant improvement in cardiovascular and metabolic risk factors and inflammation was seen after surgery. The treatment was generally well tolerated and quality of life improved significantly. The surgical adverse events included cholecystectomies (10%) and operations for internal hernia (9%) but no postoperative mortality. Adolescents undergoing laparoscopic gastric bypass surgery achieve similar weight loss to adults. Improvements in risk factors and quality of life were substantial. There were surgical complications similar to the adult group, which may be preventable.
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| 2019. |
- Haak, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Home as a signification of independence and autonomy: experiences among very old Swedish people.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Scandinavian journal of occupational therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 14:1, s. 16-24
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to explore independence in the home as experienced by very old single-living people in Sweden. A grounded theory approach was used and interviews were conducted with 40 men and women aged 80-89. Data analysis revealed the core category "Home as a signification of independence" with two main categories: "Struggle for independence" and "Governing daily life". The findings showed that home is strongly linked to independence, and being independent is extremely valued. Explicit descriptions of the ageing process as an individual process of changing living conditions within the home emerged from the findings. Hence, the ageing process influences the participants' perception of themselves as independent persons. Along the ageing process the participants' view of independence changed from being independent in activity performance without help from others to experiencing independence in being able to make autonomous decisions concerning daily life at home. Consequently, there is a need to develop strategies to support very old people in staying as active and independent as possible in their own homes. In addition, since the findings highlight that independence is a complex construct, there is a need for conceptual differentiation between independence and a construct often used synonymously, namely autonomy.
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| 2020. |
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