| 1. |
- Almen-Christensson, Anna, et al.
(författare)
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Prevention of menstrual migraine with perimenstrual transdermal 17-beta-estradiol: a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind crossover study
- 2011
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Ingår i: Fertility and Sterility. - : Elsevier Science B.V., Amsterdam.. - 0015-0282 .- 1556-5653. ; 96:2, s. 498-500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- he effect of treatment with percutaneous E(2) (100 mu g/24 h) during 2 weeks perimenstrually on the number and severity of menstrual migraine attacks was studied in 27 women in a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, crossover trial. We were not able to demonstrate any difference between E(2) supplementation and placebo on the number or severity of migraine attacks, but both regimens showed significant effects compared with before treatment.
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| 2. |
- Blystad, Ida, et al.
(författare)
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Synthetic MRI of the brain in a clinical setting
- 2012
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Ingår i: Acta Radiologica. - : Sage Publications. - 0284-1851 .- 1600-0455. ; 53:10, s. 1158-1163
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND:Conventional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has relatively long scan times for routine examinations, and the signal intensity of the images is related to the specific MR scanner settings. Due to scanner imperfections and automatic optimizations, it is impossible to compare images in terms of absolute image intensity. Synthetic MRI, a method to generate conventional images based on MR quantification, potentially both decreases examination time and enables quantitative measurements.PURPOSE:To evaluate synthetic MRI of the brain in a clinical setting by assessment of the contrast, the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR), and the diagnostic quality compared with conventional MR images.MATERIAL AND METHODS:Twenty-two patients had synthetic imaging added to their clinical MR examination. In each patient, 12 regions of interest were placed in the brain images to measure contrast and CNR. Furthermore, general image quality, probable diagnosis, and lesion conspicuity were investigated.RESULTS:Synthetic T1-weighted turbo spin echo and T2-weighted turbo spin echo images had higher contrast but also a higher level of noise, resulting in a similar CNR compared with conventional images. Synthetic T2-weighted FLAIR images had lower contrast and a higher level of noise, which led to a lower CNR. Synthetic images were generally assessed to be of inferior image quality, but agreed with the clinical diagnosis to the same extent as the conventional images. Lesion conspicuity was higher in the synthetic T1-weighted images, which also had a better agreement with the clinical diagnoses than the conventional T1-weighted images.CONCLUSION:Synthetic MR can potentially shorten the MR examination time. Even though the image quality is perceived to be inferior, synthetic images agreed with the clinical diagnosis to the same extent as the conventional images in this study.
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| 3. |
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| 4. |
- Boström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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An ecological study of industry in a high-risk region of multiple sclerosis
- 2011
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Ingår i: Journal of the Neurological Sciences. - : Elsevier. - 0022-510X .- 1878-5883. ; 311:1-2, s. 50-57
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The county of Varmland, Sweden, has shown a high frequency of multiple sclerosis in several investigations. It has been presented in three studies: a period prevalence study in 1925-1934, a mortality study during 1952-1992 and a prevalence investigation in 2002. The aim of this study was to investigate the pattern of industry in this high-risk area for multiple sclerosis. The three investigations were correlated with industry in 1913 and in the 1950s, all analyzed by the Kruskall-Wallis test. Select industries from wood-pulp, paper and iron/mechanical sectors were tested also in whole Sweden. The Spearman rank correlation was used for these data and forestry data in Varmland. In Varmland, industrial data from 1913 revealed that large sawmills were associated with the period prevalence in 1925-1934 and there was a possible correlation with the prevalence for 2002. Wood-pulp factories showed a possible association with the prevalence 1925-1934 and the mortality 1952-1992. Some industries in the 1950s were correlated with the prevalence 2002. Wood and paper industries in Sweden 1913 showed an association with the MS mortality 1952-1992. In summary, data on MS prevalence in Varmland and mortality both in Varmland and all Sweden from the past 100 years suggest an association with wood-related industries in 1913 and in the 1950s, whereas no consistent association was found for other industries.
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| 5. |
- Boström, Inger, 1946-
(författare)
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Epidemiological Studies of Multiple Sclerosis in Sweden with focus on the County of Värmland
- 2012
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this thesis was to study the frequency of MS in the suggested high-risk area of Värmland county by investigating the current prevalence and analyzing the development over time; secondly to investigate some aetiological factors – the pattern of industry, both in relation to MS in Värmland and in the whole country, and also to examine the possible relation between the distribution of MS and ALS, as it has previously shown a positive correlation in two studies; finally to analyze the women-to-men ratio of MS in Sweden because of international reports of an increasing ratio.Clinical data was collected from hospitals and other health care units in the county of Värmland, to calculate the prevalence ratio. The prevalence was 170.07 per 100,000 population on the prevalence day, 31 December 2002. The incidence rates analysed during ten years was 6.46 per 100,000 personyears (1991-1995) and 6.39 (1996-2000).The ecological study used data from the beginning of the 20th century on industries in Värmland and in all Sweden, which were correlated with the two MS prevalence studies (1925-1934 and 2002), and the mortality study on the time period 1952-1990. There was a statistical significant association between large sawmills and the prevalence 1925-1934 (p = 0.022). For all Sweden, wood-pulp factories and papermills correlated significantly with MS mortality 1952-1990 (p = <0.05).Collected data from Causes of death Register and from the Total Population Register were used when analysing mortality from ALS and MS. The previously shown correlation between ALS and MS mortality distribution in the Swedish counties was not confirmed in this study. However, the mean MS mortality rate was still highest in the county in Värmland. The mean MS mortality rates for whole Sweden was increased from 1.65 per 100,000 person-years (1952-1992) to 2.04 (1990-2010).For analysing sex ratio in MS, data from the Swedish Multiple Sclerosis Register and data from Total Population Register of the Swedish Statistics Office were used. These data was analysed by birth day cohort and by year of onset. The sex ratios in Sweden showed a stable women-to-men ratio.These investigations give indication that Värmland is a high-risk region of multiple sclerosis, and particularly the municipality of Säffle.We conclude that Värmland is a suitable area for continued epidemiological studies with both an environment and genetic focus.
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| 6. |
- Boström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Mortality Statistics Studies of Multiple Sclerosis and Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis in Sweden
- 2012
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Ingår i: Neuroepidemiology. - : S. Karger. - 0251-5350 .- 1423-0208. ; 38:4, s. 245-249
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Multiple sclerosis (MS) and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) are chronic neurologic diseases where distinct explanations of the pathogenesis are lacking. Two large Swedish register studies have rather unexpectedly detected a correlation between MS and ALS.The aim of this study was to investigate if an association between ALS and MS could be demonstrated as has been shown earlier.Material and methods: Data on mortality from ALS and MS, 1990-2010 were collected from the Swedish national statistics office. In all there were 5,696 deaths due to ALS and 3,941 deaths due to MS. Age- and sex-adjusted mortality rates were calculated.Results: There was no correlation between the mortality rates of ALS and MS in the 21 counties of Sweden for the period 1990 to 2010 (Spearman’s rho = - 0.052; p = 0.822; n = 21).The national mean mortality rate for ALS throughout the period of 1990 to 2010 was 2.98 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 2.87 – 3.08). For MS the national mean mortality rate was 2.04 per 100 000 person-years (95% CI 1.95 – 2.12). Both ALS and MS mortality showed significant variation between the counties. Conclusion: This study did not confirm the previously shown association between MS and ALS in Sweden.
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| 7. |
- Boström, Inger, et al.
(författare)
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Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis in Sweden
- 2013
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Ingår i: Multiple Sclerosis Journal. - : SAGE Publications. - 1352-4585 .- 1477-0970. ; 13:1, s. 46-52
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Sex ratio of multiple sclerosis has been reported from several areas. The disease is more common in women. In Europe the women-to-men ratio varies from 1.1 to 3.4. Recently a study in Canada has reported a significant increased female-to-male ratio in multiple sclerosis.Our objective was to analyse the development of sex ratio in multiple sclerosis in the Swedish population.Data from the Swedish MS Register and data from the Swedish National Statistics Office were used to estimate sex ratio by year of birth and year of onset.In analyse of sex ratio by year of birth there were 8,834 patients (6,271 women and 2,563 men) born during 1931 to 1985. The mean value of women-to-men ratio was 2.62. No clear trend was noted for the women-to-men ratio by year of birth (Spearman’s rho = 0.345, p=0.298, n=11). Patients analysed by year of onset was 9,098 (6,452 women and 2,646 men) during the study time period 1946 until 2005. The mean women-to-men ratio was 2.57. There was no significant change of the women-to-men ratio (Spearman’s rho = -0.007, p = 0.983, n = 12).Conclusion: In the Swedish patients there was no evidence for an increased womento-men ratio in multiple sclerosis.
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| 8. |
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| 9. |
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| 10. |
- Dahlqvist Leinhard, Olof
(författare)
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Quantitative Magnetic Resonance in Diffuse Neurological and Liver Disease
- 2010
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Introduction: Magnetic resonance (MR) imaging is one of the most important diagnostic tools in modern medicine. Compared to other imaging modalities, it provides superior soft tissue contrast of all parts of the body and it is considered to be safe for patients. Today almost all MR is performed in a nonquantitative manner, only comparing neighboring tissue in the search for pathology. It is possible to quantify MR-signals and relate them to their physical entities, but time consuming and complicated calibration procedures have prevented this being used in a practical manner for clinical routines. The aim of this work is to develop and improve quantification methods in MRspectroscopy (MRS) and MR-imaging (MRI). The techniques are intended to be applied to diffuse diseases, where conventional imaging methods are unable to perform accurate staging or to reveal metabolic changes associated with disease development.Methods: Proton (1H) MRS was used to characterize the white matter in the brain of multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. Phosphorus (31P) MRS was used to evaluate the energy metabolism in patients with diffuse liver disease. A new quantitative MRI (qMRI) method was invented for accurate, rapid and simultaneous quantification of B1, T1, T2, and proton density. A method for automatic assessment of visceral adipose tissue volume based on an in- and out-ofphase imaging protocol was developed. Finally, a method for quantification of the hepatobiliary uptake of liver specific T1 enhancing contrast agents was demonstrated on healthy subjects.Results: The 1H MRS investigations of white matter in MS-patients revealed a significant correlation between tissue concentrations of Glutamate and Creatine on the one hand and the disease progression rate on the other, as measured using the MSSS. High accuracy, both in vitro and in vivo, of the measured MR-parameters from the qMRI method was observed. 31P MRS showed lower concentrations of phosphodiesters, and a higher metabolic charge in patients with cirrhosis, compared to patients with mild fibrosis and to controls. The adipose tissue quantification method agreed with estimates obtained using manual segmentation, and enabled measurements which were insensitive to partial volume effects. The hepatobiliary uptake of Gd-EOB-DTPA and Gd-BOPTA was significantly correlated in healthy subjects.Conclusion: In this work, new methods for accurate quantification of MR parameters in diffuse diseases in the liver and the brain were demonstrated. Several applications were shown where quantitative MR improves the interpretation of observed signal changes in MRI and MRS in relation to underlying differences in physiology and pathophysiology.
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