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| 2. |
- Andersen, Martin R., et al.
(författare)
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Side-Effects of Binaural Tone Vocoding on Recognising Target Speech Presented Against Spatially Separated Speech Maskers
- 2012
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Ingår i: Speech Perception and Auditory Disorders. - Speech perception and auditory disorders. Proceedings of the International Symposium on Audiological and Auditory Research (ISAAR), Denmark. ; , s. 103-110
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Previous experiments have indicated that monaural Temporal Fine Structure (mTFS) information aids Speech Reception. In these experiments mTFS was either kept or substituted using a tone-vocoder. Results showed that hearing-impaired (HI) subjects were not able to utilise mTFS information to the same degree as normal-hearing (NH) subjects. A first step towards a more ecological experiment would be to exploit the tone-vocoder paradigm in a simulated spatial setup, and measure binaural TFS (bTFS) benefit.However, by the introduction of a binaural tone-vocoder, a concern arose that not only will the original Interaural Time Difference (ITD) cues be removed, but artificial ITD cues pointing to a direction determined by the phase difference between the carriers of the two channels, will also be introduced.This experiment investigated this concern, by measuring speech reception for target speech presented against spatially separated speech maskers. 21 NH and 21 HI subjects were tested in a fixed spatial condition with either the artificial ITD pointing forward (0º azimuth) or ±50º. Furthermore, a third condition utilising a paradigm that did not make use of a tone-vocoder, was included.Results showed that the artificial ITD affected NH and HI listeners equally, favouring the source whose direction it was pointing towards.
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| 3. |
- Arehart, Kathryn, et al.
(författare)
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Relationship between distortion and working memory for digital noise-reduction processing in hearing aids
- 2013
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Ingår i: Proceedings of Meetings on Acoustics. - : Acoustical Society of America (ASA). ; , s. 050084-1-050084-8
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Several recent studies have shown a relationship between working memory and the ability of older adults to benefit from specific advanced signal processing algorithms in hearing aids. In this study, we quantify tradeoffs between benefit due to noise reduction and the perceptual costs associated with distortion caused by the noise reduction algorithm. We also investigate the relationship between these tradeoffs and working memory abilities. Speech intelligibility, speech quality and perceived listening effort were measured in a cohort of elderly adults with hearing loss. Test materials were low-context sentences presented in fluctuating noise conditions at several signal-to-noise ratios. Speech stimuli were processed with a binary mask noise-reduction strategy. The amount of distortion produced by the noise reduction algorithm was parametrically varied by manipulating two binary mask parameters, error rate and attenuation rate. Working memory was assessed with a reading span test. Results will be discussed in terms of the extent to which intelligibility, quality and effort ratings are explained by the amount of distortion and/or noise and by working memory ability.[Funded by NIH, Oticon and GN ReSound]
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| 6. |
- C. Manchaiah, Vinaya K., 1983-
(författare)
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Evaluating the process of change : Studies on patient journey, hearing disability acceptance and stages-of-change
- 2013
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Person with hearing impairment (PHI) and their Communication partners (CPs) have a range of experiences and milestones before, during and after their audiological assessment and/or rehabilitation sessions. The term ‘patient journey’ refers to understanding the experiences and the processes the patient goes through during the course of the disease and the treatment regime. The aims of the current thesis were: (1) to further develop patient journey models of individuals with gradual-onset hearing impairment and CPs by taking their views into consideration; (2) to develop the patient journey model for PHI of sudden-onset; (3) to develop a self-reported measure of hearing disability acceptance and to study its construct and concurrent validity; (4) to investigate the health behaviour change characteristics of people noticing hearing difficulties using the stages-of-change model. Papers I (n=32) and III (n=9) were aimed at further developing the journey model of PHI and their CPs proposed by the Ida Institute. Both studies employed qualitative methods (i.e., focus groups and interviews for data collection and thematic analysis for data analysis), and defined the models based on the perspectives of PHI and CPs both of which had seven main phases. These data were compared with the professionals’ perspectives of the journey as reported in the Ida Institute model which had six main phases. Our studies highlight new phases (i.e., self-evaluation in PHI journey and adaptation in CP journey) and also various commonalities and differences in the perspectives expressed by professionals and patients.Paper II included a pilot study to explore the patient journey of sudden-onset acquired hearing impairment from both professionals (n=16) and patients (n=4) perspectives. Both identified all the six main phases, which include: awareness; movement; diagnostics; rehabilitation; self-evaluation; and resolution. The pre-awareness phase may hinder the realisation of hearing loss in persons with gradual onset hearing loss, whereas it is far more straightforward in persons with sudden-onset due to its nature of onset.Papers IV and V employed a cross-sectional design (n=90). Paper IV was aimed at developing a Hearing Disability Acceptance Questionnaire (HDAQ), and to study its construct and concurrent validity. Results suggested that the HDAQ has a two factor structure which explains 75.7% of the variance and had good internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha of 0.86). Also, the scale had good concurrent validity in relation to self-reported hearing disability, self-reported anxiety and depression and readiness to change measures. Paper V was aimed at understanding the stages-of-change in adults with hearing disability using the University of Rhode Island Change Assessment Scale. As predicted a high percentage of participants (over 90%) were in the contemplation and preparation stages, supporting the stages-of-change model.Overall, the papers presented in this thesis may contribute to a better understanding of process of change through hearing impairment in PHI and their CPs.
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| 7. |
- C. Manchaiah, Vinaya K., 1983-, et al.
(författare)
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Information about the prognosis given to sudden-sensorineural hearing loss patients: Implications to 'patient journey' process
- 2012
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Ingår i: Audiological Medicine. - London, UK : Informa Healthcare. - 1651-386X .- 1651-3835. ; 10:3, s. 109-113
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective: The aim of this short paper is to highlight the implications of information provision about prognosis given to sudden sensorineural hearing loss (SSNHL) patients. Method: Semi-structured interviews were conducted with four SSNHL patients to develop the patient journey model that is published in our previous paper (12). In this study the implications from general, ethical and legal perspectives about the information provision were considered (i.e. discussion with experts and the use of relevant literature). Results: Three out of four patients interviewed reported that their doctors (both general practitioners and ENT specialists) gave false hopes about prognosis. From the preliminary data it appears that there is considerable variability in the views expressed by patients about preference in information provision. However, this issue needs consideration as the information provided by professionals may have a serious impact on service provision and outcome. Conclusions: It is our view that even though, in some instances, it may appear that false hope provides short-term psychological benefit to patients, providing full and honest information is necessary for general (i.e. to facilitate patient journey process), ethical and legal reasons.
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| 8. |
- Classon, Elisabet, et al.
(författare)
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Reading span performance in 339 Swedish 50-89 year old individuals with hearing impairment : Effects of test version and age, and relation to speech recognition in noise
- 2013
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Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The Swedish reading span test (Rönnberg, Lyxell, Arlinger, & Kinnefors, 1989) is often used to assess working memory capacity (WMC) in the field of cognitive hearing science. The test has proven useful as a predictor of speech recognition in noise in adverse conditions. It has been used in a wide range of experimental studies and has been translated to several languages. The purpose of this paper was to provide reference data for the Swedish reading span test (Rönnberg et al., 1989) in a large sample of adults with hearing impairment aged 50-89 years that are representative of patients seeking rehabilitation at audiological clinics. Data from finished and ongoing projects were collated and reanalyzed for this purpose. The original full version and a shortened version of the test were compared, in terms of percentage correct. In addition, performance on the full version was compared across two different age-cohorts, 50-69 year olds and 70-89 year olds. Frequency distributions and percentile scores are reported, as well as relations with demographic variables, and speech recognition in noise. Results showed that reading span performance was related to age, but not sex, with lower scores in older participants. Pure tone hearing thresholds accounted for a small but significant amount of the variance such that higher reading span scores were related to better hearing. The frequency distributions of scores did not differ across the two versions of the test, but the long version seemed to be more sensitive to age. Performance in both versions was significantly correlated with speech recognition in noise. Regression analyses however showed that reading span explained additional variance in speech in noise recognition, after the effects of age and pure tone hearing thresholds were accounted for, only in the 50-69 year olds. These findings are discussed in relation to age-related differences in the ability to recruit cognitive resources in the service of speech communication.
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