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21.
  • Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Chemical-looping combustion with natural gas using spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers
  • 2009
  • record:In_t: Advances in CO2 Capture and Storage Technology (2004-2009). - 9781872691497 ; 3, s. 67-74
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • The work presented in this chapter demonstrates the economical feasibility of making a good oxygen carrier from commercial raw materials using a commercial production method, i.e. spray-drying. A batch fluidized-bed reactor was used for an extensive screening of many NiO-based oxygen carriers. This screening process led to the production of two major particle batches, which were used in continuous chemical-looping experiments. High-temperature experiments in a batch-fluidized bed verified the thermal durability of the particles. The most important result presented here concerns long-term operation (> 1000 h) of a 10-kWth chemical-looping combustor using spray-dried NiO-based oxygen carriers. Conversion of the fuel was good, and increased with (a) decreased circulation, and (b) increased fuel-reactor temperature. Combustion efficiency close to 99% was accomplished using these spray-dried particles. At the end of the test series, the continuous loss of fine material was 0.003%/h, which corresponds to a particle life time of 33000 h. No decrease in reactivity was seen during these long-term tests. The fuel used in the experiments was natural gas and methane.
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22.
  • Linderholm, Carl Johan, 1976, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Use of Manganese Ores as Oxygen Carriers in Chemical-Looping Combustors for Solid Fuels
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: 4th International Conference on Chemical Looping, September 26-28, 2016, Nanjing, China.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Manganese ores are highly promising oxygen-carrier candidates due to high reactivity and high availability. It has been observed that some manganese ores may be sensitive to attrition, and the challenge has thus become to find a highly reactive manganese ore, or combination of ores, with sufficient mechanical integrity. This study summarizes the operational experience with manganese ores achieved at Chalmers UT.In an early study using Buritirama manganese ore as oxygen carrier a in 10 kW unit for solid fuels, it was shown that the gas conversion using petcoke as fuel increased from 80% with ilmenite to 85% with Buritirama. Simultaneously, there was a four-fold increase in gasification rate resulting in much higher carbon capture efficiency. However, the mechanical stability of the Mn ore was inferior to ilmenite, judged by the production of fines. In a subsequent study, ilmenite was mixed with the Buritirama manganese ore during operation in a 100 kW unit. The mixture of ilmenite and manganese ore gave significant improvements in gas conversion in comparison to only ilmenite. The highest gas conversion observed during testing with bituminous coal was as high as 91.5%, as compared to 84% with only ilmenite during similar conditions in the 100 kW unit. Another three manganese ores were recently investigated in the 10 kW unit. These ores appeared to form less fines as compared to Buritirama ore. All oxygen carriers showed high performance and reached more than 90% gas conversion at relevant conditions, using wood char as fuel. The estimated lifetime of the oxygen carrier based on fines production was in the range of 100 to 300 hours – a considerable improvement compared to the Buritirama ore. The most promising of the three ores tested in the 10 kW unit, Sinfin, was selected for use in the 100 kW unit. 52 hours of operation with different fuels has been achieved with the new oxygen carrier, called Sinaus, which is similar but not identical in composition to Sinfin. Preliminary results show that gas conversion is higher, and solid-fuel conversion much higher than with ilmenite as oxygen carrier. The evaluation also shows that the lifetime is lower than for ilmenite.
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23.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • A New Combustion Technology
  • 2004
  • record:In_t: Greenhouse Gas Issues. ; 73, s. 2-3
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)
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24.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Chemical looping combustion
  • 2013
  • record:In_t: Chapter 20 , Fluidized-bed technologies for near-zero emission combustion and gasification, Ed. Scala, F., Woodhead Publishing.
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)
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25.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Chemical looping combustion (CLC)
  • 2013
  • record:In_t: Fluidized Bed Technologies for Near-Zero Emission Combustion and Gasification. - : Elsevier. - 9780857095411 ; , s. 895-930
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a new combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. The technology involves the use of a metal oxide as an oxygen carrier which transfers oxygen from combustion air to the fuel, and hence a direct contact between air and fuel is avoided. Two inter-connected fluidized beds, i.e. fuel reactor and air reactor, are used in the process. The outlet gas from the fuel reactor consists ideally of CO2 and H2O, and the latter is easily removed by condensation. This chapter presents the basic principles, gives an overview of oxygen-carrier materials and operational experiences, discusses the application to gaseous, liquid and solid fuels, and the use for combustion as well as for hydrogen production.
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29.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Chemical-Looping Combustion of Solid Fuels – What is Needed to Reach Full-Scale?
  • 2016
  • record:In_t: 4th International Conference on Chemical Looping, September 26-28, Nanjing, China.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Because the CO2 capture is inherent in chemical-looping combustion (CLC), thus ideally avoiding costly gas separation, this process has a potential for uniquely low costs of CO2 capture. So what is needed to get to the realization of this technology? The purpose of the paper is to discuss the status of the technology, barriers to the implementation of the technology, and also to suggest routes for the critical path from successful testing in small pilots to implementation in commercial-sized units. Thus, operational experiences with oxygen carriers and chemical-looping with solid fuels are discussed, as well as large scale design and important technology challenges. Moreover, possible routes to scale-up are suggested. One way of lowering the costs of intermediate scale-up steps is to build CLC plants without CO2 purification/compression and oxygen production, because CO2 capture normally only makes sense in large scale. Another way to avoid or minimize the cost of the air reactor, would be by using a CFBB (circulating fluidized bed boiler) as the air reactor. This could either be an existing CFBB which is not in operation or can be taken out of operation for a period, or a designed dual purpose air reactor/CFBB where the CFBB can be used as a stand-alone unit after the testing period with CLC.
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