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31.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Dependence of Sulphur Capture Performance on Air Staging in a 12 MW Circulating Fluidised Bed Boiler
  • 1993
  • record:In_t: Gas Cleaning at High Temperatures, Eds. R. Clift and J.P.K. Seville, Blackie Academic & Professional, Glasgow, ISBN 0 7514 0178 1.. - 0751401781 ; , s. 470-491
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Three cases of air staging were examined in a 12 MW circulating fluidised bed boiler: i) no staging, ii} normal staging and iii) intensified staging. The conditions inside the combustion chamber were investigated by zirconia cell measurements of the oxygen partial pressure, 0.35, 0.65 and 8 m above the bottom air distributor plate. A significant effect of the degree of staging was seen in the two lower locations: At 0.65 m height the fraction of time under substoichiometric conditions was low in the no-staging case (2-35%), at normal staging it was 70-90%, whereas at intensified staging it was 100Y.. At 0.35 m height, i.e. in the dense bed, a similar effect was seen, although the fraction of time under reducing conditions was lower. The fraction of time under reducing conditions was low in the top of the combustion chamber in all three cases . The increase in the fraction of time under reducing conditions with a higher degree of staging is associated with a decrease in sulphur capture. It is assumed that a release of SO2 from CaSO4 takes place during the transitions between oxidising and reducing conditions. Thus, the rapid alternations between oxidising and reducing conditions, as seen with the zirconia cell, offer an explanation of the reductive decomposition and, accordingly, of the dependence of sulphur capture on temperature and on the extent of staging.
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32.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Koldioxid kan slutlagras i jorden
  • 2001
  • record:In_t: Forskning och Framsteg. - 0015-7937. ; 7, s. 39-43
  • swepub:Mat_article_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)
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33.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Low N2O, NO and SO2 emissions from circulating fluidized bed boilers
  • 1995
  • record:In_t: Proc. Int. Conf. Fluid. Bed Combustion. - 0197-453X. - 0791813053 ; 13, s. 1049-1057
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • A new method, reversed staging, for decreasing N2O without increasing the emission of the other pollutants, NOx and SO2, was investigated in the 12 MW circulating fluidized bed boiler at Chalmers University of Technology. It was possible to reduce the emission of N2O to one fourth (25 ppm), NO to half (about 40 ppm) compared to normal staging and normal temperature, without significantly affecting the sulphur capture efficiency (about 90%). Air staging, which is normally used in circulating fluidized bed boilers means that only a part of the combustion air, primary air, is added to the bottom zone, resulting in a lower oxygen concentration in the bottom part, while the secondary air results in more oxidizing conditions in the upper part of the combustion chamber and the cyclone. The principal idea of reversed staging is to reverse the conditions in top and bottom, i.e. to decrease the oxygen concentration in the upper part and to increase it in the bottom part. Such a reversal is accomplished by adding air in the bottom corresponding to an air ratio of approximately unity. No secondary air is added to the combustion chamber which means that the oxygen concentration will be low in the upper part of the combustion chamber and the cyclone. Air for final combustion is added in the cyclone outlet.
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34.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Materials for chemical-looping combustion
  • 2011
  • record:In_t: Efficient Carbon Capture for Coal Power Plants, Ed. Stolten, D., and Scherer, V., WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co.. KGaA, Weinheim. ; :Chapter 17, s. 475-504
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) is a combustion technology with inherent separation of the greenhouse gas CO2. Two inter-connected fluidized beds, a fuel reactor and an air reactor, are used. The fuel is oxidized by the metal oxide in the fuel reactor, and the metal oxide is regenerated in the air reactor. The outlet gas from the fuel reactor consists of CO2 and H2O, easily separated by condensation. Oxides of Ni, Co, Fe, Cu and Mn are used as oxygen-carrier materials. More than 900 materials have been investigated and some have been used in actual operation in chemical-looping combustors in the size range 0.3 – 140 kW. The total time of operational experience is more than 4000 hours. The work indicates that almost complete conversion of the fuel can be obtained and 100% CO2 capture is possible. Most work so far has been focused on gaseous fuels, but the direct application to solid fuels is also rapidly advancing. Moreover, chemical-looping technologies to produce hydrogen with inherent CO2 capture are being developed. This paper presents an overview of the current status of the technology with focus on materials.
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35.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Nitrous oxide from fluidized bed boilers
  • 1998
  • record:In_t: Ecyclopedia of Environment Analysis and Remeditation / Meyers, R.A.. ; 5, s. 3053-3062
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)
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36.
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37.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Oxygen carriers for chemical-looping combustion
  • 2015
  • record:In_t: Calcium and Chemical Looping Technology for Power Generation and Carbon Dioxide (CO2) Capture. - 9780857097606 ; , s. 221-254
  • swepub:Mat_chapter_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • © 2015 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved. Experiences from actual operation with oxygen carriers have been reported from more than 20 pilot plants in the size range 0.3kW-3MW using gaseous, solid and liquid fuels. Total operational experience is 6700h and includes both manufactured materials and low-cost materials. The manufactured materials include oxides of nickel, copper, manganese, iron and cobalt, as well as combined oxides. The low-cost materials include iron ores, ilmenite ores, manganese ores, waste materials and calcium sulphate. Several materials studied show good performance with respect to both conversion and expected lifetime. Several materials can be expected to give low costs, and an oxygen carrier cost as low as 1/tonne CO2 captured may not be unrealistic.
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38.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955 (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Solid fuels in Chemical-Looping Combustion – Feeding of fuel and distribution of volatiles
  • 2015
  • record:In_t: 22nd International Conference on Fluidized Bed Conversion, June 14-17, 2015.
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)abstract
    • Conventional CO2 capture processes have large costs and energy penalties associated with gasseparation. Chemical-looping combustion (CLC) uses interconnected fluidized beds and a metal oxideto transfer oxygen from air to fuel. Thus, fuel is oxidized without mixing fuel and air and thecombustion products, CO2 and H2O, are recovered in a separate flow. After H2O condensationessentially pure CO2 is obtained, thus avoiding the high costs and penalties of an active gasseparation.CLC of solid fuels has important similarities to well-established combustion in circulating fluidized bed(CFB), and a comparison indicates an added cost of 16-26 €/tonne CO2. The major cost besides CO2compression is oxygen-polishing of the gas from the fuel reactor, indicating that high gas conversion isbeneficial.Today, >2000 h of solid-fuel CLC operation in smaller pilots have been accomplished worldwide. Theexperiences show that the concept works in practice and that high gas conversion is reached with lowvolatilefuels, typically 95%. However, fuels with more volatiles show lower conversion, highlighting theneed to feed the fuel in way that provides good contact between volatiles and bed material, i.e. themetal oxide oxygen-carrier.For a larger size CLC the fuel should be fed in a way that make the volatiles enter the bed in the lowerpart and well distributed over the horizontal cross-section. Here, a system for distribution of volatiles ispresented. It is based on a fundamental principle of fluidization, that a box immersed in a fluidized bedwith the opening downward becomes empty. Moreover, if such a box has holes in its sides the bedlevel inside the box will rise but not above the holes and gas added will exit through these holes. Sucha box in the form of a system of arms is proposed to distribute volatiles over the cross-section.The paper discusses principles and possible design of such a volatiles distributor and how it can beimplemented in a large-scale CLC.
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39.
  • Lyngfelt, Anders, 1955, et al. (creator_code:aut_t)
  • Technologies for CO2 separation
  • 1999
  • record:In_t: Minisymposium on carbon dioxide capture and storage, School of Environmental Sciences, CTH and GU, ed. Lygnfelt, A , Azar C.. ; , s. 25-35
  • swepub:Mat_conferencepaper_t (swepub:level_scientificother_t)
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40.
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