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Sökning: swepub > Umeå universitet > Refereegranskat > (2000-2004) > Tidskriftsartikel

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21.
  • Friberg, Urban, et al. (författare)
  • Fitness effects of female mate choice : preferred males are detrimental for Drosophila melanogaster females
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Journal of Evolutionary Biology. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1010-061X .- 1420-9101. ; 16, s. 797-811
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The evolution of female mate choice, broadly defined to include any female behaviour or morphology which biases matings towards certain male phenotypes, is traditionally thought to result from direct or indirect benefits which females acquire when mating with preferred males. In contrast, new models have shown that female mate choice can be generated by sexual conflict, where preferred males may cause a fitness depression in females. Several studies have shown that female Drosophila melanogaster bias matings towards large males. Here, we use male size as a proxy for male attractiveness and test how female fitness is affected by reproducing with large or small males, under two different male densities. Females housed with large males had reduced lifespan and aged at an accelerated rate compared with females housed with small males, and increased male density depressed female fitness further. These fitness differences were due to effects on several different fitness components. Female fitness covaried negatively with male courtship rate, which suggests a cost of courtship. Mating rate increased with male size, whereas female fitness peaked at an intermediate mating rate. Our results suggest that female mate choice in D. melanogaster is, at least in part, a by-product of sexual conflict over the mating rate.
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22.
  • Knutsson, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides : Influence of the timing of meal intake during night work
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Nutrition and Health. - : SAGE Publications. - 0260-1060 .- 2047-945X. ; 16, s. 133-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The objective was to study the postprandial responses of glucose, insulin and triglycerides to meal intake at different clock times during night work. Eleven night shift working nurses participated. Identical test meals were ingested at 19:30, 23:30 and 03:30, and contained 440 kcal/ 1860 kJ of energy (33 E% fat, 51 E% carbohydrate, 16 E% protein). The food intake was standardized three days before the first test meal. Blood samples were drawn just before the test meals were ingested and thereafter at 30, 60, 90, 120, 180 and 240 minutes. The postprandial responses were estimated as the total area under the curve (AUC) and significance testing was done using repeated measures ANOVA. The highest insulin level was found after meal intake at 23:30, and the lowest after meal intake 03:30. The glucose response showed the same pattern. The insulin response to food intake in night working nurses is more pronounced in the night compared with morning and evening. The results would have implications for metabolic and cardiovascular disorders in night workers.
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23.
  • Lindmark, H, et al. (författare)
  • Enteric bacteria counteract lipopolysaccharide induction of antimicrobial peptide genes.
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: J Immunol. - 0022-1767. ; 167, s. 6920-6923
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The humoral immunity of Drosophila involves the production of antimicrobial peptides, which are induced by evolutionary conserved microbial molecules, like LPS. By using Drosophila mbn-2 cells, we found that live bacteria, including E. coli, Salmonella typhimurium, Erwinia carotovora, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, prevented LPS from inducing antimicrobial peptide genes, while Micrococcus luteus and Streptococcus equi did not. The inhibitory effect was seen at bacterial levels from 20 per mbn-2 cell, while antimicrobial peptides were induced at lower bacterial concentrations (< or =2 bacteria per cell) also in the absence of added LPS. Gel shift experiment suggests that the inhibitory effect is upstream or at the level of the activation of the transcription factor Relish, a member of the NF-kappaB/Rel family. The bacteria have to be in physical contact with the cells, but not phagocytosed, to prevent LPS induction. Interestingly, the inhibiting mechanism is, at least for E. coli, independent of the type III secretion system, indicating that the inhibitory mechanism is unrelated to the one earlier described for YopJ from Yersinia.
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24.
  • Norrlin, S, et al. (författare)
  • Control of reaching movements in children and young adults with myelomeningocele
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Developmental Medicine & Child Neurology. - : Wiley. - 0012-1622 .- 1469-8749. ; 93:7, s. 922-8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of the present study was to analyze the ability to programme and execute reaching movements in individuals with myelomeningocele (MMC) and in a control group. Thirty-one participants (18 males, 13 females; mean age 12 years 11 months, SD 2 years 7 months, range 9 to 19 years) with MMC and 31 participants (matched for age and sex) without disabilities were investigated. Reaching was performed with and without visual feedback toward three targets displayed on a computer screen and data were collected using a digitizing tablet linked to a computer. The kinematics of reaching were analyzed and analysis of variance was used for statistical analysis. Results showed that both groups were able to programme reaching movements under both visual conditions. Although the execution of reaching was poor in the MMC group compared with the control individuals, as indicated by larger end-point errors (p=0.002), less straight movements (p=0.018), and shorter deceleration phases (p=0.004), movement time was not prolonged in the MMC group. Those with shunt treatment (n=21) had more difficulties when visual feedback was provided. Those with symptoms of early brainstem dysfunction (n=5) had shorter deceleration phases under both visual conditions.
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25.
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26.
  • Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, et al. (författare)
  • The relationship between temporal variation of hypoxia, polarographic measurements and predictions of tumour response to radiation
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 49:19, s. 4463-4475
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The polarographic oxygen sensor is one of the most used devices for in vivo measurements of oxygen and many other measurement techniques for measuring tumour hypoxia are correlated with electrode measurements. Little is known however about the relationship between electrode measurements and the real tissue oxygenation. This paper investigates the influence of the temporal change of the hypoxic pattern on the electrode measurements and the tumour response. Electrode measurements and tumour response were simulated using a computer program that allows both the calculation of the tissue oxygenation with respect to the two types of hypoxia that might arise in tumours and the virtual insertion of the electrode into the tissue. It was therefore possible to control the amount of each type of hypoxia in order to investigate their influence on the measurement results. Tissues with several vascular architectures ranging from well oxygenated to poorly oxygenated were taken into consideration as might be seen in practice. The influence of the electrode measurements on the treatment outcome was estimated by calculating the tumour control probability for the tumours characterized either by the real or by the measured tumour oxygenation. We have simulated electrode oxygen measurements in different types of tissues, covering a wide range of tumour oxygenations. The results of the simulations showed that the measured distribution depends on the details of the vascular network and not on the type of hypoxia. We have also simulated the effects of the temporal change of the acute hypoxic pattern due to the opening and the closure of different blood vessels during a full fractionated treatment. The results of this simulation suggested that the temporal variation of the hypoxic pattern does not lead to significantly different results for the electrode measurements or the predicted tumour control probabilities. In conclusion, it was found that the averaging effect of the electrode leads to a systematic deviation between the actual oxygen distribution and the measured distribution. However, as the electrode reflects the general trends of the tissue oxygenation it has the potential of being used for the general characterization of tumour hypoxia even if the actual type of hypoxia measured by the electrode cannot be determined. Indeed, the change in time of the acute hypoxic region does not compensate for the lack of oxygenation at a specific moment and therefore does not influence the polarographic oxygen measurements.
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27.
  • Toma-Dasu, Iuliana, et al. (författare)
  • Theoretical simulation of oxygen tension measurement in tissues using a microelectrode: I. The response function of the electrode
  • 2001
  • Ingår i: Physiological Measurement. - : IOP Publishing. - 0967-3334 .- 1361-6579. ; 22:4, s. 713-725
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The aim of this article is to determine the correlation between the actual oxygen distribution in tissues and the distribution of oxygen measured by microelectrodes. This correlation is determined by the response function of the electrode, which depends on the oxygen consumed by the electrode. In tissue it is necessary to consider the gradients resulting from cellular respiration. A computer program has been used to simulate the vascular structure of various tissues and also the measurements of oxygen tension using a polarographic electrode. The electrode absorption process is described using a theoretical model. The gradient of oxygen in tissue is described by a mathematical model that takes into consideration both diffusion and cellular consumption of oxygen. We have compared the results obtained using the response function of the electrode and some simplifications of it. The results of these comparisons show that there are some differences in the 'observed' distributions of the oxygen tension in tissues predicted using different formulae for the electrode response function. Also, there are considerable differences between the input oxygen distribution and the measured values in all cases. All the results of the simulations of the oxygen tension 'observed' by a 12 microm polarographic electrode, using different response functions of the electrode, show that the electrode averages the values from many cells. Care should be taken in using a simplification for the response function of the electrode, especially if the results are going to be used as input values in modelling the tumour response to new treatments and/or as a basis of selecting patients for treatments. A computer simulation of measurement of oxygen tensions in regions of steep pO2 gradients shows that extremely high and extremely low pO2 values will not be detected.
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28.
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29.
  • Öhman, Marcus, et al. (författare)
  • Slagging tendencies of wood pellet ash during combustion in residential pellet burners
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Biomass and Bioenergy. - Oxford : Elsevier BV. - 0961-9534 .- 1873-2909. ; 27:6, s. 585-596
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Ash related problems have more than occasionally been observed in pellet burners during the last years. These problems can lead to reduced accessibility of the combustion systems as well as bad publicity for the market. The objectives of the present work were to; (i) evaluate how different raw materials for pellets affect the accessibility of the existing burner equipment, (ii) determine which of the ash forming element(s) that could be responsible for the deposit/slagg formation and, (iii) estimate the critical slagging temperature for the different raw materials. Stored and fresh materials from sawdust, logging residues and bark were used as raw material in three different pellet burners. The results showed that the slagging properties were relatively sensitive to the variations in total ash content and ash forming elements of the fuel. It is therefore recommended that ash rich fuels like bark and logging residues should not be used in the existing residential pellet burners. Both fuel and burner type affected the amounts of ash deposit produced. The degree of sintering (i.e. the strength of the deposits) was mostly affected by the fuel composition. Subsequent controlled sintering test of the produced deposits/slags showed critical slagging temperatures of about 850-900°C for stored bark and about 1000°C for fresh bark and stored and fresh materials from sawdust and logging residues. The results further indicated that the Si-content in the fuel correlated (relatively) well to the sintering tendencies in the burners. Chemical equilibrium models were used to interpret the experimental findings, and good quantitative agreements between modelling and experimental results were generally obtained. © 2004 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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30.
  • Tajsharghi, Homa, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Myosin storage myopathy associated with a heterozygous missense mutation in MYH7.
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Annals of neurology. - : Wiley. - 0364-5134 .- 1531-8249. ; 54:4, s. 494-500
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Myosin constitutes the major part of the thick filaments in the contractile apparatus of striated muscle. MYH7 encodes the slow/beta-cardiac myosin heavy chain (MyHC), which is the main MyHC isoform in slow, oxidative, type 1 muscle fibers of skeletal muscle. It is also the major MyHC isoform of cardiac ventricles. Numerous missense mutations in the globular head of slow/beta-cardiac MyHC are associated with familial hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. We identified a missense mutation, Arg1845Trp, in the rod region of slow/beta-cardiac MyHC in patients with a skeletal myopathy from two different families. The myopathy was characterized by muscle weakness and wasting with onset in childhood and slow progression, but no overt cardiomyopathy. Slow, oxidative, type 1 muscle fibers showed large inclusions consisting of slow/beta-cardiac MyHC. The features were similar to a previously described entity: hyaline body myopathy. Our findings indicate that the mutated residue of slow/beta-cardiac MyHC is essential for the assembly of thick filaments in skeletal muscle. We propose the term myosin storage myopathy for this disease.
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