| 931. |
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| 932. |
- Nygård, L, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing motor and process ability of persons with suspected dementia in home and clinic settings
- 1994
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Ingår i: American Journal of Occupational Therapy. - 0272-9490 .- 1943-7676. ; 48:8, s. 689-96
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: Evaluating functional level of persons with diagnosed or suspected dementia is an important part of occupational therapy. The importance of the environment is often highlighted. We investigated the ability of clients with suspected dementia to perform instrumental activities of daily living (IADLs) in the clinic versus in their homes.METHOD: We used the Assessment of Motor and Process Skills (AMPS) to measure the motor and process skill ability of 19 clients with suspected dementia.RESULTS: Using two-tailed paired t-tests, we found no overall difference in IADL motor or process performance between the clinic and home setting. However, of the 19 clients, 6 had motor ability measures, whereas 5 had process ability measures that differed significantly between the two settings.CONCLUSION: The results suggest that if we want to know how a person with suspected dementia performs in IADLs in a specific environment we should test him or her in that environment.
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| 933. |
- Nylander, Lars
(författare)
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Prosadikt och modernitet : prosadikt som gränsföreteelse i europeisk litteratur, med särskild inriktning på Skandinavien 1880-1910
- 1990
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In international research, the term prose poem generally describes a particular genre, created by Louis Bertrand and Charles Baudelaire. But the term, as well as the conceptual opposition between prose and poetry that it refers to, became central to the aesthetic debate already at the end of the 17th century.This thesis, the subject of which is the European prose poem in connection with literary modernity, therefore starts with a description of the basic problem surrounding the concept and the practice of prose poetry. The basic argument is that prose, which appears as a discoursive practice within the medium of writing, introduces a neutrality which makes it conceivable as Language as such rather than as one discoursive practice among others. This causes a crisis of legitimacy for poetry, which continues to use verse forms taken from an oral tradition. Poetry becomes ”versified prose”, a subordinated categorization which literary modernity sets out to challenge. The primary project ofliterary modernity from the 17th century onwards has been to ”save” poetry from the discoursive hegemony of prose by developing a new, more autonomous poetic principle. Romanticism was a first effort at this, but it was modernism that, at least to some extent, finally accomplished it.The first and second chapters ofthe thesis are devoted to 17th and 18th century prose poems. The succeeding three chapters describe and analyse the modern prose poem(s), and discuss the aesthetics of modernism. The chapters centre on the prose poems of Louis Bertrand, Chales Baudelaire, Arthur Rimbaud and Stéphane Mallarmé.Chapters six to eleven deal with the prose poem in Scandinavian literature between 1880 and 1910. They focus mainly on the Dane Johannes Jorgensen, the Norwegian Sigbjern Obstfelder, and the Swede Vilhelm Ekelund. Prose poems by other poets, such as August Strindberg, Ola Hansson, Johannes V. Jensen, Hjalmar Söderberg, Gustaf Uddgren, and Ivar Conradson. are also analysed and discussed. The purpose of these studies is to show in what different ways the prose poem was used, and how important it was for the emergence of modernism.
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| 934. |
- Nylander, P O, et al.
(författare)
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Anticipation in Swedish families with bipolar affective disorder.
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Medical Genetics. - 0022-2593 .- 1468-6244. ; 31:9, s. 686-9
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Anticipation describes an inheritance pattern within a pedigree with an increase in disease severity or decrease in age at onset or both in successive generations. The phenomenon of anticipation has recently been shown to be correlated with the expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences in different disorders. We have studied differences of age at onset and disease severity between two generations in 14 families with unilinear inheritance of bipolar affective disorder (BPAD). There was a significant difference in age at onset (p < 0.008), in episodes per year with (p < 0.006) and without (p < 0.03) lithium treatment, and in total episodes per year (p < 0.002) between generations I and II. Furthermore, there was a highly significant correlation (p < 0.001) in age at onset between generations I and II. No evidence for specific paternal or maternal inheritance was found. We found evidence of anticipation and could rule out ascertainment bias or some other artefact. Anticipation is thus an inheritance pattern in BPAD which suggests that the expansion of trinucleotide repeat sequences is a possible mode of inheritance in BPAD.
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| 935. |
- Nylander, Per-Olof, 1953-
(författare)
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Ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population : its origin and medical consequences
- 1992
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Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Northern Sweden shows a unique population structure with remarkable geographical variations in the distribution of genetic disorders as well as genetic markers like blood groups, serum groups and red cell enzyme types. The present-day population of northern Sweden is a mixture of people of Finnish, Saamish (Lappish) and Central-Swedish origin.In this thesis the ethnic heterogeneity of the North-Swedish population (counties of Västerbotten and Norrbotten) was studied using genetic blood markers, and the epidemiological impact of the ethnic heterogeneity was exemplified by studying the geographical correlation between Finnish admixture and risk factors for cardiovascular diseases. The following results were found:1 Two new ethnic marker genes were discovered: the GC*1F allele (GC serum groups) for Saamish influence and the TF*C3 allele (transferrin serum groups) for Finnish influence.2 Regional gene frequency variations in the A1A2B0 blood groups, 6-phosphogluconate dehydrogenase (6-PGD) types and transferrin and GC serum groups were studied in a sample of 4100-5600 individuals from northern Sweden distributed according to birth place into 23 subpopulations. A significant regional heterogeneity was found in all systems. The ethnic marker genes (AB0*A2, GC*1F, TF*C3, PGD*C) showed clineal variations consistent with the expected patterns of Finnish and Saamish admixture.3 Finnish and Saamish admixture was estimated in the 23 subpopulations using AB0*A2,GC*1F and PGD*C as Saamish markers and TF*C3, TF*DCHI, TF*B0-1 and SODI*2 as Finnish markers. The Saamish admixture varied between 0 and 34% and was strongest in the northern and northwestern parts of northern Sweden. The Finnish influence varied between 0 and 84% and was strongest in the northern and northeastern parts of the area. The ethnic marker genes showed significant geographical intercorrelations.4 Hypercholesterolemia showed a significant heterogeneity between the 23 subpopulations, and there was a significant geographical covariation with the degree of Finnish admixture. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that Finnish genetic influence may contribute to the development of hypercholesterolemia and thereby to the increased rate of cardiovascular diseases found in northern Sweden.The results of this study suggest that in addition to the founder effect ethnic heterogeneity is an important determinant of the structure of the North-Swedish population.
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| 936. |
- Nystrom, L., et al.
(författare)
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A NOTE ON SOME IDENTIFICATION PROBLEMS ARISING IN ROENTGEN STEREO PHOTOGRAMMETRIC ANALYSIS
- 1994
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Ingår i: Journal of Biomechanics. ; 27:10, s. 1291-1294
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- When studying skeleton movements by using implanted landmarks and Roentgen stereo photogrammetric analysis (RSA), some identification problems arise. One is to put the same label on a landmark at different examinations, another is to use the correct pairs of landmark images in order to compute a correct three-dimensional position of each landmark. We will present some methods that can be used as a support for solving these problems. We will also show how it is possible to detect and exclude landmarks that are loose and landmarks that have large measurement errors in their positions.
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| 937. |
- Nyström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Bone grafts and Brånemark implants in the treatment of the severely resorbed maxilla : a 2-year longitudinal study.
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 8:1, s. 45-53
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A combination of horseshoe-shaped iliac bone grafts and Brånemark implants was used in 30 patients with severely resorbed maxillary alveolar ridges. All patients were followed clinically for 2 years and evaluated with regard to prosthesis stability, fixture survival, wound healing complications, and soft tissue conditions. Surgery was performed by the same oral surgeons using identical procedures, and the prosthetic treatment was performed by the same prosthodontist. The development group included the first 10 patients and the routine group included the following 20. Fixture survival in the development group was 54.4%, whereas 88.3% of the fixtures in the routine group have survived after 2 years. The average fixture survival in the study was 77.4%. Three patients in the development group lost all fixtures, primarily the result of trauma to the grafted region. With respect to the difficult situation many of these patients experienced, the survival rate should be considered most acceptable.
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| 938. |
- Nyström, Elisabeth, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment of the severely resorbed maxillae with bone graft and titanium implants : histologic review of autopsy specimens.
- 1993
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Ingår i: International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants. - 0882-2786 .- 1942-4434. ; 8:2, s. 167-172
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- One of a series of patients with extremely resorbed maxillae treated with bone grafts from the hip in combination with Brånemark self-tapping fixtures died in a car accident 4 months after implant surgery. Autopsy specimens from this patient were analyzed to evaluate the amount and extent of "osseointegration" after 4 months of healing. Histologic examination revealed that minimal bone was in direct contact with the titanium and the general pattern was that of soft tissue screw anchorage. There were no signs of sequestering of the transplanted bone. The connection between the nasal cavity and the sinus mucosa with respect to the transplants seemed to be without adverse reactions. The superior part of the transplant did show signs of newly formed bone. The grafted specimens showed indications of delayed bone response compared to the nongrafted situation. All implants were clinically stable as studied postmortem.
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| 939. |
- Nyström, H, et al.
(författare)
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Correction factors applied to plane-parallel ionization chambers
- 1993
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 38:2, s. 311-322
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Plane-parallel ionization chambers are recommended by most dosimetry protocols' for use in low-energy electron beams. Such chambers are often calibrated at the clinic against a cylindrical chamber in a high-energy electron beam while no general procedures for Co-60 gamma-ray calibrations are yet adopted. If the perturbation due to the presence of the plane-parallel chamber in a water phantom at the calibration quality, i.e. Co-60, is known, a straightforward dose-to-water calibration would be possible. Furthermore, if the perturbation as a function of photon beam quality is known, the plane-parallel chamber might be used for all radiation qualities (both electrons and photons) used in megavoltage therapy. In this work the response of both plane-parallel and cylindrical chambers was studied and compared with ferrous sulphate dosimetry over a wide range of photon energies. Perturbation correction factors were determined for these chambers in photon beams. Also the influence of the aluminium central electrode of the NE2571 chamber was determined in the electron field relative to Co-60 gamma-radiation. Electron backscatter from the back wall of the chamber was shown to influence the signal in the chamber significantly. A procedure for calibration of Co-60 gamma-rays in water in plane-parallel chambers is discussed.
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| 940. |
- Nyström, H, et al.
(författare)
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Photon-beam quality specification by narrow-beam transmission measurements
- 1994
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Ingår i: Physics in Medicine and Biology. - : IOP Publishing. - 0031-9155 .- 1361-6560. ; 39:8, s. 1231-1245
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Radiation quality specifications in megavoltage photon beams are usually based on depth-dose measurements performed under reference conditions. Stopping-power ratios and various correction factors are then related to parameters such as TPR10(20), which are extracted from depth-dose measurements. Stopping-power ratio determinations based on this concept were shown to be in error by more than 2% at high energies. Furthermore, electrons generated in the treatment bead can, at high energies, contribute to the dose at a depth of 10 cm and thus significantly affect the TPR10(20) ratio. This method was further shown to be inadequate when the dose in other parts of the field than the reference point was to be measured with ionization chamber dosimetry. A new standardized device for determining photon beam quality based on half value layer (HVL) measurements in water was developed and thoroughly investigated in both a low-energy, (4 MV) and a high-energy beam. A relation between HVL and stopping-power ratios water-to-air was determined by comparative measurements with air ionization chambers and liquid-filled ionization chambers together with Fricke dosimetry. Furthermore, different radiation quality gradients in the photon fields for different types of field-flattening systems, and field-compensating methods were discussed.
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