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Sökning: WFRF:(Förlin Lars 1950 ) > Göteborgs universitet

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121.
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122.
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124.
  • Lennquist, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Melanophore sensitivity and pigmentation in fish exposed to medetomidine
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: PRIMO 14,Pollutant responses in marine organisms, Florianopolis, Brasilien.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Pigment containing cells, melanophores, are abundant in scales and eyes of many fish species. The mobile pigment granules within these cells can be aggregated to give a pale appearance, or dispersed to give a dark appearance. This movement is regulated both by hormones and neurotransmitters. Medetomidine, which is an alpha2-adrenoceptor agonist, is known to be very efficient in pigment aggregation in vitro. Since medetomidine is now suggested as a new agent in antifouling paints, it is of interest to study long-term effects of medetomidine on pigmentation and melanophore function in fish in vivo. In this study, rainbow trout was exposed via water to three concentrations of medetomidine (0.05, 0.5 and 5.0 nM). Within one day, fish exposed to 5 nM were significantly paler than control fish. This paleness remained throughout the experiment. After 25 days, fish from the different treatments were sacrificed and scales were removed for light microscope studies of melanophore sensitivity. Here, further medetomidine (5 microM) was added to the medium to induce pigment aggregation, and pictures were taken at time 0 and after 30 minutes. The pictures were then judged for level of pigment aggregation according to a five-graded scale (Hogben-Slome index). Melanophores from the medetomidine-treated fish did not aggregate as much as melanophores from the control fish. This lowered sensitivity was dose-dependent. The results suggest that prolonged medetomdine exposure at these concentrations might alter fish pigmentation and also interfere with melanophore function.
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125.
  • Lennquist, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Physiology and mRNA expression in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) after long-term exposure to the new antifoulant medetomidine.
  • 2011
  • Ingår i: Comparative biochemistry and physiology. Toxicology & pharmacology : CBP. - : Elsevier BV. - 1532-0456. ; 154:3, s. 234-41
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Medetomidine is under evaluation for use as an antifouling agent, and its effects on non-target aquatic organisms are therefore of interest. In this study, rainbow trout was exposed to low (0.5 and 5.0nM) concentrations of medetomidine for up to 54days. Recently we have reported on effects on paleness and melanophore aggregation of medetomidine in these fish. Here, specific growth rates were investigated together with a broad set of physiological parameters including plasma levels of growth hormone (GH), insulin-like growth factor-I (IGF-I) and leptin, glucose and haemoglobin (Hb), hematocrit (Ht), condition factor, liver and heart somatic indexes (LSI, HSI). Hepatic enzyme activities of CYP1A (EROD activity), glutathione S-transferases (GST) and glutathione reductase (GR) were also measured. Additionally, hepatic mRNA expression was analysed through microarray and quantitative PCR in fish sampled after 31days of exposure. Medetomidine at both concentrations significantly lowered blood glucose levels and the higher concentration significantly reduced the LSI. The mRNA expression analysis revealed few differentially expressed genes in the liver and the false discovery rate was high. Taken together, the results suggest that medetomidine at investigated concentrations could interfere with carbohydrate metabolism of exposed fish but without any clear consequences for growth.
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126.
  • Lennquist, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • Responses in fish exposed to medetomidine, a new antifouling agent
  • 2010
  • Ingår i: Marine Environmental Research. - : Elsevier BV. - 0141-1136. ; 69, s. S43-S45
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Medetomidine is being introduced as a new antifouling agent. As part of a large risk assessment campaign, we have studied responses to medetomidine in a number of fish species. The studied parameters include respiration, blood parameters, antioxidant enzymes, CYP1A, behaviour, pigmentation, reproduction and growth. The main observations from these studies are: 1. Body paleness at water concentrations in the range of 0.5-50 nM, depending on species. In addition, impaired adaptation to the background colour was shown in fry from turbot and lumpfish. In rainbow trout, desensitization of melanophores (pigment cells) occurred in fish exposed to medetomidine for 21 days, but a prolonged study (54 days exposure time), showed that the melanophores were well functioning and in addition that no apoptosis had occurred. 2. CYP1A activities, measured as EROD activities, were increased at medetomidine water concentrations from 0.5-5 nM in rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, turbot and three-spined stickleback. However, investigations in vitro showed medetomidine to be a potent inhibitor of EROD activity. 3. In lumpfish and turbot fry, a decreased oxygen consumption and respiration rate was observed from 2 nM medetomidine. This effect was reversible to a large extent.
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127.
  • Lennquist, Anna, 1978, et al. (författare)
  • The major responses in fish exposed to medetomidine, a new antifouling agent
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: SETAC Europe. Göteborg, Sverige.
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Medetomidine is being introduced as a new antifouling agent. As part of a large risk assessment, a number of studies in fish have been performed. Studied species are rainbow trout, Atlantic cod, turbot, Atlantic salmon, lumpfish and three-spined stickleback. Medetomidine has been administered either via water or via i.p injection, and exposure time has varied from one hour up to 54 days. Studied parameters include respiration, blood parameters, activities of antioxidant enzymes and CYP1A, behaviour, pigmentation and function of pigment cells, growth and growth-related hormones. From these studies have been observed that: 1. In all experiments the most pronounced effects were body paleness at water concentrations in the range of 0.5-50 nM depending on species. In Atlantic cod, turbot and lumpfish fry, medetomidine caused impaired adaptation to the background colour. In rainbow trout desensitization of melanophores (pigment cells) occurred in fish exposed to medetomidine for 17 days, but a prolonged study (54 days exposure time), showed that the melanophores were well functioning and in addition no apoptosis had occurred. 2. In lumpfish and turbot fry, a decreased oxygen consumption and respiration rate was observed at 2.1 nM medetomidine. This effect was reversible. 3. CYP1A activities, measured as EROD activities, were increased at medetomidine water concentrations from 0.5-5 nM in rainbow trout, Atlantic salmon, turbot and three spined stickleback, but also decreased activity has been observed in turbot. Investigations in vitro have shown medetomidine to be a potent inhibitor of EROD activity. 4. Other parameters studied have not been affected by medetomidine treatment at these concentrations.
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128.
  • Livingstone, D R, et al. (författare)
  • Development of hepatic CYP1A and blood vitellogenin in eel (Anguilla anguilla) for use as biomarkers in the Thames Estuary, UK.
  • 2002
  • Ingår i: Marine environmental research. - 0141-1136. ; 50:1-5, s. 367-71
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The potential of eel (Anguilla anguilla) as a monitoring species for the Thames Estuary, UK, was examined. Hepatic cytochrome P4501A [7-ethoxyresorufin O-deethylase (EROD) activity] and blood vitellogenin (Western analysis) were investigated as biomarkers of exposure to, respectively, organic contaminants and to contaminants showing estrogenic activity. Hepatic microsomal EROD activities in A. anguilla from seven sites in the Thames Estuary in May 1998 varied three-fold (111 +/- 24 to 355 +/- 42 pmol min-1 mg protein-1) (mean +/- S.E.M.) and showed correlation with salinity; however, the latter relationship was not maintained at other times of the year. The range of EROD activities was two- to eight-fold higher than the 37 +/- 8 pmol min-1 mg-1 for A. anguilla from the relatively clean Tamar Estuary. beta-Naphthoflavone treatment (5 mg kg-1 wet wt.; 2 days) of Thames A. anguilla produced a two-fold increase in hepatic microsomal EROD activity. Comparing the Thames EROD data with those for A. anguilla from well-characterised contaminated sites in the Netherlands (Van der Oost, R., Goksøyr, A., Celander, M., Heida, H., & Vermeulen, N. P. E. 1996. Aquatic Toxicology, 36, 189-222), the Thames is suggested to be moderately impacted by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and related contaminants. 17-beta-Estradiol treatment produced the appearance of a plasma protein of 211 Kd app. mol. wt. (recognised by antibodies to vitellogenin of Morone saxatilis), but putative vitellogenin could not be detected in A. anguilla from selected sites in the Thames Estuary.
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Förlin, Lars, 1950 (164)
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