| 1261. |
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| 1262. |
- Kuhn, Hans-Georg, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Bromodeoxyuridine and the detection of neurogenesis.
- 2007
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Ingår i: Current pharmaceutical biotechnology. - 1873-4316. ; 8:3, s. 127-31
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) is widely used for labeling dividing cells to determine their fate. In particular, the analysis of neurogenesis in the adult mammalian brain has made significant progress through the use of this technique. However; when using BrdU for labeling, there are several issues to consider in order to minimalize possible cytotoxicity or false-positive labeling. This current review summarizes methodological and technical aspects of BrdU administration and detection, compares alternative methods and gives recommendations on how to avoid labeling artifacts.
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| 1263. |
- Kuhn, Hans-Georg, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Changes in neurogenesis in dementia and Alzheimer mouse models: are they functionally relevant?
- 2007
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Ingår i: European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 0940-1334 .- 1433-8491. ; 257:5, s. 281-9
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Alzheimer's disease and related dementias are devastating disorders that lead to the progressive decline of cognitive functions. Characteristic features are severe brain atrophy, paralleled by accumulation of beta amyloid and neurofibrillary tangles. With the discovery of neurogenesis in the adult brain, the hopes have risen that these neurodegenerative conditions could be overcome, or at least ameliorated, by the generation of new neurons. The location of the adult neurogenic zones in the hippocampus and the lateral ventricle wall, close to corpus callosum and neocortex, indicates strategic positions for potential repair processes. However, we also need to consider that the generation of new neurons is possibly involved in cognitive functions and could, therefore, be influenced by disease pathology. Moreover, aberrant neurogenic mechanisms could even be a part of the pathological events of neurodegenerative diseases. It is the scope of this review to summarize and analyze the recent data from neurogenesis research with respect to Alzheimer's disease and its animal models.
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| 1264. |
- Kuhn, Hans-Georg, 1961, et al.
(författare)
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Developmental dysregulation of adult neurogenesis.
- 2011
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Ingår i: The European journal of neuroscience. - : Wiley. - 1460-9568 .- 0953-816X. ; 33:6, s. 1115-22
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Rather than a singular event that suddenly appears during adulthood, adult neurogenesis has long been recognized as the continuation of postnatal neurogenic activity. During the first postnatal weeks, significant cellular changes occur within and adjacent to germinal matrices of the subventricular zone and dentate gyrus. The majority of granule cells are generated during this period. In addition, radial glia are transformed into astrocyte-like stem cells, the ependymal layer is formed, and the highest rates of angiogenesis, gliogenesis and myelination are observed. The first postnatal weeks are critical as the brain growth rate is maximal, and changes during this period can have a great impact on neurogenesis levels and overall brain function later in life. This review chronicles cellular changes and some of the clinically relevant dysregulations that can occur during the postnatal period, and discusses the possible impact of these changes on neurogenesis and cognitive function later in life.
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| 1265. |
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| 1266. |
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| 1267. |
- Kukka, Antti, et al.
(författare)
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Incidence and outcomes of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy in low-income and middle-income countries: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- 2022
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Ingår i: BMJ global health. - : BMJ. - 2059-7908. ; 7:12
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To examine the incidence of intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy, and neonatal mortality and neurodevelopmental outcomes associated with it in low-income and middle-income countries.Reports were included when neonatal encephalopathy diagnosed clinically within 24 hours of birth in term or near-term infants born after intrapartum hypoxia-ischaemia defined as any of the following: (1) pH≤7.1 or base excess ≤-12 or lactate ≥6, (2) Apgar score ≤5 at 5 or 10 min, (3) continuing resuscitation at 5 or 10 min or (4) no cry from baby at 5 or 10 min. Peer-reviewed articles were searched from Ovid MEDLINE, Cochrane, Web of Science and WHO Global Index Medicus with date limits 1 November 2009 to 17 November 2021. Risk of bias was assessed using modified Newcastle Ottawa Scale. Inverse variance of heterogenicity was used for meta-analyses.There were 53 reports from 51 studies presenting data on 4181 children with intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy included in the review. Only five studies had data on incidence, which ranged from 1.5 to 20.3 per 1000 live births. Neonatal mortality was examined in 45 studies and in total 636 of the 3307 (19.2%) infants died. Combined outcome of death or moderate to severe neurodevelopmental disability was reported in 19 studies and occurred in 712 out of 1595 children (44.6%) with follow-up 1 to 3.5 years.Though there has been progress in some regions, incidence, case mortality and morbidity in intrapartum-related neonatal encephalopathy has been static in the last 10 years.CRD42020177928.
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| 1268. |
- Kukulies, Julia, et al.
(författare)
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Mesoscale convective systems in the third pole region: Characteristics, mechanisms and impact on precipitation
- 2023
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Earth Science. - 2296-6463. ; 11
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- The climate system of the Third Pole region, including the (TP) and its surroundings, is highly sensitive to global warming. Mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) are understood to be a vital component of this climate system. Driven by the monsoon circulation, surface heating, and large-scale and local moisture supply, they frequently occur during summer and mostly over the central and eastern TP as well as in the downstream regions. Further, MCSs have been highlighted as important contributors to total precipitation as they are efficient rain producers affecting water availability (seasonal precipitation) and potential flood risk (extreme precipitation) in the densely populated downstream regions. The availability of multi-decadal satellite observations and high-resolution climate model datasets has made it possible to study the role of MCSs in the under-observed TP water balance. However, the usage of different methods for MCS identification and the different focuses on specific subregions currently hamper a systematic and consistent assessment of the role played by MCSs and their impact on precipitation over the TP headwaters and its downstream regions. Here, we review observational and model studies of MCSs in the TP region within a common framework to elucidate their main characteristics, underlying mechanisms, and impact on seasonal and extreme precipitation. We also identify major knowledge gaps and provide suggestions on how these can be addressed using recently published high-resolution model datasets. Three important identified knowledge gaps are 1) the feedback of MCSs to other components of the TP climate system, 2) the impact of the changing climate on future MCS characteristics, and 3) the basin-scale assessment of flood and drought risks associated with changes in MCS frequency and intensity. A particularly promising tool to address these knowledge gaps are convection-permitting climate simulations. Therefore, the systematic evaluation of existing historical convection-permitting climate simulations over the TP is an urgent requirement for reliable future climate change assessments.
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| 1269. |
- Kuliński, Karol, et al.
(författare)
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Biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea
- 2022
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Ingår i: Earth System Dynamics. - : Copernicus GmbH. - 2190-4979 .- 2190-4987. ; 13, s. 633-685
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Location, specific topography, and hydrographic setting together with climate change and strong anthropogenic pressure are the main factors shaping the biogeochemical functioning and thus also the ecological status of the Baltic Sea. The recent decades have brought significant changes in the Baltic Sea. First, the rising nutrient loads from land in the second half of the 20th century led to eutrophication and spreading of hypoxic and anoxic areas, for which permanent stratification of the water column and limited ventilation of deep-water layers made favourable conditions. Since the 1980s the nutrient loads to the Baltic Sea have been continuously decreasing. This, however, has so far not resulted in significant improvements in oxygen availability in the deep regions, which has revealed a slow response time of the system to the reduction of the land-derived nutrient loads. Responsible for that is the low burial efficiency of phosphorus at anoxic conditions and its remobilization from sediments when conditions change from oxic to anoxic. This results in a stoichiometric excess of phosphorus available for organic-matter production, which promotes the growth of N2-fixing cyanobacteria and in turn supports eutrophication. This assessment reviews the available and published knowledge on the biogeochemical functioning of the Baltic Sea. In its content, the paper covers the aspects related to changes in carbon, nitrogen, and phosphorus (C, N, and P) external loads, their transformations in the coastal zone, changes in organic-matter production (eutrophication) and remineralization (oxygen availability), and the role of sediments in burial and turnover of C, N, and P. In addition to that, this paper focuses also on changes in the marine CO2 system, the structure and functioning of the microbial community, and the role of contaminants for biogeochemical processes. This comprehensive assessment allowed also for identifying knowledge gaps and future research needs in the field of marine biogeochemistry in the Baltic Sea. Copyright:
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| 1270. |
- Kullenberg, Christopher, 1980
(författare)
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Editorial - The Mission of the Resistance Studies Magazine
- 2008
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Ingår i: The Resistance Studies Magazine. - 1654-7063. ; 1:1, s. 3-7
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- In a complex and globalised world the issue of power and resistance needs to be raised continually. Resistance, as a practice aimed at inequalities, whatever they may be, is not a marginal phenomenon, even though it may vary in size and shape dramatically. On the 15th of February 2003 millions of people around the world hit the streets in a manifestation against the war in Iraq. The protest was coordinated from ‘below’, by grass-root movements displaying their ability to form transnational networks. But how could the protest evolve like this in the first place? This cannot be understood as merely mass behaviour, but rather, the research agenda of Resistance studies would be looking into how social networks are shaped, how conflict and pragmatic consensus are negotiated, and what kinds of dispersive mechanisms operating to reduce the complexity along a multiplicity of actors, synchronizing them into one of the largest demonstrations in history.
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