| 11. |
- Wadensten, Barbro, et al.
(författare)
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Nursing staff's description of a good encounter in nursing homes
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Older People Nursing. - Oxford : Blackwell. - 1748-3735 .- 1748-3743. ; 4:3, s. 203-210
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background. It has been stated that there is too little research on what constitutes good communication and good encounters in nursing homes. Aim and objectives. The aim of the present study was to examine nursing staff members’ views on what is important in caring encounters with older people living in nursing homes. Design. A qualitative descriptive study using focus group interviews with staff in a nursing home in Sweden. Method. Focus group interviews, analysed using qualitative content analysis. Results. Three main themes emerged describing nursing staff members’ opinions about the content of good encounters: ‘Caring encounters from the perspective of equality’, ‘Caring encounters from the perspective of integrity’ and ‘Caring encounters from the perspective of promoting security’. Conclusions. The nursing staff had theoretical knowledge of what constitutes a good caring encounter, but they seemed to need more supervision and training to develop their ways of encountering older people as well as to become stronger in their professional role. When performing such training with staff, the methodology of appreciative inquiry could be a powerful tool. Relevance to clinical practice. It is important to help staff become empowered and to help them develop and improve their encounters with older care recipients.
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| 12. |
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| 13. |
- Widar, Marita, et al.
(författare)
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Living with long-term pain after stroke
- 2007
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Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- ObjectivesThe general aim of this thesis was to classify and describe long-term pain two years after a stroke and to describe the experiences of pain, and the consequences it has on the persons’ lives.Material and methodsThe studies comprised 43 persons, 13 women and 30 men, aged 33-82 years, with pain after stroke and no other major pain conditions and able to participate in an interview and independently answer questionnaires.The studies were conducted from a multidimensional perspective on pain, combining quantitative and qualitative methods. Clinical examinations were somatic, neurological and Quantitative Sensory Testing (QST). The Pain-O-Meter, ADL staircase, Self-reported impairment, SF-36 and Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale were used. Qualitative interviews were performed and analyzed with content analysis.ResultsThree types of pain were classified: Neuropathic (central post-stroke pain) (n=15), nociceptive/mainly shoulder pain (n=18) and tension-type headache (n=10). Pain onset, within one to six months in most of the cases was after discharge from the hospital. Continuous pain or pain almost every day was reported by nearly two-thirds. The pain was mostly described as troublesome, annoying and tiring in all groups. The rating of pain intensity revealed individual differences among the participants within the pain groups. In addition to long-term pain, the participants suffered several impairments and nearly half of them were dependent on others, and two-thirds on assistive devices. Several coping strategies were described, most often problem-focused. Their health-related quality of life was decreased, mostly related to their long-term pain and physical impairments. Their experiences of caring revealed the need of improvements in knowledge about long-term pain, attention and understanding among the professionals, and continuity in the contacts.ConclusionAll professionals need knowledge about pain conditions after stroke. Pain assessment and classification, regular follow-up and documentation are required in order to prevent unnecessary suffering. Patients need attention, understanding and continuity in contacts with professionals. Further, information and education about pain and treatment/caring interventions are required in the case of both the sufferer and next of kin.
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| 14. |
- da Silva, Zacarias J., et al.
(författare)
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Changes in prevalence and incidence of HIV-1, HIV-2 and dual infections in urban areas of Bissau, Guinea-Bissau : is HIV-2 disappearing?
- 2008
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Ingår i: AIDS. - London : Gower Academic Journals. - 0269-9370 .- 1473-5571. ; 22:10, s. 1195-1202
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Objectives: To assess the changes in HIV prevalence and incidence between 1996 and 2006 in urban areas of Bissau.Design: A cross-sectional survey of 384 randomly selected houses within a community-based follow-up study of HIV-1 and HIV-2.Methods: A total of 3242 individuals aged at least 15 years were eligible for inclusion. Participants were interviewed about behavioral and socio-economic factors and had a blood sample drawn. A total of 2548 individuals were tested for antibodies to HIV-1 and HIV-2, of whom 649 had taken part in a similar survey in 1996.Results: With 0.5% HIV dual reactions included, the overall HIV-1 prevalence was 4.6% (118 out of 2548) and the HIV-2 prevalence was 4.4% (112 out of 2548). The prevalence of HIV-1 increased more for women than men especially in the 25-34-year age group. HIV-2 prevalence decreased below 45 years of age but not for individuals more than 45 years old. The incidence rate between 1996 and 2006 was 0.5 per 100 person-years for HIV-1 and 0.24 per 100 person-years for HIV-2. Compared with a previous period from 1987 to 1996, the incidence of HIV-2 is declining whereas no significant increase in the incidence of HIV-1 was observed.Conclusions: The present study shows an increasing prevalence of HIV-1 and a decreasing prevalence of HIV-2 in Guinea-Bissau. HIV is generally a bigger problem for women. Despite the general decline in prevalence, HIV-2 may continue as an infection in older people, especially women.
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| 15. |
- Frisk, Margot, et al.
(författare)
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An investigation of the housing environment for persons with asthma and persons without asthma
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:1, s. 4-12
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Asthma is a chronic disease affected by environmental factors that may increase symptoms that impact on a persons' well-being. An important issue in occupational therapy is to improve the relationship between a person's functional capacity and the physical environment. The aim of the study was to compare the housing environment of persons with asthma (cases, n=49) and persons without asthma (controls, n=48), with regard to building construction and condition, physical, chemical and biological factors, and cleaning routines. A secondary aim was to compare different types of accommodation within cases and controls. A specialist team, including a construction engineer, a biological scientist, and an occupational therapist, conducted the study. Data were collected using protocols, as well as a number of established technical methods from the field of occupational and environmentsl medicine. The primary results showed no major differences in the housing environment between the two groups. However, in individual homes environmental factors at levels that could increase symptoms were identified. When single-familyhouses were compared with multi-family houses, significant differences were found indicating that preventive interventions may be needed in some single-family houses. Further studies are needed to clarify the person-environment relationship for persons with asthma, focusing on their ability to perform daily activities.
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| 16. |
- Frisk, Margot L. A., 1945-, et al.
(författare)
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Can a housing environmental index establish associations between indoor risk indicators and clinical tests in persons with asthma?
- 2009
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Ingår i: International Journal of Environmental Health Research. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 0960-3123 .- 1369-1619. ; 19:6, s. 389-404
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim was to investigate the associations between indoor risk indicators, identified by a Housing Environmental index (HE-index), and clinical tests of lung function, allergy and bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR). Forty-nine eligible subjects participated in the investigation. The HE-index was based on national and international guidelines and related to measurements of humidity, temperature, carbon dioxide, formaldehyde, nitrogen dioxide, allergens and occurrence of tobacco smoke and pets. Only 18% of the investigated homes did not have any of the risk indicators. Statistically significant associations were found between exposure to mites and lung function, and to a lesser degree in BHR for subjects living in homes with pets. The cut-off levels in the HE-index were not specifically related to health effects and may therefore have been too high for sensitive persons. Further studies are needed to establish relevant guidelines for the identification of risk indicators in the housing environment for persons with asthma.
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| 17. |
- Kjellin, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Activity-based assessment (BIA)-inter-rater reliability and staff experiences
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:2, s. 75-81
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The BIA method, based on assessment of patients in activities, was developed to enable reliable assessment of clients' occupational functioning. The method evaluates the patient's ego functions and capacity for activity and participation. The aims of this study were to examine inter-rater reliability for the BIA method and to compare the experiences of staff working with the BIA with those of staff using standard assessment (SA). In SA, the patient's activity problems and capacities were assessed without using any structured protocol. Four staff members worked according to the BIA method and eight according to SA. The estimation of reliability was based on data from 14 patients who went trough the BIA and were assessed by five staff members. These assessments resulted in all in about 400 statements, which were classified and compared for agreement between raters. In order to address the aim concerning staff experiences, a questionnaire was filled out anonymously by the staff. The inter-rater reliability of the nine ego functions varied from 0.76 to 1.00. The scale was deemed appropriate by the BIA staff and they had significantly higher median ratings on work satisfaction and appropriateness than the SA staff. In conclusion, the inter-rater reliability of the BIA was found to be good. The BIA method also seems to have a high degree of appropriateness, constituting a promising assessment tool when occupational functioning is addressed.
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| 18. |
- Müllersdorf, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Occupation as described by novice occupational therapy students in Sweden : the first step in a theory generative process grounded in empirical data
- 2008
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - London : Taylor & Francis. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 15:1, s. 34-42
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A core assumption in occupational therapy is that occupation enhances health. This study is one of a series of planned studies carried out in Sweden, with the overall aim to develop a theory, based on empirical grounds, concerning the dimensions of occupation that may be useful in occupational therapy. The specific aim for this study is to examine the dimensions of occupation as generally understood among novice occupational therapy students. Grounded Theory was the chosen method. Data were collected among occupational therapy students. The students wrote down spontaneously what they considered to be included in activity. A preliminary core category ‘‘The what, why, and how of occupation’’ and five other categories emerged from the analysis: (1) The doing and context of occupation; (2) Motive for occupation; (3) Time and place for occupation; (4) Type of participation; and (5) Outcome of occupation. Relationships between the categories were established between the Motive for occupation and Outcome of occupation, which constitute a kind of prerequisite for occupation. The three remaining categories: The doing and context of occupation, Time and place for occupation, and Type of participation established a form for occupation. In conclusion, the study results illuminated the richness of the concept of occupation and support the core assumption in occupational therapy that occupation enhances health.
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| 19. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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Lifeworld perspectives utilizing assistive devices : individuals, lived experience following a stroke
- 2007
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Ingår i: Canadian Journal of Occupational Therapy / Revue Canadienne d`Ergotèrapie. - Toronto : Canadian Association of Occupational Therapists. - 0008-4174. ; 74:1, s. 15-26
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- BACKGROUND: In lifeworld research, the individual's experience of meaning is of primary importance.PURPOSE: This paper explores how individuals post stroke who have a disability, described their personal meaning and lived experiences associated with the use of assistive devices.METHODS: A hermeneutic-phenomenological research approach was used. A conversational interview was conducted with 22 post-stroke individuals regarding their daily experiences utilizing assistive devices.RESULTS: The results showed a dual experience regarding the use of assistive devices, which is often complex and contradictory. The devices were viewed as a prerequisite for well-being and independence but at the same time, the devices gave rise to negative feelings because of the restrictions implied by their use. These dual experiences were explored in relation to the lived body, space, relations to others, and time.PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS: The results of this study will facilitate occupational therapists understanding of an individual's experiences utilizing assistive devices and their need for support with this process.
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| 20. |
- Pettersson, Ingvor, et al.
(författare)
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The effect of an outdoor powered wheelchair on activity and participation in users with stroke
- 2006
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Ingår i: Disability and Rehabilitation: Assistive Technology. - Abingdon, Oxford, UK : Taylor & Francis. - 1748-3107 .- 1748-3115. ; 1:4, s. 235-243
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose.Persons with disabilities after stroke are often restricted in activity and participation in society because of mobility limitations. An outdoor powered wheelchair may be one among other interventions in a rehabilitation programme. The aim of this study was to describe and compare activity limitations and participation restrictions in persons with stroke from their own perspective, before and after using an outdoor powered wheelchair. Method. At baseline and follow-up two instruments were used: Individually Prioritized Problem Assessment (IPPA) and World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule II (WHODAS II). Results. The results indicated that the powered wheelchair has a great positive effect on activity and participation assessed with IPPA. The results also showed that most of the participants' problems could be categorised as belonging to the domain of 'Community, social and civic life' according to the International Classification of Functioning, Disability and Health (ICF), and the effect size in this domain was large (2.4) after the participants had used the wheelchair. Conclusion. An outdoor powered wheelchair is an essential device for persons with disability after stroke with regard to overcoming activity limitations and participation restrictions in everyday life.
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