| 91. |
- Revesz, R L, et al.
(författare)
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The social cost of carbon: A global imperative
- 2017
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Ingår i: Review of Environmental Economics and Policy. - : University of Chicago Press. - 1750-6824 .- 1750-6824 .- 1750-6816. ; 11:1, s. 172-173
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Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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| 92. |
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| 93. |
- Rockström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
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Skatten har trots allt fungerat bra
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412.
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Det viktiga i den internationella debatten är att koldioxidskatten – trots vissa brister – fungerat bra och inte lett till någon ekonomisk kollaps, skriver Johan Rockström med flera i en slutreplik.
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| 94. |
- Rockström, Johan, et al.
(författare)
-
Sveriges koldioxidskatt är en förebild
- 2015
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2015-12-29
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Sverige har visat att vi lyckats förena ekonomisk tillväxt med minskade utsläpp. Den svenska koldioxidskatten är därför ett exempel för andra att följa. Nu hotas denna skatt i vissa delar av EU:s skattebyråkrati. Det är inte acceptabelt, skriver Johan Rockström med flera forskare gemensamt.
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| 95. |
- Rääf, Christopher, et al.
(författare)
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Restoring areas after a radioactive fallout : A multidisciplinary study on decontamination
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Radioactivity. - : Elsevier. - 0265-931X .- 1879-1700. ; 270
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Land remediation is an important part of restoration measures after a radioactive fallout containing long-lived fission products such as 137Cs. In this multidisciplinary study, we focused on three main issues related to remediation of contaminated urban areas. First, we assessed how much decontamination contributes to reducing resident radiation exposure and how much this reduction depends on the timing of implemented measures. Second, we calculated direct and indirect costs of decontamination in an industrialized country such as Sweden. Finally, in a survey study, we considered reactions of Swedish citizens to being given the hypothetical option of moving to a site decontaminated after radioactive fallout and how this predicted response might influence the design of contingency plans. The main findings are that clean-up operations must be done within the first few years after a fallout to contribute significantly to reducing residual dose. If conducted within 1-2 years, large-scale decontamination can, on average, avert 20-200 manSv per km2 residential area and unit ground deposition of 137Cs (1 MBq). The estimated direct costs (in 2020 purchasing power) would amount to 100 million Euro per km2 decontaminated residential area (comparable to Japanese estimates after the Fukushima accident), generating 39,000 m3 of radioactive waste on average, mainly in the form of 137Cs-contaminated topsoil. In our survey study of 2291 Swedish respondents about their willingness to return to decontaminated homes, women, families with resident children, and high-income earners exhibited more skepticism about returning, even if authorities were to deem it safe. The demographic pattern in attitudes was similar to that found among evacuees in the Fukushima prefecture after 2011. We conclude that predefined ranges of measured 137Cs ground deposition can be used as guidance for rescue leaders in the early post-accident phase in long-term planning for affected areas. This planning should include timing and intensity of decontamination measures, duration of evacuation, and risk communication to citizens. Because some citizens expressed both high risk perception and risk aversion, however, timely and dialogic communication is unlikely to limit a shift after the incident to an older and more male-dominated population composition. There is a risk that those who can afford to do so will move away, whereas people whose wealth is locked in property (houses or businesses) will feel stuck. Perceptions of unfairness may fray the social fabric and complicate resettlement, which in some cases may mean inefficient outlay of decontamination costs. We believe that the issue of monetary compensation to affected residents requires priority in future work.
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| 96. |
- Silvestro, Daniele, et al.
(författare)
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Improving biodiversity protection through artificial intelligence
- 2022
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Ingår i: Nature Sustainibility. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 2398-9629.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Over a million species face extinction, highlighting the urgent need for conservation policies that maximize the protection of biodiversity to sustain its manifold contributions to people’s lives. Here we present a novel framework for spatial conservation prioritization based on reinforcement learning that consistently outperforms available state-of-the-art software using simulated and empirical data. Our methodology, conservation area prioritization through artificial intelligence (CAPTAIN), quantifies the trade-off between the costs and benefits of area and biodiversity protection, allowing the exploration of multiple biodiversity metrics. Under a limited budget, our model protects significantly more species from extinction than areas selected randomly or naively (such as based on species richness). CAPTAIN achieves substantially better solutions with empirical data than alternative software, meeting conservation targets more reliably and generating more interpretable prioritization maps. Regular biodiversity monitoring, even with a degree of inaccuracy characteristic of citizen science surveys, further improves biodiversity outcomes. Artificial intelligence holds great promise for improving the conservation and sustainable use of biological and ecosystem values in a rapidly changing and resource-limited world.
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| 97. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Environmental Fiscal Reform in East and Southern Africa and its Effects on Income Distribution
- 2010
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Ingår i: Rivista di Politica Economica. - 0035-6468. ; July-September 2009:VII-IX, s. 91-120
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The paper reviews the current use of instruments for environmental fiscal reform (EFR) in selected East and Southern African countries and analyzes the effects on income distribution from fuel taxes. Theoretical arguments for introducing taxes on environmental and fiscal grounds as well as potential trade-offs between environmental and fiscal objectives are discussed. While most African countries have introduced several environmental taxes, our analysis indicates there is a considerable potential to improve both revenue generation and environmental benefits. Building on detailed case studies of fuel consumption, we find that fuel taxes appear to be progressive and not regressive as often claimed.
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| 98. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Farliga kemikalier måste fasas ut snabbare
- 2016
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Ingår i: Svenska Dagbladet. - 1101-2412. ; :2016-04-21
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Tidskriftsartikel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)abstract
- Avvecklingen av giftiga och cancerframkallande ämnen är orimligt långsam. Det visar erfarenheterna av lösningsmedlet TRI som idag blir förbjudet i Europa. Kemikaliepolitiken i EU måste bli mer ambitiös, skriver forskare i nationalekonomi och ekotoxikologi vid Göteborgs universitet.
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| 99. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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REACH authorisation and the substitution of hazardous chemicals: The case of trichloroethylene
- 2022
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Ingår i: Journal of Cleaner Production. - : Elsevier BV. - 0959-6526. ; 364
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Through a survey with European companies and expert interviews we study how REACH authorisation affects the phase-out of hazardous chemicals focusing on trichloroethylene, a well-studied solvent used in metal parts cleaning. We find that most of the firms have substituted trichloroethylene by perchloroethylene, which has similar chemical characteristics. This allows them to continue to use the same machines and routines at low costs. Although perchloroethylene is only classified as a suspected rather than a proven carcinogenic substance in Europe, the “improvement” as the result of much regulatory effort must be considered fairly limited, particularly in the light of less hazardous alternatives being used on the market for a long time. Our survey shows that the REACH authorisation process has some effect. Many firms cited as their main reason for substitution that they wanted to avoid the renewed application process. Still, the fact that many firms report using old machines reinforces the impression that some firms are not feeling enough pressure to modify routines and engage in a more fundamental substitution process. The results illustrate the limited effectiveness of a substance by substance approach in chemical risk management. When companies can substitute chemicals of concern to substances with similar chemical characteristics, the health and environmental objectives of chemical regulation are not achieved. An important policy conclusion is that additional incentives need to be introduced in order to realize the ambition of a non-toxic environment in the European Chemicals Strategy for Sustainability. Increased use of measures targeting broader groups of structurally similar hazardous chemicals, in combination with fees that incentivize substitution, are promising avenues for a more sustainable European chemicals strategy.
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| 100. |
- Slunge, Daniel, 1968, et al.
(författare)
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Valuation when baselines are changing: Tick-borne disease risk and recreational choice
- 2019
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Ingår i: Resources and Energy Economics. - : Elsevier BV. - 0928-7655. ; 58
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Understanding how changes in baseline risk influence preferences for risk reduction is important when valuing the welfare effects of environmental change, including the spread of disease. We conduct a survey-based choice experiment among respondents residing in areas with different prevalence of ticks and incidence of Lyme borreliosis (LB) and tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) in Sweden. Respondents face a trade-off between risk and travel cost when choosing between visiting recreational areas differing in prevalence of ticks and disease incidence. Our study indicates that the presence of ticks and the associated risk of tick-borne diseases significantly influence the choice of recreational area and have substantial welfare effects. The mean willingness to pay (WTP) per trip to avoid areas with different levels of ticks, LB risk and TBE risk ranges from 12 to 78 EUR. The WTP for risk reduction is significantly lower among respondents residing in risk areas compared to respondents in emerging risk areas. Explanations for these differences in WTP for risk reduction between groups with different baseline risks include differences in reference point utility, knowledge and learning, leading to adaptation of behaviour and preferences.
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