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- Andersson, Svante, et al.
(författare)
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Born Globals' foreign market channel strategies
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1479-3059 .- 1479-3067. ; 1:4, s. 356-373
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Foreign entry mode choices are decisions of paramount importance for the long-term survival and growth of companies that are in a process of rapid international expansion. In this paper we seek to understand the foreign market channel strategies of Born Globals. We examine whether these companies develop a similar strategy regarding foreign entry mode choices and whether their market channel strategies differ from contemporary theories treating this problem. A comparative case study conducted on four companies meeting the criteria of Born Globals suggests that they do not show a common foreign entry mode. Instead, the companies seem to have very different market channel strategies even if they all have internationalised very rapidly. These findings are discussed against the current range of theoretical models that seek to explain the companies' foreign entry mode choice. We conclude the paper with some implications and suggestions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Bergh, Håkan, 1958, et al.
(författare)
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Life events, social support and sense of coherence among frequent attenders in primary health care.
- 2006
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Ingår i: Public health. - : Elsevier BV. - 0033-3506 .- 1476-5616. ; 120, s. 229-236
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVES: The aim of this survey was to compare stressful life events, social support and sense of coherence (SOC) between frequent attenders (FAs) and normal attenders (controls) in primary health care. STUDY DESIGN: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a primary healthcare centre in the south-west of Sweden. METHODS: A postal questionnaire was sent to 263 frequent attenders and 703 normal attenders. The questionnaire comprised sociodemographic variables and scales of stressful life events, social support and SOC. The results from the questionnaire were compared between the groups, and the significance of the variables in terms of attendance was tested in a multiple regression analysis. RESULTS: More of the FAs were secondarily single, they had more chronic diseases and were more often living on a sickness/disablement pension than the controls. FAs did not report more stressful life events than the controls nor was their experience of events more negative. Social support was as strong among FAs as among controls, and it had no significant effect on their frequent attendance. FAs had a significantly weaker SOC compared with controls. The variables that significantly influenced frequent attendance were high age [odds ratio (OR) = 1.02], chronic disease (OR = 3.08), sickness/disablement pension (OR = 2.46) and SOC (OR = 0.97). CONCLUSIONS: SOC had a significant influence on frequent attendance in primary health care, but stressful life events and social support did not. FAs did not report more stressful life events. However, due to an inadequate coping strategy, indicated by a weak SOC, the life events probably caused them more symptoms and diseases, and thereby a higher consulting frequency.
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| 4. |
- Björk, Maria, et al.
(författare)
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Needs of young children with cancer during their initial hospitalization : An observational study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Oncology Nursing. - : Sage Publications. - 1043-4542 .- 1532-8457. ; 23:4, s. 210-219
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this study was to describe young (under the age of 7) children's needs as expressed by their behavior, body language and verbal expression through observations during their initial hospitalization after being diagnosed with cancer. Twelve children under the age of seven were followed during 26 hours with non-participant unstructured observations. Field notes were written after each observation and transcribed into a narrative text, which was analyzed by content analysis at both manifest and latent level. Five themes were identified, of which "need to have the parent close by" was the most prominent. The other themes were "need to play and feel joy," "need for participation in care and treatment," "need for a good relationship with the staff," and "need for physical and emotional satisfaction." The results indicate that the children needed their parents and the parents' presence helped the children to express other needs. Professionals need to support the child and his or her parents so that the parents in their turn can support and alleviate their child's hospitalization and cancer treatment. © 2006 by Association of Pediatric Oncology Nurses.
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| 5. |
- Coenen, Lars, et al.
(författare)
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Comparing a pharmaceutical and an agro-food bioregion: on the importance of knowledge bases for socio-spatial patterns of innovation
- 2006
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Ingår i: Industry and Innovation. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1366-2716 .- 1469-8390. ; 13:1, s. 393-414
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The aim of this paper is to compare the socio-spatial patterns of innovation and knowledge linkages of a biopharmaceutical and an agro-food biotech cluster. Dissimilarities can be expected based on differences in terms of historical technological regimes and sectoral innovation system dynamics between the agro-food and pharmaceutical industries in general and particularly the distinctive analytical (science-based) knowledge base of biopharmaceuticals in contrast with the more synthetic (engineering-based) knowledge base of agro-food biotechnology. Drawing on bibliometric data and case material the study compares two representative bioregions: a biopharmaceutical cluster in Scania, Sweden and an agro-food biotech cluster in Saskatoon, Canada. The empirical study supports the theoretical expectations and shows that knowledge dynamics in the agro-food cluster are more localized than in the biopharmaceuticals cluster. It is important, however, to acknowledge that these differences are relative. Both sectors display local and non-local patterns of collaboration following the general pattern for biotechnology.
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| 6. |
- Elgán, Carina, et al.
(författare)
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Bone mineral density in relation to body mass index among young women: A prospective cohort study.
- 2006
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Ingår i: International Journal of Nursing Studies. - : Elsevier BV. - 1873-491X .- 0020-7489. ; 43:6, s. 663-672
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Aim: To identify important predictors among lifestyle behaviours and physiological factors of bone mineral density (BMD) in relation to body mass index (BMI) among young women over a 2-year period. Design, sample and measurements: Data were collected in 1999 and 2001. Healthy young women (n=152) completed a questionnaire. BMD measurements were performed by DEXA in the calcaneus. The women were subdivided into three categories according to baseline BMI. Results: Baseline bodyweight explained 25% of the variability in BMD at follow-up in the BMI<19 category, and high physical activity seemed to hinder BMD development. In the BMI>24 category, a difference in time spent outdoors during winter between baseline and follow-up was the single most important factor for BMD levels. Overweight women with periods of amenorrhoea had lower BMD than overweight women without such periods. Conclusions: Predictors and lifestyle behaviours associated with BMD are likely to be based on women of normal weight. BMI should be considered when advising on physical activity, since high physical activity seems to impair BMD development among underweight young women, possibly due to energy imbalance. Among overweight women, sleep satisfaction is the greatest predictor associated with BMD change and may indicate better bone formation conditions. Energy balance and sleep quality may be prerequisites of bone health and should be considered in prevention.
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| 7. |
- Gunnarsson, Birgitta, 1958-, et al.
(författare)
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The Tree Theme Method in psychosocial occupational therapy – a case study
- 2006
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Occupational Therapy. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1103-8128 .- 1651-2014. ; 13:4, s. 229-240
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This study aimed to describe the Tree Theme Method (TTM) as a method for intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy. The TTM is based on theories concerning creative activities and occupational storytelling and story making. In order to exemplify the method a case study of a treatment process with follow up was undertaken. The participant was a female client suffering from anxiety and depression. During an interview the client painted symbolic trees on five different occasions with specific variations of the tree theme: a tree symbolizing her present life, her childhood, adolescence, adulthood, and, finally, a tree representing her future. The trees were used as starting points for the client to tell her life story. The intention was that she would find new strategies for how to change her daily life. Three years later there was a follow up stage where the client painted new trees and told her story. Some life themes were identified. The TTM appears suitable for intervention in psychosocial occupational therapy. In future studies the TTM should be subjected to evaluation research based on several clients in order to develop a deeper understanding of the process and what kind of results changes in the TTM intervention may provide.
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| 8. |
- Hacker, R Scott, et al.
(författare)
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Tests for Causality between Integrated Variables Using Asymptotic and Bootstrap Distributions : Theory and Application
- 2006
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Ingår i: Applied Economics. - : Informa UK Limited. - 0003-6846 .- 1466-4283. ; 38:13, s. 1489-1500
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Causality tests in the Granger's sense are increasingly applied in empirical research. Since the unit root revolution in time-series analysis, several modifications of tests for causality have been introduced in the literature. One of the recent developments is the Toda-Yamamoto modified Wald (MWALD) test, which is attractive due to its simple application, its absence of pre-testing distortions, and its basis on a standard asymptotical distribution irrespective of the number of unit roots and the cointegrating properties of the data. This study investigates the size properties of the MWALD test and finds that in small sample sizes this test performs poorly on those properties when using its asymptotical distribution, the chi-square. It is suggested that use be made of a leveraged bootstrap distribution to lower the size distortions. Monte Carlo simulation results show that an MWALD test based on a bootstrap distribution has much smaller size distortions than corresponding cases when the asymptotic distribution is used. These results hold for different sample sizes, integration orders, and error term processes (homoscedastic or ARCH). This new method is applied to the testing of the efficient market hypothesis
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