| 1. |
- Berthelsen, Hanne, et al.
(author)
-
Benchmarks for Evidence-Based Risk Assessment with the Swedish Version of the 4-Item Psychosocial Safety Climate Scale.
- 2020
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:22
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The purpose of the present study was to validate the short version of The Psychosocial Safety Climate questionnaire (PSC-4, Dollard, 2019) and to establish benchmarks indicating risk levels for use in Sweden. Cross-sectional data from (1) a random sample of employees in Sweden aged 25–65 years (n = 2847) and (2) a convenience sample of non-managerial employees from 94 workplaces (n = 3066) were analyzed. Benchmarks for three PSC risk levels were developed using organizational compliance with Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) regulations as criterion. The results support the validity and usefulness of the Swedish PSC-4 as an instrument to indicate good, fair, and poor OSH practices. The recommended benchmark for indicating good OSH practices is an average score of >12.0, while the proposed cutoff for poor OSH practices is a score of ≤8.0 on the PSC-4. Scores between these benchmarks indicate fair OSH practices. Furthermore, aggregated data on PSC-4 supported its reliability as a workplace level construct and its association with quantitative demands, quality of leadership, commitment to the workplace, work engagement, job satisfaction, as well as stress and burnout. Thus, the Swedish version of PSC-4 can be regarded as a valid and reliable measure for both research and practical use for risk assessment at workplaces.
|
|
| 2. |
- Berthelsen, Hanne, et al.
(author)
-
Validation of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire Version III and Establishment of Benchmarks for Psychosocial Risk Management in Sweden
- 2020
-
In: International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. - : MDPI AG. - 1661-7827 .- 1660-4601. ; 17:9
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This study presents the Swedish standard version of the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire, COPSOQ III, and investigates its reliability and validity at individual and workplace levels with the aim of establishing benchmarks for the psychosocial work environment. Cross-sectional data from (1) a random sample of employees in Sweden aged 25-65 years (N = 2847) and (2) a convenience sample of non-managerial employees at 51 workplaces (N = 1818) were analysed. Internal consistency reliability was evaluated as well as the effects of sex, work sector and blue/white-collar work. Population benchmarks and mean scores for major occupational groups were computed based on weighted data. ICC(1) and ICC(2) estimates were computed to evaluate aggregation to the workplace level and Pearson inter-correlations to evaluate construct validity at individual and aggregated levels. The reliability and scale characteristics were satisfactory, with few exceptions, at both individual and workplace levels. The strength and direction of correlations supported the construct validity of the dimensions and the amount of variance explained by workplace justified aggregation to the workplace level. The present study thus supports the use of COPSOQ III for measurement at the workplace level and presents benchmarks for risk management as well as for research purposes.
|
|
| 3. |
- Böthun, Alicia, et al.
(author)
-
Clinical signs in the jaw and neck region following whiplash trauma : A 2-year follow-up
- 2023
-
In: European Journal of Pain. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1090-3801 .- 1532-2149. ; 27:6, s. 699-709
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: Pain in the orofacial region is often reported after whiplash trauma. However, prospective studies evaluating clinical signs related to orofacial pain and disability in whiplash populations are rare. The aim of the present study was to evaluate clinical signs related to pain and dysfunction in orofacial and neck regions after whiplash trauma, in a short- and long-term perspective.Methods: In total, 84 cases (48 women) diagnosed with neck distortion after a car accident and 116 controls (68 women) were examined within 1 month, and 49 cases (27 women) and 71 controls (41 women) were re-examined 2 years later. Outcome measures were pain on palpation of jaw and neck muscles and maximal jaw opening. Analysis was performed using mixed-models.Results: Cases and women were at higher risk for pain on palpation of jaw muscles (OR:7.7; p < 0.001 and OR:3.2; p = 0.010 respectively) and neck muscles (OR:12.7; p < 0.001 and OR:2.9; p = 0.020 respectively) but with no significant effect of time. Cases and women also had lower maximal jaw opening (−3.1; p = 0.001 and −3.3; p = 0.001 respectively). There was no significant time effect, but a significant interaction between cases and time (2.2; p = 0.004).Conclusion: Individuals with a whiplash trauma present a higher risk for pain on palpation in jaw and neck muscles both in a short- and long-term perspective, but show normal jaw movements. No time effect suggests that cases do not spontaneously improve nor get worse. Investigating pain on palpation in the jaw and neck muscles after whiplash trauma can identify individuals at risk for developing long-term orofacial pain and dysfunction.Significance: Orofacial pain is often reported after whiplash trauma but most previous studies concerning orofacial pain in whiplash populations have been questionnaire studies. Cases with a previous whiplash trauma and women, in general, had higher risk for pain on palpation in the jaw and neck region. Investigating pain on palpation after a whiplash trauma can help to identify individuals at risk of developing long-lasting pain in the orofacial region.
|
|
| 4. |
- Böthun, Alicia, et al.
(author)
-
Jaw–neck motor strategy during jaw‐opening with resistance load
- 2022
-
In: Journal of Oral Rehabilitation. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1365-2842 .- 0305-182X. ; 49:5, s. 514-521
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Background: The jaw and neck motor systems have a close functional integration but the effect of resistance load to the mandible during jaw opening on the jaw-neck integration is not known.Objectives: To evaluate the effect of resistance load compared to no load on integrated jaw and neck motor function in individuals free from pain and dysfunction in the jaw and neck regions.Methods: Jaw and head movements during continuous jaw opening were recorded with an optoelectronic system (MacReflex® ) in 26 pain-free individuals (14 women, 12 men, mean age 22 years). Jaw opening was performed with and without resistance load (1600 g) to the mandible. The relationship between jaw movement amplitude, head movement amplitude, head/jaw ratio (quotient of head and jaw movement amplitude) and resistance load were modelled using linear mixed-model analysis. A p-value <.05 was considered statistically significant.Results: The expected head/jaw ratio mean was increased by 0.05 (95% CI: 0.03, 0.08, p < .001) with resistance load as compared to no load. This corresponds to an increase in expected mean by 55.6%. With resistance load, expected mean head movement amplitude increased by 1.4 mm (95% CI: 0.2, 2.5, p = .018), and expected mean jaw movement amplitude decreased by 3.7 mm (95% CI: -7.0, -0.5, p = .025).Conclusion: There is a compensation and adaptation of integrated jaw-neck motor function with an altered jaw-neck motor strategy during jaw opening with resistance load compared to no load. The head/jaw ratio demonstrates increased proportional involvement of the neck during increased load on the jaw system.
|
|
| 5. |
- Böthun, Alicia, et al.
(author)
-
Whiplash trauma did not predict jaw pain after 2 years : an explorative study
- 2024
-
In: Clinical Oral Investigations. - : Springer Nature. - 1432-6981 .- 1436-3771. ; 28
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Objectives: To explore predictive factors for the development and maintenance of jaw pain over a 2-year period.Methods: One hundred nineteen cases (73 women) and 104 controls (59 women), mean age 34.9 years (SD 13.9), attended baseline and 2-year follow-up examinations. The whiplash cases visited the emergency department at Umeå University Hospital, Sweden, with neck pain within 72 h following a car accident, and baseline questionnaires were answered within a month after trauma. Controls were recruited via advertising. Inclusion criteria were age 18–70 years, living in Umeå municipality and Swedish speaking. The exclusion criterion was neck fracture for cases and a previous neck trauma for controls. Validated questionnaires recommended in the standardized Research Diagnostic Criteria for temporomandibular disorders were used. Jaw pain was assessed by two validated screening questions answered with “yes” or “no.” A logistic regression analysis was used to predict the outcome variable jaw pain (yes/no) after 2 years.Results: Whiplash trauma did not increase the odds of development of jaw pain over a 2-year period (OR 1.97, 95% CI 0.53–7.38). However, non-specific physical symptoms (OR 8.56, 95% CI 1.08–67.67) and female gender (OR 4.89, 95% CI 1.09–22.02) did increase the odds for jaw pain after 2 years.Conclusion: The development and maintenance of jaw pain after whiplash trauma are primarily not related to the trauma itself, but more associated with physical symptoms.Clinical relevance: The development of jaw pain in connection with a whiplash trauma needs to be seen in a biopsychosocial perspective, and early assessment is recommended.
|
|
| 6. |
-
Ensamkommande flyktingbarn : utifrån perspektivet socialt arbete
- 2013
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Ensamkommande flyktingbarn diskuteras alltmer i Sverige, men trots denna ökade debatt finns idag relativt lite svensk forskning inom detta område. Denna bok ger en introduktion till forskningsområdet ensamkommande flyktingbarn. Boken syftar också till att kunna bidra till en kunskapsökning hos de studenter som skriver sina uppsatser om ensamkommande flyktingbarn från ett sociologiskt perspektiv eller perspektivet socialt arbete.Boken kan användas i undervisning på universitet och högskolor men riktar sig även till yrkesverksamma som arbetar professionellt med frågan om ensamkommande flyktingbarn.Boken är en antologi skriven av forskare och studenter och har redigerats av Fereshteh Ahmadi och My Lilja som arbetar vid Avdelningen för socialt arbete och psykologi vid Högskolan i Gävle.
|
|
| 7. |
- Gallo, Carina, et al.
(author)
-
Gaining a Global Criminal Justice Perspective : A Computer-Supported Collaboration Between Students in Sweden and the United States
- 2018
-
In: Journal of Criminal Justice Education. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1051-1253 .- 1745-9117. ; 29, s. 531-550
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- This paper explores how Computer-Supported Collaborative Learning (CSCL) can globalize a criminal justice curriculum. It draws on a project where criminology students in Sweden and the United States collaborated in an online environment. We describe the design of the project and use student reflections to identify successes and challenges. The results show that for a CSCL to be successful, instructors need to be intentional about academic, psychological, and interpersonal aspects of the collaboration, as they are all interrelated. The students experienced challenges, for example, related to the workload. However, in most cases, the perceived benefits outweighed the challenges. The students reported an improved understanding of criminology theory and enhanced critical thinking skills. We argue that CSCL canimprove the affordability and accessibility of global learning. Without having to travel, the students entered a virtual space where they could learn together with students and faculty from another country.
|
|
| 8. |
- Gerell, Manne, et al.
(author)
-
Open drug markets, vulnerable neighbourhoods and gun violence in two Swedish cities
- 2021
-
In: Journal of Policing, Intelligence and Counter Terrorism. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1833-5330 .- 2159-5364. ; 16:3, s. 223-244
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Gun violence is a serious issue in many countries across the globe. It has been shown that there is an elevated risk for a further shooting nearby within a short time span of a shooting incident, so-called near-repeat patterning. The present study presents new evidence on near-repeat patterning in Sweden, with a focus on neighbourhoods which the police have labelled as ‘vulnerable’ – deprived neighbourhoods where criminal networks have a large impact on local communities. Such neighbourhoods tend to have open drug markets, and to have high levels of gun violence. The present paper analyses the association of open drug markets and vulnerable neighbourhoods with gun violence and near-repeat patterning of gun violence in two Swedish cities. Our findings suggest that gun violence is strongly concentrated on open drug markets in vulnerable neighbourhoods, and that those locations in addition exhibit high risks for repeat shootings after an initial shooting event. We propose that the police can use this knowledge to improve practices to prevent or disrupt gun violence.
|
|
| 9. |
-
Inequalities and migration : Challenges to the Swedish welfare state
- 2018
-
Editorial collection (other academic/artistic)abstract
- Sweden is often pictured as a country with a strong welfare system and low levels of inequality. But it is also described as a country that has undergone fundamental restructurings of its welfare system since the 1990s, and with inequality gaps that are among the fastest growing in Europe. This development is strikingly visible among people with a migration background. The question is how this might be understood. Inequalities and migration set focus on ongoing developments and debates about the Swedish welfare system in relation to migration. It introduces the international reader to ongoing developments of inequalities and migration in Sweden in broad historical and international perspectives. The book also offers in-depth insights to how the dynamics of growing inequality unfolds in regard to a range of phenomena and areas of intervention, including the role of civil society. The selected case studies focus on inequalities and hierarchies with regard to both various forms of cross-border mobility and the increased diversification of Swedish society. The book fills a gap when it comes to English language course literature about contemporary debates regarding social policy and social work in relation to migration in Sweden. At the same time it is well suited for a broader range of readers, including policy makers and practitioners outside of Sweden.
|
|
| 10. |
- Johansson, Nina, et al.
(author)
-
Ameliorating Child poverty through Connecting Economic Services with child health Services (ACCESS) : study protocol for a randomised controlled trial of the healthier wealthier families model in Sweden
- 2022
-
In: BMC Public Health. - : BioMed Central (BMC). - 1471-2458. ; 22:1
-
Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- BackgroundSweden is often held up as an example of a country with low child deprivation; yet, rates of relative deprivation are rising. Every municipality in Sweden is required to provide free, timely and accessible budget and debt counselling under the Social Services Act. The services have been encouraged to perform preventative practice with families; however, this has not been realised. The Healthier Wealthier Families (HWF) model embeds universal screening for economic hardship into child health services and creates a referral pathway to economic support services. Given the universal child health system in Sweden, which is freely available and has excellent coverage of the child population, implementation of the HWF model has potential to support families to access the freely available municipal budget and debt counselling and ultimately improve rates of child deprivation in Sweden.Methods/designWe will conduct a two-arm randomised waitlist-control superiority trial to examine the effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of the HWF model in the Sweden. A longitudinal follow-up with the cohort will explore whether any effects are maintained in the longer-term.DiscussionHWF is a collaborative and sustainable model that could maximise the effectiveness of current services to address child deprivation in Sweden. The study outlined in this protocol is the first effectiveness evaluation of the HWF model in Sweden and is a crucial step before HWF can be recommended for national implementation within the child health services.
|
|
