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1.
  • Larsson, Charlotta, et al. (författare)
  • Anal incontinence after caesarean and vaginal delivery in Sweden : a national population-based study
  • 2019
  • Ingår i: The Lancet. - : Elsevier. - 0140-6736 .- 1474-547X. ; 393:10177, s. 1233-1239
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Elective caesarean delivery is increasing rapidly in many countries, and one of the reasons might be that caesarean delivery is widely believed to protect against pelvic floor disorders, including anal incontinence. Previous studies on this issue have been small and with conflicting results. The aim of present study was to compare the risk of developing anal incontinence in women who had a caesarean delivery, in those who had a vaginal delivery, and in two age-matched control groups (nulliparous women and men).Methods: In this observational population-based study, we included all women in the Swedish Medical Birth Register who gave birth by caesarean delivery or vaginal delivery during 1973-2015 in Sweden and were diagnosed with anal incontinence according to ICD 8-10 in the Swedish National Patient Register during 2001-15. Exclusion criteria were multiple birth delivery, mixed vaginal and caesarean delivery, and four or more deliveries. We compared the diagnosis of anal incontinence between women previously delivered solely by caesarean delivery and those who solely had delivered vaginally. We also compared it with two age-matched control groups of nulliparous women and men from the Swedish Total Population Register. Finally, we analysed risk factors for anal incontinence in the caesarean delivery and vaginal delivery groups.Findings: 3 755 110 individuals were included in the study. Between 1973 and 2015, 185 219 women had a caesarean delivery only and 1 400 935 delivered vaginally only. 416 (0.22 %) of the 185 219 women in the caesarean delivery group were diagnosed with anal incontinence compared with 5171 (0.37%) of 1 400 935 women in the vaginal delivery group. The odds ratio (OR) for being diagnosed with anal incontinence after vaginal delivery compared with caesarean delivery was 1 center dot 65 (95% CI 1 center dot 49-1 center dot 82; p<0.0001). When the combination vaginal delivery and caesarean delivery was compared with the nulliparous control group, the OR of being diagnosed with anal incontinence was 2 center dot 05 (1 center dot 92-2 center dot 19; p<0.0001). For the nulliparous women compared with men, the OR for anal incontinence was 1 center dot 89 (1 center dot 75-2 center dot 05; p<0.0001). The strongest risk factors for anal incontinence after vaginal delivery were high maternal age, high birthweight of the child, and instrumental delivery. The only risk factor for anal incontinence after caesarean delivery was maternal age.Interpretation: The risk of developing anal incontinence increases after pregnancy and delivery. Women with known risk factors for anal incontinence should perhaps be offered a more qualified post-partum examination to enable early intervention in case of injury. Further knowledge for optimal management are needed. Copyright (c) 2019 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.
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2.
  • Ringvall, Maria, et al. (författare)
  • Defective heparan sulfate biosynthesis and neonatal lethality in mice lacking N-deacetylase/N-sulfotransferase-1
  • 2000
  • Ingår i: Journal of Biological Chemistry. - 0021-9258 .- 1083-351X. ; 275:34, s. 25926-25930
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Heparan sulfate is a sulfated polysaccharide present on most cell surfaces and in the extracellular matrix. In vivo functions of heparan sulfate can be studied in mouse strains lacking enzymes involved in the biosynthesis of heparan sulfate. Glucosaminyl N-deacetylase/N-suLfotransferase (NDST) catalyzes the first modifying step in the biosynthesis of the polysaccharide. This bifunctional enzyme occurs in several isoforms. We here report that targeted gene disruption of NDST-1 in the mouse results in a structural alteration of heparan sulfate in most basement membranes as revealed by immunohistochemical staining of fetal tissue sections using antibodies raised against heparan sulfate. Biochemical analysis of heparan sulfate purified from fibroblast cultures, lung, and liver of NDST-1-deficient embryos demonstrated a dramatic reduction in N-sulfate content. Most NDST-1-deficient embryos survive until birth; however, they turn out to be cyanotic and die neonatally in a condition resembling respiratory distress syndrome. In addition, a minor proportion of NDST-1 deficient embryos die during the embryonic period. The cause of the embryonic lethality is still obscure, but incompletely penetrant defects of the skull and the eyes have been observed.
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3.
  • Brännström, Mats, 1958, et al. (författare)
  • Meeting Report: Third International Congress of the International Society of Uterus Transplantation, Tubingen
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Transplantation. - : Ovid Technologies (Wolters Kluwer Health). - 0041-1337. ; 106:12, s. 2271-2274
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Uterus transplantation (UTx) is currently the only available treatment for absolute uterine factor infertility. The International Society of Uterus Transplantation (ISUTx) was formally founded in 2017 and joined the Transplantation Society as a formal section in 2021. The Third International Congress of the ISUTx was held in Tubingen, Germany, in October 2021, as a hybrid meeting, attended virtually by about 450 delegates and in person by 35 delegates. This report summarizes the Tubingen meeting and complementary topics of relevance presented at the Second ISUTx state-of-the-art webinar meeting, held in Prague, in October 2020. Main topics covered included surgical considerations, including dissection of veins in living donors and the pros and cons of minimally invasive surgery; managing immune risks; UTx during the COVID-19 pandemic; lessons learnt in the areas of imaging and cytomegalovirus infection; long-term psychological outcomes; opportunities to increase organ availability; and new horizons in UTx, including potential reuse of transplants and the utilization of robotic approaches. Implementation of an International UTx Registry was discussed and considered crucial to assure quality, safety, and further progress in UTx. Attempts made thus far have been promising.
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4.
  • Ekblom, Anneli, 1969-, et al. (författare)
  • Negotiating identity and heritage through authorised vernacular history, Limpopo National Park
  • 2017
  • Ingår i: Journal of social archaeology. - : Sage Publications. - 1469-6053 .- 1741-2951. ; 7:1, s. 49-68
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • In this paper, we assess vernacular history, traditional authority and the use of heritage places as mediums for negotiating ancestry, identity, territory and belonging based on conversations, interviews and visitations to heritage places together with residents in Limpopo National Park. We explore how particular vernacular histories become dominant village history through the authorisation of traditional leaders and their lineage histories and how traditional leaders use heritage places to mediate narratives. Authorised vernacular histories are narratives about mobility and identity, but they are also localised narratives about ‘home’ in terms of access to resources and heritage places. We discuss how lineage histories and traditional authority are mobilised or questioned in the context of the ongoing displacement of local residents through resettlement programmes and make comparisons with the historical experiences of evictions in the neighbouring Kruger and Gonarezhou National Parks. We emphasise the need for residents to remain connected to and in control of heritage places; otherwise, the linkages between these places, ancestral authority, and present-day authority risk being severed.
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5.
  • Gumaelius, Lena, et al. (författare)
  • Outreach initiatives operated by universities for increasing interest in science and technology
  • 2016
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Engineering Education. - : Taylor & Francis Group. - 0304-3797 .- 1469-5898. ; , s. 1-34
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Since the 1990s, the low number of students choosing to study science and technology in higher education has been on the societal agenda and many initiatives have been launched to promote awareness regarding career options. The initiatives particularly focus on increasing enrolment in the engineering programmes. This article describes and compares eight European initiatives that have been established and operated by universities (and in some cases through collaboration with other actors in society). Each initiative is summarised in a short essay that discusses motivation, organisation, pedagogical approach, and activities. The initiatives are characterised by comparing the driving forces behind their creation, how the initiative activities relate to the activities at the university, size based on the number of participants and cost per participant and pedagogical framework. There seem to be two main tracks for building outreach activities, one where outreach activities are based on the university's normal activities, and one where outreach activities are designed specifically for the visiting students.
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7.
  • Åmell, Katrin (författare)
  • THE SILENT CONVERSATION. SOME BENEDICTINE INITIATIVES TO INTERRELIGIOUS DIALOGUE
  • 1999
  • Ingår i: Tro & Tanke. ; :1, s. 65-77
  • Tidskriftsartikel (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The article throws light on the growth and development of the monastic interreligious dialogue from the sixties and to the present. Jean Leclerq and Thomas Merton belong to the well known pioneers within this dialogue. Some characteristics for the monast
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8.
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9.
  • Askling, J (författare)
  • Lessons from observational studies
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: ANNALS OF THE RHEUMATIC DISEASES. - 0003-4967. ; 66, s. 35-36
  • Konferensbidrag (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)
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10.
  • Ferretti, Gabriele, 1963, et al. (författare)
  • Chiral Extensions of the MSSM
  • 2013
  • Ingår i: Modern Physics Letters A. - 0217-7323. ; 28:8
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We present a class of extensions of the MSSM characterized by a fully chiral field content (no mu-terms) and no baryon or lepton number violating term in the superpotential due to an extra U'(1) gauge symmetry. The minimal model consist of the usual matter sector with family dependent U'(1) charges, six Higgs weak doublets, and three singlets required to give masses to the Higgsinos and cancel anomalies. We discuss its main features such as the tree level mass spectrum and the constraints on flavor changing processes.
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