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31.
  • Bergstrom, H, et al. (författare)
  • Two different types of hollow-cathode discharges used for high resolution laser spectroscopy on copper
  • 1989
  • Ingår i: Zeitschrift für Physik D Atoms, Molecules and Clusters. - 0178-7683. ; 13:3, s. 203-206
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Two different techniques, Doppler-free saturation spectroscopy on a hollow-cathode discharge and fluorescence spectroscopy on a collimated atomic beam produced from a hollow-cathode discharge, have been used for high-resolution laser-spectroscopy measurements on the 3d10 4p and 5p states in neutral Copper. The relative merits of the two techniques are discussed.
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32.
  • Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Body weight at age 20 and in midlife is more important than weight gain for coronary atherosclerosis: Results from SCAPIS.
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Atherosclerosis. - : Elsevier BV. - 1879-1484 .- 0021-9150. ; 373, s. 46-54
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Elevated body weight in adolescence is associated with early cardiovascular disease, but whether this association is traceable to weight in early adulthood, weight in midlife or to weight gain is not known. The aim of this study is to assess the risk of midlife coronary atherosclerosis being associated with body weight at age 20, body weight in midlife and body weight change.We used data from 25,181 participants with no previous myocardial infarction or cardiac procedure in the Swedish CArdioPulmonary bioImage Study (SCAPIS, mean age 57 years, 51% women). Data on coronary atherosclerosis, self-reported body weight at age 20 and measured midlife weight were recorded together with potential confounders and mediators. Coronary atherosclerosis was assessed using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) and expressed as segment involvement score (SIS).The probability of having coronary atherosclerosis was markedly higher with increasing weight at age 20 and with mid-life weight (p < 0.001 for both sexes). However, weight increase from age 20 until mid-life was only modestly associated with coronary atherosclerosis. The association between weight gain and coronary atherosclerosis was mainly seen in men. However, no significant sex difference could be detected when adjusting for the 10-year delay in disease development in women.Similar in men and women, weight at age 20 and weight in midlife are strongly related to coronary atherosclerosis while weight increase from age 20 until midlife is only modestly related to coronary atherosclerosis.
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33.
  • Bergström, Göran, 1964, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - Philadelphia : American Heart Association. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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34.
  • Bergström, Göran, et al. (författare)
  • Prevalence of Subclinical Coronary Artery Atherosclerosis in the General Population
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Circulation. - : Wolters Kluwer. - 0009-7322 .- 1524-4539. ; 144:12, s. 916-929
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: Early detection of coronary atherosclerosis using coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA), in addition to coronary artery calcification (CAC) scoring, may help inform prevention strategies. We used CCTA to determine the prevalence, severity, and characteristics of coronary atherosclerosis and its association with CAC scores in a general population.Methods: We recruited 30 154 randomly invited individuals age 50 to 64 years to SCAPIS (the Swedish Cardiopulmonary Bioimage Study). The study includes individuals without known coronary heart disease (ie, no previous myocardial infarctions or cardiac procedures) and with high-quality results from CCTA and CAC imaging performed using dedicated dual-source CT scanners. Noncontrast images were scored for CAC. CCTA images were visually read and scored for coronary atherosclerosis per segment (defined as no atherosclerosis, 1% to 49% stenosis, or ≥50% stenosis). External validity of prevalence estimates was evaluated using inverse probability for participation weighting and Swedish register data.Results: In total, 25 182 individuals without known coronary heart disease were included (50.6% women). Any CCTA-detected atherosclerosis was found in 42.1%; any significant stenosis (≥50%) in 5.2%; left main, proximal left anterior descending artery, or 3-vessel disease in 1.9%; and any noncalcified plaques in 8.3% of this population. Onset of atherosclerosis was delayed on average by 10 years in women. Atherosclerosis was more prevalent in older individuals and predominantly found in the proximal left anterior descending artery. Prevalence of CCTA-detected atherosclerosis increased with increasing CAC scores. Among those with a CAC score >400, all had atherosclerosis and 45.7% had significant stenosis. In those with 0 CAC, 5.5% had atherosclerosis and 0.4% had significant stenosis. In participants with 0 CAC and intermediate 10-year risk of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease according to the pooled cohort equation, 9.2% had CCTA-verified atherosclerosis. Prevalence estimates had excellent external validity and changed marginally when adjusted to the age-matched Swedish background population.Conclusions: Using CCTA in a large, random sample of the general population without established disease, we showed that silent coronary atherosclerosis is common in this population. High CAC scores convey a significant probability of substantial stenosis, and 0 CAC does not exclude atherosclerosis, particularly in those at higher baseline risk.
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35.
  • Björklund Svensson, Jonas, et al. (författare)
  • Low-divergence femtosecond X-ray pulses from a passive plasma lens
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Nature Physics. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1745-2481 .- 1745-2473. ; 17:5, s. 639-645
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Electron and X-ray beams originating from compact laser-wakefield accelerators have very small source sizes that are typically on the micrometre scale. Therefore, the beam divergences are relatively high, which makes it difficult to preserve their high quality during transport to applications. To improve on this, tremendous efforts have been invested in controlling the divergence of the electron beams, but no mechanism for generating collimated X-ray beams has yet been demonstrated experimentally. Here we propose and realize a scheme where electron bunches undergoing focusing in a dense, passive plasma lens can emit X-ray pulses with divergences approaching the incoherent limit. Compared with conventional betatron emission, the divergence of this so-called plasma lens radiation is reduced by more than an order of magnitude in solid angle, while maintaining a similar number of emitted photons per electron. This X-ray source offers the possibility of producing brilliant and collimated few-femtosecond X-ray pulses for ultra-fast science, in particular for studies based on X-ray diffraction and absorption spectroscopy. X-ray pulses with low divergences are produced in a laser-wakefield accelerator by focusing electron bunches in a dense passive plasma lens.
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36.
  • Björkman, Ann-Sofi, 1983-, et al. (författare)
  • Diagnostic accuracy of dual-energy CT for detection of bone marrow lesions in the subacutely injured knee with MRI as reference method
  • 2020
  • Ingår i: Acta radiologica (Stockholm, Sweden : 1987). - : SAGE Publications. - 1600-0455 .- 0284-1851. ; 61:6, s. 749-759
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Dual-energy computer tomography (DECT) can detect post-traumatic bone marrow lesions. Prospective studies of the knee with large numbers of participants and intra-observer agreement assessment are limited. Purpose To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of DECT in detecting bone marrow lesions as well as estimating the bone marrow lesion volume in patients with suspected anterior cruciate ligament trauma with magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) as reference standard. Material and Methods Forty-eight consecutive patients with suspected anterior cruciate ligament injury were imaged bilaterally with DECT within a mean of 25 days (range 4–55 days) following injury and MRI within seven days of DECT. Two readers analyzed DECT virtual non-calcium-blinded images. Consensus MRI was reference standard. Intra- and inter-observer agreement were determined using weighted kappa statistics. Sensitivity, specificity, and negative and positive predictive values were calculated. Bone marrow lesion volumes were measured; for comparison, intra-class correlation coefficient was used. Results The 48 patients (26 men, 22 women; mean age 23 years, age range 15–37 years) were imaged bilaterally yielding 52 knees with bone marrow lesions, of which 44 were in the femur and 41 were in the tibia. Intra- and inter-observer agreement to detect bone marrow lesions was moderate and fair to moderate (κ 0.54–0.66, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.39–0.80 and 0.37–0.41, 95% CI 0.20–0.57) and overall sensitivity and specificity were 70.1% and 69.1%, respectively. Positive and negative predictive values were 72.9% and 66.1%, respectively. Bone marrow lesion volumes showed excellent intra- and inter-observer agreement (0.83–0.91, 95% CI 0.74–0.94 and 0.76–0.78, 95% CI 0.57–0.87). Conclusion The diagnostic performance of DECT to detect bone marrow lesions in the subacutely injured knee was moderate with intra- and inter-observer agreement ranging from moderate to substantial and fair to moderate. Bone marrow lesion volume correlation was excellent.
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37.
  • Björkman, Ann-Sofi, et al. (författare)
  • Sensitivity of DECT in ACL tears. A prospective study with arthroscopy as reference method
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Acta Radiologica Open. - : Sage Publications. - 2058-4601. ; 11:3
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Background: CT is often used for fracture evaluation following knee trauma and to diagnose ACL injuries would also be valuable. Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic accuracy of dual energy CT (DECT) for detection of ACL tears in acute and subacute knee injuries. Material and Methods: Patients with suspected ACL injury were imaged with DECT and MRI. Clinically blinded DECT images were independently read twice by two radiologists. ACL was classified as normal or abnormal. Arthroscopy served as reference method. Sensitivity and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated, and diagnostic performance between DECT and MRI was assessed. Results: 48 patients (26 M, 22 F, mean age 23 years, range 15-37 years) were imaged with a mean of 25 days following trauma. Of these, 21 patients underwent arthroscopy with a mean of 195 days after trauma. Arthroscopy revealed 19 ACL tears and 2 ACLs with no tear. The combined sensitivity was 76.3% (95% CI 66.8-85.9) and 86.8 (95% CI 71.9-95.6) for DECT and MRI, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference between these two methods (p = .223). The positive predictive value (PPV) was 93.5 (95% CI 84.3-98.2) and 91.7 (95% CI 77.5-98.3) for DECT and MRI, respectively. Conclusion: DECT has lower sensitivity to detect an ACL rupture than MRI, but the difference is not statistically significant. The PPV is high in both methods.
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38.
  • Björkman, Ann-Sofi, et al. (författare)
  • Spectral photon-counting CT: Image quality evaluation using a metal-containing bovine bone specimen
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: European Journal of Radiology. - : ELSEVIER IRELAND LTD. - 0720-048X .- 1872-7727. ; 168
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Purpose: To find the optimal imaging parameters for a photon-counting detector CT (PCD-CT) and to compare it to an energy-integrating detector CT (EID-CT) in terms of image quality and metal artefact severity using a metal-containing bovine knee specimen. Methods: A bovine knee with a stainless-steel plate and screws was imaged in a whole-body research PCD-CT at 120 kV and 140 kV and in an EID dual-source CT (DSCT) at Sn150 kV and 80/Sn150 kV. PCD-CT virtual monoenergetic 72 and 150 keV images and EID-CT images processed with and without metal artefact reduction algorithms (iMAR) were compared. Four radiologists rated the visualisation of bony structures and metal artefact severity. The Friedman test and Wilcoxon signed-rank test with Bonferronis correction were used. P-values of <= 0.0001 were considered statistically significant. Distributions of HU values of regions of interest (ROIs) in artefact-affected areas were analysed.Results: PCD-CT 140 kV 150 keV images received the highest scores and were significantly better than EID-CT Sn150 kV images. PCD-CT 72 keV images were rated significantly lower than all the others. HU-value variation was larger in the 120 kV and the 72 keV images. The ROI analysis revealed no large difference between scanners regarding artefact severity.Conclusion: PCD-CT 140 kV 150 keV images of a metal-containing bovine knee specimen provided the best image quality. They were superior to, or as good as, the best EID-CT images; even without the presumed advantage of tin filter and metal artefact reduction algorithms. PCD-CT is a promising method for reducing metal artefacts.
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39.
  • Blagoev, KB, et al. (författare)
  • Radiative lifetimes of Zn I, II excited states
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Physica Scripta. - 0031-8949. ; 69:6, s. 433-440
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Radiative lifetimes of excited states of Zn I (3d(10)4sns S-3(1), n = 6-8; 3d(10) 4snd D-3, n = 4-7) and Zn II (3d(10) 4p P-2(1/2.3/2), 4d D-2(3/2,5/2), 3d(10)5S S-2(1/2)) have been measured using a time-resolved laser-induced fluorescence technique. Single- or two-step excitation of atoms and ions produced by laser ablation was employed. The experimental radiative lifetimes have been compared with theoretical results obtained within a multiconfigurational relativistic Hartree-Fock approach taking core-polarization effects into account.
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40.
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