| 1. |
- Barbe, Laure, et al.
(författare)
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Histo-blood group antigen-binding specificities of human rotaviruses are associated with gastroenteritis but not with in vitro infection
- 2018
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Ingår i: Scientific Reports. - : NATURE PUBLISHING GROUP. - 2045-2322. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Human strains of rotavirus A (RVAs) recognize fucosylated glycans belonging to histo-blood group antigens (HBGAs) through their spike protein VP8*. Lack of these ligands due to genetic polymorphisms is associated with resistance to gastroenteritis caused by P[8] genotype RVAs. With the aim to delineate the contribution of HBGAs in the process, we analyzed the glycan specificity of VP8* proteins from various P genotypes. Binding to saliva of VP8* from P[8] and P[4] genotypes required expression of both FUT2 and FUT3 enzymes, whilst binding of VP8* from the P[14] genotype required FUT2 and A enzymes. We further defined a glycan motif, GlcNAc beta 3Gal beta 4GlcNAc, recognized by P[6] clinical strains. Conversion into Lewis antigens by the FUT3 enzyme impaired recognition, explaining their lower binding to saliva of Lewis positive phenotype. In addition, the presence of neutralizing antibodies was associated with the presence of the FUT2 wild type allele in sera from young healthy adults. Nonetheless, in vitro infection of transformed cell lines was independent of HBGAs expression, indicating that HBGAs are not human RV receptors. The match between results from saliva-based binding assays and the epidemiological data indicates that the polymorphism of human HBGAs controls susceptibility to RVAs, although the exact mechanism remains unclear.
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| 2. |
- Hawas, Allan, et al.
(författare)
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Innovative design of an educational physical simulation tool for investigating energy consumption in buildings for enhancing public engagement
- 2017
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Ingår i: Energy Procedia. - : Elsevier BV. - 1876-6102. ; 105, s. 2615-2622
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Reducing carbon emission and energy consumption in buildings is becoming an important priority on global level. Buildings consume significant amount of energy for heating or air-conditioning in most countries. The drive to enhance the understanding of building insulation and its effect on energy use, is critical for improving public engagement to achieve reduce carbon emission towards more sustainable future. This paper presents the design and the development an educational and research simulation tool to study and understand the thermal performance and energy efficiency of buildings. The novel design includes small-scale multi-layered model of buildings where insulation layers can be added to or removed from the building model in a modular and interchangeable manner to allow changes to the thermal performance. The results show that this novel model will provide a new educational tool to enhance the understanding of energy consumption and insulation in buildings. The design can be used to engage the young generation regarding building insulation and energy efficiency. It also could provide an advanced research and teaching tool for energy in buildings, instrumentation and infrared thermography.
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| 3. |
- Voorneveld, Mark, et al.
(författare)
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Ideal equilibria in noncooperative multicriteria games
- 2000
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Ingår i: Mathematical Methods of Operations Research. - Springer : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1432-2994 .- 1432-5217. ; 52:1, s. 65-77
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Pareto equilibria in multicriteria games can be computed as the Nash equilibria of scalarized games, obtained by assigning weights to the separate criteria of a player, To analysts, these weights are usually unknown. This paper therefore proposes ideal equilibria, strategy profiles that are robust against unilateral deviations of the players no matter what importance is assigned to the criteria. Existence of ideal equilibria is not guaranteed, but several desirable properties are provided. As opposed to the computation of other solution concepts in noncooperative multicriteria games, thecomputation of the set of ideal equilibria is relatively simple: an exact upper bound for the number of scalarizations is the maximum number of criteria of the players. The ideal equilibrium concept is axiomatized. Moreover, the final section provides a non-trivial class of multicriteria games in which ideal equilibria exist, by establishing a link to the literature on potential games
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| 4. |
- Lillvist, Anne, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
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Valued and performed or not? Teachers' ratings of transition activities for young children with learning disability
- 2017
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Ingår i: European Journal of Special Needs Education. - : Routledge. - 0885-6257 .- 1469-591X. ; 32:3, s. 422-436
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Stakeholder collaboration has been identified as a facilitator for positive transition outcomes for all children, and especially for children in need of special support. However, the type and extent of stakeholder collaboration have shown to be related to teachers' view of their transition practises. Thus, this study set out to examine the transition activities reported by 253 teachers in Compulsory School for Students with Learning Disabilities in Sweden. The purpose was to study the type of transition activities performed and how important teachers regarded these activities to be. The results show that overall teachers are engaged in transition activities that can be described as mainly traditional, as they do not differ from transition activities carried out in other educational settings. The results also show that untraditional transition activities, such as home visits and joint parent meetings with preschools, are viewed as important, but rarely executed. The results are discussed from an ecological systems perspective, emphasising the interconnectedness of individuals and their environment. Focus is given to individualised transition processes and developmentally appropriate transition activities for young children with learning disability.
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| 5. |
- Lowe, Robert, et al.
(författare)
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Vicarious value learning by differential outcomes training: A social transfer of control methodology
- 2021
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Ingår i: MethodsX. - : Elsevier BV. - 2215-0161. ; 8
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- This article adapts an existing experimental protocol for assessing individuals’ ability to transfer knowledge across instrumental and pavlovian learning stages. The protocol (Transfer of Control using differential outcomes learning) is adapted to fit social contexts wherein the pavlovian learning phase is modulated so that individuals are able to observe, and potentially learn from, the stimulus associated with reinforcing outcomes presented to another (observable) individual. Transfer of Control concerns participants combining knowledge of learned instrumental and pavlovian (stimulus, response, outcome) associations in order to ground the learning of new associations. The article describes the theoretical and procedural underpinnings of a novel Social Transfer of Control methodology. The use of such a methodology is two-fold: i) to serve as a guide to researchers interested in evaluating how individuals can learn from others in a partially observable setting, i.e. when behavioural and reinforcing outcome information is hidden, and bring to bear this knowledge on their own instrumental decision making; ii), to facilitate investigation of the routes of cognitive and emotional empathy, with potential applications for educational and clinical settings. • Three stage Transfer of Control behavioural methodology is adapted to include a social (pavlovian) learning stage. • Hypotheses can be tested that concern learning rewarding instrumental responses achieved by observation of others’ emotionally expressive reactions to differentially rewarding outcomes. • Methodological and validation considerations for evaluating the above are presented
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| 6. |
- Grishchenko, Dmitry, et al.
(författare)
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Development of Texas-V code surrogate model for assessment of steam explosion impact in Nordic BWR
- 2015
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Ingår i: International Topical Meeting on Nuclear Reactor Thermal Hydraulics 2015. - : American Nuclear Society. - 9781510811843 ; , s. 7222-7235
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Severe accident mitigation strategies in Nordic boiling water reactors (BWRs) employ core melt cooling in a deep pool of water under the reactor pressure vessel. Corium melt released from the vessel is expected to fragment, solidify and form a porous debris bed coolable by natural circulation. However, steam explosion can occur upon melt release threatening containment integrity and potentially leading to large early release of radioactive products to the environment. Significant aleatory and epistemic uncertainties exist in accident scenarios, melt release conditions, and modeling of steam explosion phenomena. Assessment of the risk of ex-vessel steam explosion requires application of the Integrated Deterministic Probabilistic Safety Analysis (IDPSA). IDPSA is a computationally demanding task which makes unfeasible direct application of Fuel-Coolant Interaction codes. The goal of the current work is to develop a Surrogate Model (SM) of the Texas-V code and demonstrate its application to the analysis of explosion impact in the Nordic BWR. The SM should be computationally affordable for IDPSA analysis. We focus on prediction of the steam explosion loads in a reference Nordic BWR design assuming a scenario of coherent corium jet release into a deep water pool. We start with the review of the Texas-V sub-models in order to identify a list of parameters to be considered in implementation of the SM. We demonstrate that Texas-V exhibits chaotic response in terms of the explosion impulse as a function of the triggering time and introduce a statistical representation of the explosion impulse for given melt release conditions and arbitrary triggering time. We demonstrate that characteristics of the distribution are well-posed. We then separate out the essential portion of modelling uncertainty by identification of the most influential uncertain parameters using sensitivity analysis. Both aleatory uncertainty in characteristics of melt release scenarios and water pool conditions, and epistemic uncertainty in FCI modeling are considered. Ranges of the uncertain parameters are selected based on the available information about prototypic severe accident conditions in a Nordic BWR. A database of Texas-V solutions is generated and used for the development of the SM. Performance, predictive capability and application of the SM to risk analysis are discussed in detail.
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| 7. |
- Fornäs, Johan, 1952-, et al.
(författare)
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Ungdomens kraft. Aspekter på ungdomens kultur
- 1991
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Ingår i: Perspektiv på barn och ungdom. - Stockholm : Utbildningsradion. - 9126908646 ; , s. 68-87
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Bokkapitel (populärvet., debatt m.m.)
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| 8. |
- Wang, Faming, et al.
(författare)
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Coastal blue carbon in China as a nature-based solution toward carbon neutrality
- 2023
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Ingår i: INNOVATION. - 2666-6758. ; 4:5
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- To achieve the Paris Agreement, China pledged to become "Carbon Neutral" by the 2060s. In addition to massive decarbonization, this would require significant changes in ecosystems toward negative CO2 emissions. The ability of coastal blue carbon ecosystems (BCEs), including mangrove, salt marsh, and seagrass meadows, to sequester large amounts of CO2 makes their conservation and restoration an important "nature-based solution (NbS)" for climate adaptation and mitigation. In this review, we examine how BCEs in China can contribute to climate mitigation. On the national scale, the BCEs in China store up to 118 Tg C across a total area of 1,440,377 ha, including over 75% as unvegetated tidal flats. The annual sedimental C burial of these BCEs reaches up to 2.06 Tg C year(-1) , of which most occurs in salt marshes and tidal flats. The lateral C flux of mangroves and salt marshes contributes to 1.17 Tg C year(-1) along the Chinese coastline. Conservation and restoration of BCEs benefit climate change mitigation and provide other ecological services with a value of $32,000 ha(-1) year(-1). The potential practices and technologies that can be implemented in China to improve BCE C sequestration, including their constraints and feasibility, are also outlined. Future directions are suggested to improve blue carbon estimates on aerial extent, carbon stocks, sequestration, and mitigation potential. Restoring and preserving BCEs would be a cost-effective step to achieve Carbon Neutral by 2060 in China despite various barriers that should be removed.
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| 9. |
- Kasper, M, et al.
(författare)
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Hedgehog signalling in breast cancer
- 2009
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Ingår i: Carcinogenesis. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2180 .- 0143-3334. ; 30:6, s. 903-911
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)
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| 10. |
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