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Sökning: LAR1:lu > (2005-2009) > Tidskriftsartikel > Engelska > Giwercman Aleksander

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61.
  • Tiido, Tarmo, et al. (författare)
  • Exposure to persistent organochlorine pollutants associates with human sperm Y:X chromosome ratio.
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 20:7, s. 1903-1909
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: During the last decades, there has been concern that exposure to endocrine disruptors, such as persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs), may contribute to sex ratio changes in offspring of exposed populations. METHODS: To investigate whether exposure to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) affect Y:X chromosome proportion, semen of 149 Swedish fishermen, aged 27–67 years, was investigated. The men provided semen and blood for analysis of hormone, CB-153 and p,p'-DDE levels. The proportion of Y- and X-chromosome bearing sperm in semen samples was determined by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) analysis. RESULTS: Log transformed CB-153 as well as log transformed p,p'-DDE variables were both significantly positively associated with Y chromosome fractions (P-values=0.05 and <0.001, respectively). Neither age, smoking nor hormone levels showed any association with Y-chromosome fractions. CONCLUSIONS: This is the first study to indicate that exposure to POPs may increase the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing spermatozoa. These data add to the growing body of evidence that exposure to POPs may alter the offspring sex ratio.
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62.
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63.
  • Tiido, Tarmo, et al. (författare)
  • Modifying effect of the AR gene trinucleotide repeats and SNPs in the AHR and AHRR genes on the association between persistent organohalogen pollutant exposure and human sperm Y : X ratio
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Molecular Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 1460-2407. ; 13:4, s. 223-229
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Persistent organohalogen pollutants (POPs) have been suggested to be involved in changing the proportion of ejaculated Y-bearing sperm. The androgen receptor (AR), aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) and aryl hydrocarbon receptor repressor (AHRR) may modulate the effect of POPs with regard to previously observed sperm Y : X ratio changes. The objective of this study was to investigate whether sperm Y : X ratio changes in subjects exposed to 2,2'4,4'5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and dichlorodiphenyl dichloroethene (p,p'-DDE) were modified by polymorphisms in the AR, AHR and AHRR genes. Semen for analysis of Y- and X-bearing sperm by two-colour fluorescence in situ hybridization and blood for leukocyte DNA genotyping and analysis of CB-153 and p,p'-DDE concentrations were obtained from 195 Swedish fishermen. The polymorphic CAG and GGN repeats in the AR and the R554K and P185A single-nucleotide polymorphisms in the AHR and AHRR genes, respectively, were determined by direct sequencing and allele-specific PCR. The effect of p,p'-DDE was modified by CAG or GGN repeat category in relation to the proportion of Y-bearing sperm (P = 0.005 and 0.02 for CAG and GGN, respectively). Moreover, p,p'-DDE, but not CB-153, levels were associated with Y-sperm proportion in men with CAG < 22 (P < 0.001), but not in those carrying CAG >= 22 (P = 0.73). This association was even more pronounced in subjects carrying a short CAG repeat in combination with an AHRR G-allele. The association in regard to p,p'-DDE was found for GGN = 23 but not for the GGN < 23 or GGN > 23 subgroups (P = 0.01, 0.44 and 0.99, respectively). In conclusion The endocrine-disrupting action of POPs, in relation to the observed changes in sperm Y : X ratio, may be modulated by the genes involved in sex steroid and dioxin-mediated pathways.
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64.
  • Toft, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Fertility in four regions spanning large contrasts in serum levels of widespread persistent organochlorines: a cross-sectional study
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: Environmental Health. - 1476-069X. ; 4:26
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Persistent organochlorine pollutants (POPs) may interfere with reproductive function but direct evidence in humans is very limited. METHODS: Fertility was examined in four regions with contrasting blood levels of POPs. Pregnant women and their partners in Warsaw (Poland), Kharkiv (Ukraine) and Greenland were consecutively enrolled during antenatal visits. Swedish fishermen and their spouses were recruited separately and independently of current pregnancy. Lipid adjusted serum concentrations of 2,2',4,4',5,5'-hexachlorobiphenyl (CB-153) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE) were available for both partners. Time to pregnancy interviews were obtained among 2269 women and 798 men provided a semen sample. RESULTS: Inuits had high levels of both POP markers, Swedish fishermen were high in CB-153 but low in DDE, men from Kharkiv were high in DDE and low in CB-153 while men from Warsaw were low in CB-153 and had intermediate DDE levels. Compared to Warsaw couples, fecundability was reduced among couples from Kharkiv [adjusted fecundability ratio (FR) 0.64 (95% CI 0.5-0.8)] and elevated in Swedish fishermen families [FR 1.26 (95% CI 1.0-1.6)]. Adjusted geometric means of sperm counts and morphology did not differ between regions while sperm motility was higher in men living in Warsaw. CONCLUSION: We observed regional differences in time to pregnancy and sperm motility that may be related to regional differences in POP blood levels, but other interpretations are also plausible. In particular, differences in access to safe contraception and in the prevalence of contraceptive failures are most likely to bias comparisons of time to pregnancy.
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65.
  • Toft, G, et al. (författare)
  • Menstrual cycle characteristics in European and Inuit women exposed to persistent organochlorine pollutants
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 23:1, s. 193-200
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND Previous inconsistent results suggest that menstrual cycles may be disturbed by exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) and 1,1-dichloro-2,2-bis (p-chlorophenyl)-ethylene (DDE). METHODS Information on menstrual cycle characteristics were obtained by questionnaires, and PCB and DDE were measured in serum samples from a total of 1494 women from Greenland, Swedish fishermen's wives, and inhabitants of Warsaw in Poland and Kharkiv in Ukraine. RESULTS No consistent effects of PCB and DDE exposure on menstrual cycle characteristics were observed across populations. Within populations, we observed increased risks of short cycles (/=32 days) among Polish women exposed to high levels of DDE (OR 3.1, CI 1.1-8.6). However, in Greenland it seemed that high levels of PCB or DDE were protective against long menstrual cycles (OR 0.7 CI 0.5-0.96 and OR 0.7 CI 0.5-0.99, respectively). CONCLUSIONS It is unlikely that exposure to PCB and DDE is a main cause of menstrual disturbances. Genetic differences or dietary factors may be involved in the non-homogenous associations of organochlorine exposure and menstrual cycle between countries.
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66.
  • Toft, G, et al. (författare)
  • Quality control workshops in standardization of sperm concentration and motility assessment in multicentre studies
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 28:3, s. 144-149
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Semen quality has been reported to vary markedly between different regions. To properly assess the differences among countries a minimization of the variation among centres in the assessments of sperm quality is essential. We here report on the training and two subsequent follow-up workshops on assessments of sperm concentration and motility. A total of 26 fresh ejaculates were analysed by four persons who were collecting these data in a multicentre study on sperm quality. In addition, two trained technicians from one of the laboratories analysed the samples. At the first training workshop, the median coefficient of variation among centres in sperm concentration was 27.7%, but decreased markedly to 17.0% at the second workshop and 8.1% (P = 0.048) at the third workshop. The CV for evaluation of the proportion of progressive motile sperm decreased less and not statistically significant from 16.5 to 14.1% and 11.0% (P = 0.94). At the third workshop there were no statistical significant differences among centres in assessments of sperm concentration or motility (p > 0.57). Furthermore the coefficient of variation in assessments of sperm concentration and motility among centres were at the same level as between two trained technicians (p > 0.72). This study indicates that training and subsequent follow-up workshops can assure minimum variability among centres in assessments of sperm concentration and motility.
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67.
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68.
  • Toft, Gunnar, et al. (författare)
  • Semen quality in relation to xenohormone and dioxin-like serum activity among inuits and three european populations
  • 2007
  • Ingår i: Environmental Health Perspectives. - : Environmental Health Perspectives. - 0091-6765 .- 1552-9924. ; 115:SUPPL1, s. 15-20
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • BACKGROUND: Semen quality in humans may be influenced by exposure to endocrine-disrupting compounds. OBJECTIVES: We analyzed associations between semen characteristics and serum xenoestrogen receptor (XER), xenoandrogen receptor (XAR), and aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) transactivity. XER and XAR activity were measured in serum samples cleared for endogenous steroid hormones and AhR activity in raw lipophilic serum extracts free of proteins. RESULTS: All together, 319 men from Warsaw (Poland), Greenland, Kharkiv (Ukraine), and Sweden provided semen and blood samples. No strong and consistent associations between xenobiotic activity and semen quality measures were observed in the four populations. However, when the data were combined across populations sperm concentration increased 40% per unit increase in XER activity [95% confidence interval (CI), 1-79%] in the subgroup with XER activity below the reference level. Among subjects with XER activity above the reference level an increase of 14% (95% CI, 2-28%) was found. Furthermore, an increase of 10% motile sperm per unit increase in XER activity below reference level (95% CI, 0.2-20) was found. We are unable to exclude that the associations are chance findings. CONCLUSION: Alteration of XER, XAR, or AhR transactivity within the range found in serum from the general European and Inuit population seems not to markedly deteriorate sperm cell concentration, motility, or morphology in adult men.
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69.
  • Tsarev, I., et al. (författare)
  • Evaluation of male fertility potential by Toluidine Blue test for sperm chromatin structure assessment
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: Human Reproduction. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0268-1161 .- 1460-2350. ; 24:7, s. 1569-1574
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • We have previously suggested that the Toluidine Blue (TB) test can be used for sperm chromatin structure assessment. In this study, we wished to evaluate the clinical applicability of the TB test in assessing male fertility potential using well-defined groups of fertile and infertile men. Sixty-three fertile and 79 infertile men were tested. Infertility thresholds for the proportion of sperm with abnormal [TB dark cells (TBDCs)] and normal [TB light cells (TBLCs)] chromatin structure were set by the ROC curve analysis. Thresholds of 45% TBDC and 20% TBLC were highly predictive for infertility (specificity of the test: 92 and 90%, respectively), but they were poor predictors of the fertility (sensitivity of the test: 42 and 32%, respectively). Odds ratio for infertility was 7.5 [95% confidence interval (CI): 2.7-20.8] when the 45% TBDC threshold was used and 4.4 (95% CI: 1.7-11.6) when the 20% TBLC threshold was used. The TB test can be suggested for clinical use as a complementary test for standard semen analysis to diagnose male infertility.
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70.
  • Tsarev, I, et al. (författare)
  • Sperm concentration in Latvian military conscripts as compared with other countries in the Nordic-Baltic area
  • 2005
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Andrology. - : Wiley. - 0105-6263 .- 1365-2605. ; 28:4, s. 208-214
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Recent studies of semen quality in men from the general population gave rise to the hypothesis of an East-West gradient in semen quality in the Nordic-Baltic area, with the highest sperm counts in Estonia, Lithuania and Finland, and the lowest in Denmark (30% difference in mean concentration). Genetic, lifestyle-related and environmental factors - alone or in combination - were suggested to be responsible for these differences. The aim of this study was to assess sperm concentration in men from the general population in Latvia and to investigate the impact of ethnic and lifestyle-related factors on this marker of male reproductive health. A total of 133 military conscripts from Latvia were investigated. We found that sperm counts among Latvian adolescents were at the same level (mean 74, median 63 x 10(6)/mL) as those previously reported from Estonia, Lithuania and Finland. Sperm concentration was somewhat higher than in Sweden without reaching the level of statistical significance (mean difference 3 x 10(6)/mL; 95% CI: -10, 16 x 10(6)/mL), and statistically significantly higher that in Denmark (mean difference: 17 x 10(6)/mL; 95% CI: 5, 2 x 10(6)/mL). The study also revealed an impact of ethnic factors on sperm numbers. Sperm concentration was significantly higher in men with both parents born in Latvia (77 +/- 60 x 10(6)/mL), compared with men with both parents born outside Latvia (55 +/- 45 x 10(6)/mL, p = 0.03).
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