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Träfflista för sökning "WFRF:(Andersson Carina) srt2:(2000-2004)"

Sökning: WFRF:(Andersson Carina) > (2000-2004)

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1.
  • Andersson, Anders, et al. (författare)
  • Impact of tobacco smoke on interleukin-16 protein in human airways, lymphoid tissue and T lymphocytes
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Clinical and experimental immunology. - : Oxford University Press (OUP). - 0009-9104 .- 1365-2249. ; 138:1, s. 75-82
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes are mobilized in severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and the CD8(+) cytokine interleukin (IL)-16 is believed to be important in regulating the recruitment and activity of CD4(+) lymphocytes. In the current study, we examined whether tobacco smoke exerts an impact not only on IL-16 in the lower airways but also in CD4(+) or CD8(+) lymphocytes or in lymphoid tissue. The concentration of IL-16 protein was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) in concentrated bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) collected from 33 smokers with chronic bronchitis (CB), eight asymptomatic smokers (AS) and seven healthy never-smokers (NS). The concentrations of IL-16 and soluble IL-2 receptor alpha (sIL-2Ralpha) protein were also measured in conditioned medium from human blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes stimulated with tobacco smoke extract (TSE) in vitro. IL-16 mRNA was assessed in vitro as well, using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Finally, the intracellular immunoreactivity for IL-16 protein (IL-16IR) was assessed in six matched pairs of palatine tonsils from smokers and non-smokers. BALF IL-16 was higher in CB and AS than in NS. TSE substantially increased the concentration of IL-16 but not sIL-2Ralpha in conditioned medium from CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes. There was no corresponding effect on IL-16 mRNA. IL-16IR in tonsils was lower in smokers than in non-smokers. The current findings demonstrate that tobacco smoke exerts a wide impact on the CD8(+) cytokine IL-16, in the airway lumen, in blood CD4(+) and CD8(+) lymphocytes and in lymphoid tissue. The effect on IL-16 release may be selective for preformed IL-16 in CD4(+) lymphocytes. New clinical studies are required to evaluate whether tobacco smoke mobilizes T lymphocytes via IL-16 in the lower airways and whether this mechanism can be targeted in COPD.
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2.
  • Andersson, Annika K., et al. (författare)
  • Cytokine-induced PGE2 formation is reduced from iNOS deficient murine islets
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology. - : Elsevier BV. - 0303-7207 .- 1872-8057. ; 220:1-2, s. 21-29
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Cytokines may be involved in islet destruction during Type 1 diabetes. Exposure to interleukin-1beta (IL-1beta) or IL-1beta plus interferon-gamma (IFN-gamma) of rodent islets induces expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2). Subsequent formation of nitric oxide (NO) and prostaglandin E(2) (PGE(2)) may impair beta-cell function. Using iNOS deficient (iNOS -/-) islets, we have further investigated the relation between NO formation and PGE(2) induction. We found that iNOS -/- islets responded with a reduced PGE(2) formation following IL-1beta or (IL-1beta + IFN-gamma) treatment compared to wild-type (wt) islets, while COX-2 mRNA or protein content were unchanged. By the addition of an NO donor together with IL-1beta, PGE(2) formation could be stimulated from iNOS -/- islets. We conclude that the lowered capacity of PGE(2) formation observed from cytokine exposed iNOS -/- islets is due to a decreased stimulation of PGE(2) formation by the COX-2 enzyme in the absence of NO, rather then differences in expressed COX-2 protein.
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  • Andersson, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • An experimental evaluation of inspection and testing for detection of design faults
  • 2003
  • Ingår i: Proceedings 2003 International Symposium on Empirical Software Engineering. ISESE 2003. - 0769520022 ; , s. 174-184
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The two most common strategies for verification and validation, inspection and testing, are in a controlled experiment evaluated in terms of their fault detection capabilities. These two techniques are in the previous work compared applied to code. In order to compare the efficiency and effectiveness of these techniques on a higher abstraction level than code, this experiment investigates inspection of design documents and testing of the corresponding program, to detect faults originating from the design document. Usage-based reading (UBR) and usage-based testing (UBT) were chosen for inspections and testing, respectively. These techniques provide similar aid to the reviewers as to the testers. The purpose of both fault detection techniques is to focus the inspection and testing from a user's viewpoint. The experiment was conducted with 51 Master's students in a two-factor blocked design; each student applied each technique once, each application on different versions of the same program. The two versions contained different sets of faults, including 13 and 14 faults, respectively. The general results from this study show that when the two groups of subjects are combined, the efficiency and effectiveness are significantly higher for usage-based reading and that testing tends to require more learning. Rework is not taken into account, thus the experiment indicates strong support for design inspection over testing
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  • Andersson, Carina, 1975- (författare)
  • Equivalence et saillance dans l'expression de la localisation frontale dynamique en suédois et en français : Etude comparative et contrastive de fram et de (s’)avancer/en avant
  • 2004
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The present study deals with the expression of frontal orientation in dynamic contexts as lexicalised in the Swedish particle fram and its French equivalents (s')avancer/en avant. The study is based on a parallel corpus containing approximately one millon words of Swedish and one million words of French fiction and it consists of a comparison made on the basis of monolingual and crosslinguistic data. The study links with current trends in both cognitive linguistics and corpus linguistics. The aim of the study is twofold : first it sets out to measure to what extent these forms express the same type of orientations and to what extent they do use these in domains other than the spatial one; second it sets out to measure to what extent these forms are used as translational equivalents as well as to list the other types of translational equivalents that occur in the corpus. This is done in order to evaluate the salience of the concept of frontal orientation in the both languages compared and to get a view of other types of conceptualizations that underlie the linguistic expression of the other language when the Swedish and the French texts do not make the same use of the expression of frontal orientation.
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7.
  • Andersson, Carina, et al. (författare)
  • Evaluating the impact of software process simulations - a case study
  • 2004
  • Ingår i: 5th International Workshop on Software Process Simulation and Modeling (ProSim 2004) W11L Workshop - 26th International Conference on Software Engineering. - 0863414265 ; , s. 217-221
  • Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The software process simulation research field has been growing in recent years. Much effort has been used for developing detailed software process simulation models. However, few studies are available characterizing the effect process simulation models could have when introduced to an organization. Furthermore, most published work in this area has been focused on the effect that the models have for project management. This motivates a study with focus on other categories of project staff, and evaluation of the benefits that could be gained by the introduction of a software process model. We describe an ongoing qualitative study evaluating the impact of the introduction of a software process simulation model in an industrial setting. The focus is to analyse the impact the model has among developers and testers in a specific organization, and to evaluate the model's suitability as a tool for gaining better understanding of the dynamic process behaviour among the study participants
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8.
  • Andersson, Carina (författare)
  • Exploring the Software Verification and Validation Process with Focus on Efficient Fault Detection
  • 2003
  • Licentiatavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Quality is an aspect of high importance in software development projects. The software organizations have to ensure that the quality of their developed products is what the customers expect. Thus, the organizations have to verify that the product is functioning as expected and validate that the product is what the customers expect. Empirical studies have shown that in many software development projects as much as half of the projected schedule is spent on the verification and validation activities. The research in this thesis focuses on exploring the state of practice of the verification and validation process and investigating methods for achieving efficient fault detection during the software development. The thesis aims at increasing the understanding of the activities conducted to verify and validate the software products, by the means of empirical research in the software engineering domain. A survey of eleven Swedish software development organizations investigates the current state of practice of the verification and validation activities, and how these activities are managed today. The need for communicating and visualising the verification and validation process was expressed during the survey. Therefore the usefulness of process simulations was evaluated in the thesis. The simulations increased the understanding of the relationships between different activities among the involved participants. In addition, an experiment was conducted to compare the performance of the two verification and validation activities, inspection and testing. In the future work, empirical research, including experiment results, will be used for calibration and validation of simulation models, with focus on using simulation as a method for decision support in the verification and validation process.
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