| 3561. |
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| 3562. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness and distributive goal on preferred allocations in public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- Two experiments investigated allocation preferences in symmetric public good di-lemmas. In Experiment1 where 20 undergraduates participated in 5-person groups, it was found that fairness conceptions were a significant predictor of how participants allocated the public good to their group. 60 undergraduates partici-pated in Experiment 2 aimed at studying the impact of goals of economic produc-tivity, social concern, and harmony on participants’ allocation preferences. Groups with economic productivity as their goal allocated the resource according to equity, groups with social concern as their goal allocated the resource accord-ing to equal treatment, and groups with harmony as their goal allocated the re-source according to equal final outcomes. These findings suggest that in a public good dilemma people apply the allocation principle that serves a particular goal, independently of their perceptions of fair allocations.
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| 3563. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of fairness, group goal, and self-interest on allocation preferences in step-level public good dilemmas
- 2005
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- In two experiments the prediction was tested that salience of fairness and group goal (economic productivity, social concern, or harmony) reduces the influence of self-interest on preferences for different principles (equity, equal treatment, or equal final outcomes) of distributing the outcomes accrued when a sufficient number contributes in a step-level public good dilemma. In Experiment 1, it was found that perceived fairness of allocation principles increased their perceived in-strumentality. Neither allocation instrumentality nor fairness varied with group goal or self-interest. In Experiment 2, the group goal of economic productivity in-creased fairness of allocations according to equity, and the group goal of social concern increased fairness of allocations according to equality and equal final outcomes. Perceived fairness and group goal were both related to allocation pref-erences. Self-interest had no effects on perceived fairness of allocation prefer-ences.
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| 3564. |
- Kazemi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of Group Goal and Resource Valence on Allocation Preferences in Public Good Dilemmas
- 2007
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Ingår i: Social behavior and personality. - : Society for Personality Research. - 0301-2212 .- 1179-6391. ; 35:6, s. 803-818
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Previous research has not been conclusive as to whether people prefer different or identical allocation principles in distributions of positive and negative outcomes. Thus, in this study, the question of whether or not group goal accounts for preferred allocation of positive and negative outcomes was posed. As hypothesized for division of surpluses, the results showed that relationship-oriented goals predicted preferences for equality, whereas performance oriented goals predicted preferences for equity. Moreover, the results were the same for allocation of deficits. This suggests that people implicitly have different orientations, or goals, in mind in group situations that similarly influence the way they prefer to allocate positive and negative outcomes. The results also showed that participants allocating deficits deviated to a larger extent from the allocation principles than did participants allocating surpluses.
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| 3565. |
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| 3566. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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Effects of group goal on perceived fairness and outcome allocations in step-level public-good dilemmas
- 2005
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Konferensbidrag (refereegranskat)abstract
- Theory and research on social dilemmas usually focus on determinants of coop-eration. In the present study, we investigated perceptions of allocations following the provision of a step-level public good. Fairness was assumed to play a role for these perceptions as well as the goal the group wants to attain, whether economic productivity, social concern, or harmony. It is argued that an allocation principle (e.g., equality) may be fair under one goal condition, a different principle (e.g., equity or need) under another goal condition. The results corroborated our line of reasoning. The group goal of economic productivity increased fairness of alloca-tions according to equity, and the group goal of social concern increased fairness of allocations according to equality and equal final outcomes. Self-interest had no effects on perceived fairness or allocation preferences. The salience of fairness and group goal reduced the influence of self-interest on allocation preferences.
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| 3567. |
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| 3568. |
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| 3569. |
- Kazemi, Ali, 1976-, et al.
(författare)
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En del beslut gäller hela livet : en utvärdering av en cykelhjälmskampanj
- 2009
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Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
- The aim of this study was evaluate the effect of a Swedish educational programme encouraging the use of bicycle helmets. Another to important aim was to use a theoretical model to explain which factors contribute to the prediction of cyclists' intention to use a helmet. A non-representative sample consisting of employees working for the same insurance company located at three different locations in Sweden was selected. Two served as an experiment group and the third as a control or comparison group. Measurements were taken before and after the campaign. The educational campaign was held by the Swedish Falck Ambulans. The session lasted for one hour. The emphasis of the campaign was to focus on accidents and injuries to the brain when not wearing a helmet. The participants were also given an opportunity to sign a bicycle helmet contract on receipt of which they received a helmet free of charge. Data were collected using a web-based self-report survey. The results revealed that the proportion of people who used a helmet when biking to work had increased substantially amongst those having taken part in the session. It also showed that after the campaign the intention to use the helmet was greater amongst the experiment group than amongst the control group. The results showed that the Theory of Planned Behaviour (TPB) was effective in the predicting of the intention to wear a helmet. The strongest predictor was perceived behavioural control followed by subjective norm. The weakest TPB predictor was the attitude. The prediction of helmet wearing intention was significantly improved when anticipated regret and past behaviour were added to the model. The results from the Transtheoretical model showed that participants in the experimental group had on average moved one step closer to a change. In sum, it could be concluded that an educational campaign, which also includes elements of endorsement (i.e. to be given a bicycle helmet when signing a contract to use the same), significantly increases the likelihood of using a bicycle helmet.
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| 3570. |
- Kazemi, Ali, et al.
(författare)
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Equity, Equal Shares or Equal Final Outcomes? : Group Goal Guides Allocations of Public Goods
- 2017
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Ingår i: Frontiers in Psychology. - : Frontiers Media S.A.. - 1664-1078. ; 8, s. 1-7
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- In an experiment we investigate preferences for allocation of a public good among group members who contributed unequally in providing the public good. Inducing the group goal of productivity resulted in preferences for equitable allocations, whereas inducing the group goals of harmony and social concern resulted in preferences for equal final outcomes. The study makes a contribution by simultaneously treating provision and allocation of a public good, thus viewing these as related processes. Another contribution is that a new paradigm is introduced that bears closer resemblance to real life public good dilemmas than previous research paradigms do.
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