| 2341. |
- Holmström, Gerd, 1951-, et al.
(författare)
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Treatment for retinopathy of prematurity in Sweden 2008-2021: Reduced gestational age of treated infants and remaining differences in treatment type and recurrence rates between hospitals
- 2023
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Ingår i: ACTA OPHTHALMOLOGICA. - : John Wiley & Sons. - 1755-375X .- 1755-3768.
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- PurposeThis study aimed to investigate various aspects of treatment for retinopathy of prematurity (ROP) in Sweden over the past 14 years, nationally and at a hospital level.MethodsData on screening and treatment for ROP in infants born in Sweden from 2008 to 2021 were extracted from the national ROP register, SWEDROP. During this period, Swedish screening guidelines were reduced from gestational age (GA) < 32 weeks to <31 weeks in 2012 and to <30 weeks in 2020.ResultsAltogether, 10 959 infants were screened and 600 infants treated for ROP during the study period. Parallel to changed guidelines, the number of screened infants decreased (p < 0.000) and the incidence of ROP and frequency of treatment increased (p < 0.001), while both remained similar in infants with a GA below 30 weeks. Among treated infants, GA and BW were reduced over the years (p < 0.001). Laser treatment (85.2% of primary treatments) became less common and anti-VEGF injections (13.6%) became more common over time (p < 0.001). Altogether 16 eyes were treated with the encircling band and 13 with vitrectomy. The total frequency of retreatment (32.7% of treated eyes) remained similar over time but was more common after primary anti-VEGF injection (67.7%) than laser treatment (27.2%). There were differences between the seven university hospitals regarding type of treatment and number of retreatments (p < 0.001).ConclusionThe frequency of treatment and retreatment for ROP remained similar over time, but the type of treatment changed and anti-VEGF injections became more common. Differences between treating hospitals emphasize the importance of centralizing the most severe cases.
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| 2342. |
- Holmström, Ketty, et al.
(författare)
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A descriptive study of lexical organisation in bilingual children with language impairment: Developmental changes
- 2016
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Ingår i: International Journal of Speech-Language Pathology. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1754-9515 .- 1754-9507. ; 18:2, s. 178-189
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © 2015 The Speech Pathology Association of Australia Limited Published by Taylor & Francis. Purpose: This study aimed to describe the development of Arabic and Swedish lexical organisation in bilingual children with language impairment (BLI).Method: Lexical organisation was assessed through word associations in 10 BLI and 10 bilingual children with typical development (BTD), aged 6;2-8;0 years, matched for age and gender. The participants were assessed twice, with a 1-year interval. Word associations were coded as paradigmatic, syntagmatic, phonological, other and no answer. This study reports analyses of the semantically-related syntagmatic and paradigmatic associations. Using repeated measures ANOVA, main and interaction effects of Group, Time and Language were examined for paradigmatic and syntagmatic associations separately.Result: The interaction between Group and Time was significant for both associations. The BLI group increased syntagmatic associations from time 1 to time 2, while the BTD group increased paradigmatic associations. Results showed a significant main effect of Language for both types of associations, with better performance in Swedish. Significant Group by Language interactions resulted from lower Arabic than Swedish syntagmatic and paradigmatic scores for the BLI and BTD groups, respectively.Conclusion: Differing developmental trajectories indicate that bilingual children with LI develop lexical organisation at a slower pace than bilingual peers with typical language development.
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| 2343. |
- Holmström, Ketty, et al.
(författare)
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Conceptual Scoring of Lexical Organization in Bilingual Children with Language Impairment
- 2016
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Ingår i: Communication Disorders Quarterly. - : SAGE Publications. - 1525-7401 .- 1538-4837. ; 38:1, s. 24-34
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- © Hammill Institute on Disabilities 2015. The aim was to evaluate conceptual scoring of lexical organization in bilingual children with language impairment (BLI) and to compare BLI performance with monolingual children with language impairment (MLI). Word associations were assessed in 15 BLI and 9 MLI children. BLI were assessed in Arabic and Swedish, MLI in Swedish only. A number of syntagmatic (semantic link, different word class) and paradigmatic associations (semantic link, same word class) were calculated. Arabic and Swedish scores were compared with a conceptual score (total number of concepts from both languages). For BLI, the paradigmatic conceptual score was significantly higher than single language scores, confirming the distribution of lexical knowledge across languages. The BLI group had significantly higher conceptual paradigmatic scores than the MLI group. Conceptual scoring may reduce the over-identification of language impairment (LI) and underestimation of lexical knowledge in bilingual populations.
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| 2344. |
- Holsanova, Jana, et al.
(författare)
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Event segmentation in the audio description of films : A case study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Journal of Audiovisual Translation. - 2617-9148. ; 6:1, s. 64-92
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- To make the content of moving images and audio-visual media available to a visually impaired audience, a sighted interpreter can provide audio description (AD). AD is a verbal description of visual events, aiming to increase the accessibility of visual information and to provide a visually impaired audience with a richer and more detailed understanding and experience of, for instance, films. To achieve this goal, the audio describer critically needs to select what to describe, when to describe it, and how to describe it, as well as to express the information aurally. The prosperity of this communication is thus critically dependent upon basic cognitive processes of how the sighted audio describer perceives and segments the film’s unfolding chain of events and how the visually impaired end users conceive the structure, content, and segmentation of such events in relation to the produced AD. While the way in which we as human cognitive beings perceive, segment, and remember chain of events has been the matter of much research, there is virtually no research on this interplay in relation to AD. In the present case study, we scrutinize live AD of a film from two trained audio describers, and examine how events are structured, segmented and construed in their AD. Results demonstrate that the event segmentation structure experienced from the film is indeed a fundamental part of how AD is structured and construed. It was found that AD at event boundaries was highly sensitive to different spatiotemporal circumstances and this relationship depends on semantic resources for expressing AD.
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| 2345. |
- Holst, Rose-Marie, 1946, et al.
(författare)
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Expression of cytokines and chemokines in cervical and amniotic fluid: Relationship to histological chorioamnionitis
- 2007
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Ingår i: J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. - : Informa UK Limited. ; 20:12, s. 885-893
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objective. To correlate cervical and amniotic fluid cytokines and macrophage-related chemokines to the development of histological chorioamnionitis (HCA) in patients with preterm labor (PTL) and preterm prelabor rupture of the membranes (PPROM). Study design. Cervical and amniotic fluid interleukin (IL)-6, IL-8, IL-18, monocyte chemotactic protein (MCP)-1, MCP-2, and MCP-3 from pregnant women (at
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| 2346. |
- Holstad, Ylva, et al.
(författare)
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Self-rated health in primiparous women with congenital heart disease before, during and after pregnancy : a register study
- 2023
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Ingår i: Scandinavian Cardiovascular Journal. - : Taylor & Francis. - 1401-7431 .- 1651-2006. ; 58:1
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Poor maternal self-rated health in healthy women is associated with adverse neonatal outcomes, but knowledge about self-rated health in pregnant women with congenital heart disease (CHD) is sparse. This study, therefore, investigated self-rated health before, during, and after pregnancy in women with CHD and factors associated with poor self-rated health.Methods: The Swedish national registers for CHD and pregnancy were merged and searched for primiparous women with data on self-rated health; 600 primiparous women with CHD and 3062 women in matched controls. Analysis was performed using descriptive statistics, chi-square test and logistic regression.Results: Women with CHD equally often rated their health as poor as the controls before (15.5% vs. 15.8%, p = .88), during (29.8% vs. 26.8% p = .13), and after pregnancy (18.8% vs. 17.6% p = .46). None of the factors related to heart disease were associated with poor self-rated health. Instead, factors associated with poor self-rated health during pregnancy in women with CHD were ≤12 years of education (OR 1.7, 95%CI 1.2–2.4) and self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 12.6, 95%CI 1.4–3.4). After pregnancy, solely self-reported history of psychiatric illness (OR 5.2, 95%CI 1.1–3.0) was associated with poor self-rated health.Conclusion: Women with CHD reported poor self-rated health comparable to controls before, during, and after pregnancy, and factors related to heart disease were not associated with poor self-rated health. Knowledge about self-rated health may guide professionals in reproductive counselling for women with CHD. Further research is required on how pregnancy affects self-rated health for the group in a long-term perspective.
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| 2347. |
- Holtedahl, Knut, et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal symptoms and cancer in the Abdomen : Prospective cohort study in European primary care
- 2018
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Ingår i: British Journal of General Practice. - : ROYAL COLL GENERAL PRACTITIONERS. - 0960-1643 .- 1478-5242. ; 68:670, s. 301-310
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Forskningsöversikt (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Different abdominal symptoms may signal cancer, but their role is unclear. Aim: To examine associations between abdominal symptoms and subsequent cancer diagnosed in the abdominal region. Design and setting: Prospective cohort study comprising 493 GPs from surgeries in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Scotland, Belgium, and the Netherlands. Method: Over a 10-day period, the GPs recorded consecutive consultations and noted: patients who presented with abdominal symptoms pre-specified on the registration form; additional data on non-specific symptoms; and features of the consultation. Eight months later, data on all cancer diagnoses among all study patients in the participating general practices were requested from the GPs. Results: Consultations with 61 802 patients were recorded and abdominal symptoms were documented in 6264 (10.1%) patients. Malignancy, both abdominal and non-abdominal, was subsequently diagnosed in 511 patients (0.8%). Among patients with a new cancer in the abdomen (n = 251), 175 (69.7%) were diagnosed within 180 days after consultation. In a multivariate model, the highest sex- and age-adjusted hazard ratio (HR) was for the single symptom of rectal bleeding (HR 19.1, 95% confidence interval = 8.7 to 41.7). Positive predictive values of >3% were found for macroscopic haematuria, rectal bleeding, and involuntary weight loss, with variations according to age and sex. The three symptoms relating to irregular bleeding had particularly high specificity in terms of colorectal, uterine, and bladder cancer. Conclusions: A patient with undiagnosed cancer may present with symptoms or no symptoms. Irregular bleeding must always be explained. Abdominal pain occurs with all types of abdominal cancer and several symptoms may signal colorectal cancer. The findings are important as they influence how GPs think and act, and how they can contribute to an earlier diagnosis of cancer.
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| 2348. |
- Holtedahl, K., et al.
(författare)
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Abdominal symptoms in general practice: Frequency, cancer suspicions raised, and actions taken by GPs in six European countries. Cohort study with prospective registration of cancer
- 2017
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Ingår i: Heliyon. - : Elsevier BV. - 2405-8440. ; 3:6
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background Abdominal symptoms are diagnostically challenging to general practitioners (GPs): although common, they may indicate cancer. In a prospective cohort of patients, we examined abdominal symptom frequency, initial diagnostic suspicion, and actions of GPs in response to abdominal symptoms. Methods Over a 10-day period, 493 GPs in Norway, Denmark, Sweden, Belgium, the Netherlands, and Scotland, recorded consecutive consultations: sex, date of birth and any specified abdominal symptoms. For patients with abdominal symptoms, additional data on non-specific symptoms, GPs’ diagnostic suspicion, and features of the consultation were noted. Data on all cancer diagnoses among all included patients were requested from the GPs eight months later. Findings Consultations with 61802 patients were recorded. Abdominal symptoms were recorded in 6264 (10.1%) patients. A subsequent malignancy was reported in 511 patients (0.8%): 441 (86.3%) had a new cancer, 70 (13.7%) a recurrent cancer. Abdominal symptoms were noted in 129 (25.2%) of cancer patients (P < 0.001), rising to 34.5% for the 89 patients with cancer located in the abdominal region. PPV for any cancer given any abdominal symptom was 2.1%. In symptomatic patients diagnosed with cancer, GPs noted a suspicion of cancer for 85 (65.9%) versus 1895 (30.9%) when there was no subsequent cancer (P < 0.001). No suspicion was noted in 32 (24.8%) cancer patients. The GP's intuitive cancer suspicion was independently associated with a subsequent new cancer diagnosis (OR 2.11, 95% CI 1.15–3.89). Laboratory tests were ordered for 45.4% of symptomatic patients, imaging for 10.4%, referral or hospitalization for 20.0%: all were more frequent in subsequent cancer patients (P < 0.001). Interpretation Abdominal symptoms pointed to abdominal cancers rather than to other cancers. However, the finding of abdominal symptoms in only one third of patients with an abdominal cancer, and the lack of cancer suspicion in a quarter of symptomatic cancer patients, provide challenges for GPs’ diagnostic thinking and referral practices. © 2017 The Authors
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| 2349. |
- Holtstrand Hjälm, Henrik, et al.
(författare)
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Obstructive sleep apnea severity and prevalent atrial fibrillation in a sleep clinic cohort with versus without excessive daytime sleepiness
- 2023
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Ingår i: Sleep Medicine. - 1389-9457. ; 112, s. 63-69
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is associated with atrial fibrillation (AF) in cardiac cohorts. Less is known regarding the magnitude of this association in a sleep clinic cohort with vs. without excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS). Objectives: To explore the association of OSA severity with AF in a sleep clinic cohort stratified by EDS. Patients and methods: All consecutive adults (n = 3814) admitted to the Skaraborg Hospital, Sweden between Jan 2005 and December 2011 were registered in a local database, and the follow-up ended in December 2018. OSA was defined as an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) >= 5 events/h. Mild OSA was defined as AHI >= 5 & AHI<15 events/ h; moderate OSA as AHI >= 15 & AHI<30 events/h; and severe OSA as AHI >= 30 events/h. EDS was defined as an Epworth Sleepiness Scale score >= 11. We conducted cross-sectional analyzes of the prevalent AF across the OSA severity categories and logistic regression analyzes stratified by EDS.Results: In all, 202 patients (5.3%) had AF at baseline, 1.6% in no-OSA, 3.9% in mild OSA, 5.2% in moderate OSA, and 7.6% in severe OSA, respectively (p < 0.001). The stratified analyzes revealed that patients with severe OSA without EDS had an increased risk for prevalent AF (OR 2.54, 95% CI 1.05-6.16; p = 0.039) independent of the confounding factors. Conclusions: There was an independent dose-response relationship between OSA and prevalent AF among the non-sleepy phenotype in this sleep clinic cohort. Since adherence to OSA treatment is challenging in the absence of EDS, these patients may have increased risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes.
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| 2350. |
- Holzmeister, Felix, et al.
(författare)
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Delegation Decisions in Finance
- 2023
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Ingår i: Management Science. - : Institute for Operations Research and the Management Sciences (INFORMS). - 0025-1909 .- 1526-5501. ; 69:8, s. 4828-4844
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Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Based on an online experimentwith a sample of finance professionals and participants from the general population (acting as clients), we examine drivers and motives of clients' choices to delegate investment decisions to agents.We find that clients favor delegation to investment algorithms, followed by delegation to finance professionals compensated with an aligned incentive scheme, and lastly to finance professionals receiving a fixed payment for investing on behalf of others. We show that trust in investment algorithms or finance professionals, and clients' propensity to shift blame on others increase the likelihood of delegation, whereas clients' own decision-making quality is associated with a decrease in delegation frequency.
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