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Sökning: WFRF:(Carlsson Fredrik 1972 )

  • Resultat 11-20 av 42
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11.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Discrimination in Scientific Review - A natural field experiment on blind versus non-blind review
  • 2009
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This paper analyzes the impacts of gender, as well as other author characteristics, on reviewers’ grading of papers submitted to an international conference in economics in Sweden in 2008. Correcting for other variables, including country and research field as well as researcher academic level, we focus on the difference in grades between blind and non-blind review treatments. We find little effect of non-blind reviewing and no significant evidence of gender or any other type of discrimination. Furthermore, we do not find any significant difference between the average grading by female and male reviewers.
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12.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Discrimination in scientific review - A natural field experiment on blind versus non-blind review
  • 2012
  • Ingår i: Scandinavian Journal of Economics. - : Wiley. - 1467-9442 .- 0347-0520. ; 114:2, s. 500-519
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using papers submitted to an international conference on economics held in Sweden in 2008, we analyze how gender, as well as other characteristics of the authors and reviewers, affects the grading of these papers by the reviewers. Correcting for other variables, including the country and research field, as well as the academic level of the author, we focus on the difference in grades between blind and non-blind review treatments. We find that non-blind reviewing has little effect, and there is no significant evidence of gender discrimination. Furthermore, we do not find any significant difference between the average grading by female and male reviewers.
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13.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Is Fairness Blind? - The effect of framing on preferences for effort-sharing rules
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • By using a choice experiment, this paper focuses on citizens’ preferences for effort-sharing rules of how carbon abatement should be shared among countries. We find that Swedes do not rank the rule favoring their own country highest. Instead, they prefer the rule where all countries are allowed to emit an equal amount per person, a rule that favors Africa at the expense of high emitters such as the U.S. The least preferred rule is reduction proportional to historical emissions. Using two different treatments, one where the respondents were informed about the country names and one where the country names were replaced with anonymous labels A-D, we also test whether people’s preferences for effort-sharing rules depend on the framing of the problem. We find that while the ranking of the principles is the same in both treatments, the strength of the preferences is significantly increased when the actual names of the countries are used.
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14.
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15.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Leading by example? EU citizens’ preferences for climate leadership
  • 2022
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • For global problems like climate change, strong international agreements are difficult to achieve. Alternative solutions might therefore be necessary. In this paper, we study the support for climate leadership in seven European countries. Climate leadership means that an individual country takes the lead by decreasing its carbon emissions above its level of commitment in the current EU agreement and with the intention of inspiring other countries to do likewise. Overall, we find that at realistic cost levels, a majority of people oppose their country taking the lead, and most do not expect that taking the lead will result in other countries following suit. The lack of support is caused by expectations that such leadership will result in other countries behaving as free riders. We do, however, find evidence of preferences for conditional leadership: People are more positive about their country taking the lead if assured that other countries will follow. These preferences are stronger among those who identify as leftwing. Moreover, citizens in smaller countries are more pessimistic that other countries would follow their country’s lead and more sensitive to the response of other EU countries.
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16.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • Paying for Mitigation: A Multiple Country Study
  • 2010
  • Rapport (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Unique survey data from a contingent valuation study conducted in three different countries (China, Sweden, and the United States) were used to investigate the ordinary citizen’s willingness to pay (WTP) for reducing CO2 emissions. We find that a large majority of the respondents in all three countries believe that the mean global temperature has increased over the last 100 years and that humans are responsible for the increase. A smaller share of Americans, however, believes these statements, when compared to the Chinese and Swedes. A larger share of Americans is also pessimistic and believes that nothing can be done to stop climate change. We also find that Sweden has the highest WTP for reductions of CO2, while China has the lowest. Thus, even though the Swedes and Chinese are similar to each other in their attitudes toward climate change, they differ considerably in their WTP. When WTP is measured as a share of household income, the willingness to pay is the same for Americans and Chinese, while again higher for the Swedes.
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18.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1972- (författare)
  • Spectroscopic studies of irradiation induced defects in SiC
  • 2003
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • Silicon carbide (SiC) with its applications has the potential to affect the everyday life of most citizens. As a material it has some outstanding properties concerning its mechanical and chemical toughness as well as its electrical properties for high power and high frequency applications. The main effect this will have on the society is large reductions of electrical energy losses in base stations for mobile communication, electrical power distribution, power adaptors for home electronics and several other applications. To realize this marvelous potential SiC has to move beyond its present state as an emerging semiconductor into a mature technology. On this path the processing of devices is one of the major steps, this includes ion-implantation where ions bombard the SiC to form regions with different electrical properties. The effect of ion-implantation and irradiation with other particles, which causes similar damage, have been studied and reported in the following seven papers. Paper I deals with a well-known defect labeled D1, which occurs after irradiation and subsequent high temperature annealing. We have found a correlation with an electrically measured defect HS 1 and the proposed pseudodonor model is confirmed for this defect. In paper II the same defect is studied but with a novel method named TraCE that combines the electrical and optical measurements and provides a direct correlation between the two techniques. Further effects of irradiation and the D1 defect are presented in paper III. The lifetime of carriers is one of the major parameters when producing devices for high power applications. The influence of irradiation dose and concentrations of the D1 defect on the carrier lifetime is reported. There is a second defect that occurs after high temperature annealing named DII" It requires implantation of ions to form unlike the DI where any kind irradiation causing lattice damage is sufficient. It has some very interesting properties, especially the high-energy local vibrational modes. These are unique to the Dn defect and are important for the validation of theoretical calculations. A detailed study of the properties of the Dn defect is presented in paper IV. SiC is a compound semiconductor with two sublattices consisting of silicon (Si) and carbon (C) in equal amounts. Depending on the orientation one sublattice will always be above and dose to the other. The direction of irradiation, a Si above C or vice versa, for electrons having an energy of 100-200keV will create different defects and their concentration will differ. The difference in defect introduction rates is presented in paper V and the effects it has on photoluminescence spectra is presented in paper VI. Since SiC is a very inert material, defects created usually requires temperatures from 500-2000°C to anneal and some defects do not disappear. In paper VII the defect reduction of the electrically measured HS2 defect and some of the alphabet lines measured by photoluminescence is observed. This occurs at room temperature with only the recombination energy of the induced electrons and holes unlike other cases where high temperatures are needed.
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19.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • The Climate Decade: Changing Attitudes on Three Continents
  • 2020
  • Annan publikation (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • We examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed over the past decade in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in climate attitudes and preferences within countries, particularly the United States. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.
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20.
  • Carlsson, Fredrik, 1968, et al. (författare)
  • The climate decade: Changing attitudes on three continents
  • 2021
  • Ingår i: Journal of Environmental Economics and Management. - : Elsevier BV. - 0095-0696 .- 1096-0449. ; 107
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using identical surveys a decade apart, we examine how attitudes and willingness to pay (WTP) for climate policies have changed in the United States, China, and Sweden. All three countries exhibit an increased willingness to pay for climate mitigation. Ten years ago, Sweden had a larger fraction of believers in anthropogenic climate change and a higher WTP for mitigation, but today the national averages are more similar. Although we find convergence in public support for climate policy across countries, there is considerable divergence in both WTP and climate attitudes within countries. Political polarization explains part of this divergence.
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