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Sökning: AMNE:(SOCIAL SCIENCES Business and economics) > Södertörns högskola > Stockholms universitet

  • Resultat 1-10 av 63
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1.
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2.
  • Box, Marcus (författare)
  • New Venture, Survival, Growth : Continuance, Termination and Growth of Business Firms and Business Populations in Sweden During the 20th Century
  • 2005
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • This dissertation focuses on the formation, growth and discontinuance of business populations and firms in Sweden during the 20th century. It addresses some key issues in the domain of economic and social sciences, and in particular entrepreneurship and small business research: if and when firms grow, stagnate and decline, as well as how long firms survive and when they are likely to disband. Previous research has primarily analyzed these questions from a short time frame. Further, an individual or firm-oriented focus is commonly assumed. In that, alternative or complementary explanations to the growth and survival of firms may be disregarded. In contrast to much previous research, this dissertation assumes a micro-to-macro, longitudinal and demographic population approach. The period of investigation is over one hundred years. In addressing the growth and survival of firms, it takes into account the impact of firm-specific structural factors (such as firm age and size), generation (cohort) effects, as well as the influence of macroeconomic, exogenous factors. Further, the relationship between managerial/ownership succession and firm performance is also addressed. Both cross-sectional and longitudinal databases are employed in the dissertation. Its main empirical material consists of unique longitudinal data on new business firms, traced at the firm level from their birth to their termination. More specifically, seven birth cohorts – generations – of approximately 2,200 firms founded in 1899, 1909, 1912, 1921, 1930, 1942 and 1950 are included. The main findings show that ownership/management succession in firms had a quite weak correlation with firm performance and survival. At least at an aggregate level, and with some exceptions, it is debatable if the loss and replacement of owner-managers in small and in larger firms have any observable effects on firm performance. Furthermore, macroeconomic phenomena influence the conditions of individual firms as well as populations/aggregates of businesses. Both the growth and termination of firms and firm populations are found to be related to real economic (environmental) conditions; e.g. favorable macroeconomic conditions implied that firms grew in size. At the same time, under certain circumstances, the influence of structural variables (firm age and size) – as suggested in much previous research – is found to be of importance. As concerns firm growth, as well as firm termination, the economic environment and structural factors interact. These findings challenges individual or firm-level research that mainly focus on personal traits and behaviors in explaining firm success and failure. Other previous assumptions are also challenged when taking a longer time perspective into consideration. For decades, organization and business research have acknowledged a liability of newness and of size for business firms. While this might be true under some conditions, this liability of newness is falsified in the study: the termination behavior of some firm generations did not correspond with these assumptions. Thus, the perspectives and methodology applied in the dissertation complement earlier approaches in entrepreneurship and small business research.
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3.
  • Millak, Jurek (författare)
  • Organisatorisk kompetens : organisatorisk kompetens och inlärning vid IT-satsningar i tre sjukvårdsorganisationer
  • 1998
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The overall purpose of the study is to analyse and to create an understanding of the phenomenon of organisational competence in conjunction with the introduction of information technology (IT) or other competence raising measures where IT plays an important part. Comparative case studies have been chosen as the method and three different organisations have been investigated. The analysis and conclusions are based on a qualitative method inspired by Strauss and Corbin.The contribution to research from this study is as follows:In addition to technical and social competence the concept of awareness is introduced, which relates both of these concepts to the environment. Without awareness or insight into the competence which is required, or where and when it is required, the organisation is unable to utilise its total competence in a suitable manner. Further dimensions, both visible and invisible, are required in order to make a more penetrating analysis of the phenomenon of organisational competence.Two new concepts, core competence and peripheral competence are introduced. Core competence has a direct bearing on the core activity of the organisation. It is established in the study that organisational competence is developed when the investment relates to this core competence.There are a number of dimensions in an organisation which are extremely important if an investment in organisational competence is to succeed. These include cooperation among different employee groups, management support which legitimises the investment and the attitudes of the individual managers and employees. The size of the organisation is also important; it is primarily the small organisations which are successful. The financial circumstances of the organisation are of course important, but to a lesser extent than expected. Investments in organisational competence, as long as they refer to core competences, take place whether or not external financing is available.The study shows clearly that investment in IT should not be regarded as a goal in itself. In the successful investments, it is apparent that IT is only one of the means available and that it should be regarded as an integral part of a greater whole.For organisational learning to take place and for changes in organisational competence to be attained, it is essential that the organisation regards and classifies IT as part of its core competence.
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4.
  • Fyrberg, Anna, 1980-, et al. (författare)
  • What about interaction? Networks and brands as integrators within service-dominant logic
  • 2009
  • Ingår i: International Journal of Service Industry Management. - UK : Emerald. - 0956-4233 .- 1758-6704 .- 1757-5818 .- 1757-5826. ; 20:4, s. 420-432
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The paper conceptualizes the key actors involved in the co-creation process as Brand Governor, Providers and Customers. In addition, it proposes an advancement of the service brand-relationship-value triangle introduced by Brodie et al. by linking the key processes and actors in the triangle. It is found that the network approach provides a deeper understanding of how actors integrate with one another and how this interaction leads to co-created outcomes that can be translated into value
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5.
  • Abbasian, Saeid, et al. (författare)
  • The determinant of external financing at the start-up stage : Empirical evidences from Swedish data
  • 2014
  • Ingår i: World Review of Entrepreneurship, Management and Sustainable Development. - Switzerland : InderScience Publishers. - 1746-0573 .- 1746-0581. ; 10:1, s. 124-141
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Small firms in general have limited access to funding, which is a major problem for entrepreneurs. In particular, this problem is evident for women and ethnic minority groups. The purpose of the study is to examine empirically the impact of gender, ethnicity and other relevant variables on the access to external financing of new small firms. A sample of 2,764 female– and male–owned small businesses, based on a unique and large database gathered through interviews, was investigated employing binary logistic regression models. The results suggest that both gender and ethnicity are significant explanatory variables influencing the access to external capital at the start–up stage. Entrepreneurs' age, experience of starting businesses and education, as well as additional jobs beside their own business, are other variables that influence the way in which entrepreneurs finance their business. Moreover, firm characteristics in terms of personal start–up capital, firm size and legal form have an impact on financing behaviour at start–up. Since the knowledge about this issue is limited, the results of this study add to our understanding of the variables affecting the behaviour of small business endeavours in seeking funding at start–up
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6.
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7.
  • Viktorov, Ilja, 1979-, et al. (författare)
  • The rise of collateral-based finance under state capitalism in Russia
  • 2022
  • Ingår i: Post-Communist Economies. - : Informa UK Limited. - 1463-1377 .- 1465-3958. ; 34:1, s. 15-51
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The article examines emerging financial capitalism in Russia and its recent developments, the rise of collateralised finance and trading in repo markets. The main conclusion is that a combination of sophisticated speculative practices with a strong state presence in financial markets is a distinctive feature of Russia after 2008. The decoupling of the financial system from the credit supply to the real sector is still continuing after the collapse of Communism. The role of the capital markets is restricted to short-term liquidity management in money markets, which rose after 2011 due to an increased provision of state liquidity. The existence of a large monetary overhang accumulated within the Russian banking system and its interconnectedness with collateralised markets are discussed. The development stages of the repo markets and the main collateral types are considered in relation to the expansion of the state liquidity supply. This study provides an additional perspective within the ongoing debate on contemporary state capitalism in emerging markets.
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8.
  • Fredrik, Jörgensen, 1971-, et al. (författare)
  • Legal Rights Matter : Evidence from Panel Data on Creditor Protection and Debt
  • 2008
  • Ingår i: International Finance Review. - Bingley : Emerald Group Publishing Limited. - 1569-3767. ; 9, s. 303-336, s. 303-336
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • Using panel data derived from recent financial statements, we examine the relationship between changing creditor protection and leverage (and debt maturity) in a number of emerging market countries located in Central and Eastern Europe. We examine unlisted firms, which are more likely than listed companies to face credit constraints. Our main hypothesis is whether unlisted firms change their leverage and debt maturity as creditor rights increase. We confirm this to be the case at both the country- and firm-level; our findings are robust to alternative econometric specifications and inclusion of countrylevel and firm-level controls. We also find that legal origin is related to the level of debt and its maturity.
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9.
  • Golubeva, Olga, 1965- (författare)
  • Foreign Investment Decision-Making in Transition Economies
  • 2001
  • Doktorsavhandling (övrigt vetenskapligt/konstnärligt)abstract
    • The purpose of this project is to describe and explain the foreign investment decision process in the uncertain and turbulent environment of transition economy. By getting an in-depth understanding of how decision-making works in the environment of transition economy, the study intends to contribute to the development of business administration theory in the area of foreign investment decision-making, particularly its application in the turbulent and uncertain world.Theoretical ‘blocks’, elaborated on the basis of literature study, include the following concepts: the framework of transition economy; initial motivation (or reasons) of companies to make foreign direct investments (FDI); investigation of the investment climate and information collection methods; project evaluation and investment decision criteria; risk assessment factors and risk reduction measures.Transition economy is defined in the study as ‘a non-planned, non-market economy’ where the new emerging market institutions coexist with the bureaucracy and hierarchy inherited from the old administrative system. Investment projects, therefore, should probably be seen as being under institutional influence from both the local (i.e. transition economy) and the Western investor’s home country environments. The empirical data presented in the paper also shows that it is necessary to establish the relevant economic, legal, political and social institutions in order to attract FDI. The study further includes the analysis of the main components and features of transition economies and their influence on FDI decision-making.One of the results of the study is that FDI decision-making in transition economies is largely consistent with different theoretical approaches suggested in the literature. On the other hand, the empirical support obtained for different theoretical approaches is often questionable and opened to alternative interpretations. The presented project suggests that theoretical perspectives do not preclude each other, but rather have a complimentary character.The study attempts to contribute to the mainstream FDI theories through a firm-level approach based on the case studies. Two in-depth case studies are presented in the paper: Ericsson’s direct investments in Russia and Vattenfall’s investments in the Baltic countries. A formal questionnaire based on the parameters of theoretical ‘blocks’ was created and 25 top executives from Ericsson and Vattenfall who participated in FDI decision-making were surveyed. The empirical investigation took place during the period 1997 - 1998 with partial updating of the cases during the year 2000. The study shows that where companies confront stable environments, investment decision routines and procedures will be less necessary and important than where market uncertainty is high. The strong appreciation of the local business partners for properly done investment calculations increases the importance of capital budgeting in transition economies more than in developed market economies.Besides, traditional investment appraisal methods provide managers with an ‘objective’ or ‘materialistic’ feedback for the decision-making in the rapidly changing uncertain environment. On the other hand, the study emphasises the importance of strategy over financial techniques and argues that FDI decisions in transition economies should be based on methods consistent with the company’s long-term objectives. In case of permanent changes, new approaches as well as better co-ordination of traditional techniques with strategic, political, historical, geographical and cultural issues are required.Ericsson’ s direct investments in Russia are presented in the paper in connection with other factors: the company’s historical involvement in Russia, marketing strategy, human resource development, privatisation and restructuring of the telecommunication sector in Russia, etc. Nordic Electric Power Co-operation (Nordel), the EU’ s decision in 1996 to create an internal electricity market in Europe, Baltic ring study, future plans to privatise the energy companies in the Baltic countries, etc., are the framework to present the second case.An application of project evaluation and risk assessment techniques for broader and more complicated environments shows that investment decision-making is probably as much, if not more, a social, political and cultural technology as an economic one. The study argues then that the rational choice decision-making model often co-exists with alternative models elaborated in social science - limited rationality, political and garbage can.According to the empirical data, the investment decisions are largely based on intuition, business experience and judgement, personal contacts with representatives from the local country, and these investment criteria are inevitable and acceptable in a situation of total chaos and permanent change. The right chosen partner, for example, is one of the major criteria for the success of the investment project in a transition economy. One of the outcomes of this study is that the revitalised form of investment decision-making will differ rather markedly from much of what has gone before: less emphasis on the quantitative aspects of capital budgeting, more on the qualitative aspects of companies and investment environment.The project also argues that determinants, approaches and criteria of investment activity in transition economies are largely consistent with patterns observed in other parts of the world. A few specific environmental conditions of transition economies, however, are shown in the study to affect the pattern of FDI decision-making. The level of turbulence is still different compared to the developed market economies due to uncertainties and unpredictibilities associated with environment of transition economies. Other major differences are the large power distance with authoritarian leadership, strong hierarchy and bureaucracy as well as the vital role of personal contacts in transition economies. It is not clear, however, if these features of transition economies should be seen as inherited from the past communist system or as an alternative way to organise the economic actors through networks, a way that is natural and appropriate for the majority of Asian societies.
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10.
  • Mostaghel, Rana, 1981-, et al. (författare)
  • The transformative impact of the circular economy on marketing theory
  • 2023
  • Ingår i: Technological forecasting & social change. - : Elsevier. - 0040-1625 .- 1873-5509. ; 195
  • Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
    • The circular economy (CE) is growing, and an increasing number of businesses are becoming aware of it. Demand from customers and new regulations from policymakers motivated many practitioners to transform their business models into circular business models. However, academia has not followed the same pace. Considering that the circular economy encloses unique attributes, it is crucially required to re-frame traditional marketing strategy theories. This article rigorously investigates marketing theory and practice in the CE, identifies the challenges of marketing in the CE, and introduces a new definition of marketing and additional stimulus in the marketing mix. Further, the article provides theoretical and managerial implications.
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