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| 2. |
- Andersson, Svante, et al.
(author)
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Born Globals' foreign market channel strategies
- 2006
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In: International Journal of Globalisation and Small Business. - Olney : InderScience Publishers. - 1479-3059 .- 1479-3067. ; 1:4, s. 356-373
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Foreign entry mode choices are decisions of paramount importance for the long-term survival and growth of companies that are in a process of rapid international expansion. In this paper we seek to understand the foreign market channel strategies of Born Globals. We examine whether these companies develop a similar strategy regarding foreign entry mode choices and whether their market channel strategies differ from contemporary theories treating this problem. A comparative case study conducted on four companies meeting the criteria of Born Globals suggests that they do not show a common foreign entry mode. Instead, the companies seem to have very different market channel strategies even if they all have internationalised very rapidly. These findings are discussed against the current range of theoretical models that seek to explain the companies' foreign entry mode choice. We conclude the paper with some implications and suggestions for future research.
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| 3. |
- Buza-Vidas, Natalija, et al.
(author)
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Cytokines regulate postnatal hematopoietic stem cell expansion : Opposing roles of thrombopoietin and LNK
- 2006
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In: Genes & Development. - Woodbury, NY, USA : Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press (CSHL). - 0890-9369 .- 1549-5477. ; 20:15, s. 2018-2023
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The role of cytokines as regulators of hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) expansion remains elusive. Herein, we identify thrombopoietin (THPO) and the cytokine signaling inhibitor LNK, as opposing physiological regulators of HSC expansion. Lnk(-/-) HSCs continue to expand postnatally, up to 24-fold above normal by 6 mo of age. Within the stem cell compartment, this expansion is highly selective for self-renewing long-term HSCs (LT-HSCs), which show enhanced THPO responsiveness. Lnk(-/-) HSC expansion is dependent on THPO, and 12-wk-old Lnk(-/-)Thpo(-/-) mice have 65-fold fewer LT-HSCs than Lnk(-/-) mice. Expansions of multiple myeloid, but not lymphoid, progenitors in Lnk(-/-) mice also proved THPO-dependent.
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| 4. |
- Carlsén, Stefan, et al.
(author)
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Type IX collagen deficiency enhances the binding of cartilage-specific antibodies and arthritis severity
- 2006
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In: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362. ; 8:4
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Joint cartilage is attacked in both autoimmune inflammatory and osteoarthritic processes. Type IX collagen (CIX) is a protein of importance for cartilage integrity and stability. In this study we have backcrossed a transgenic disruption of the col9a1 gene, which leads to an absence of CIX, into two different inbred mouse strains, DBA/1 and B10.Q. None of the CIX-deficient mice developed observable clinical or microscopic osteoarthritis, but DBA/1 male mice had more pronounced enthesopathic arthritis, the so-called stress-induced arthritis. Both DBA/1 and B10.Q strains are susceptible to the induction of collagen-induced arthritis, and CIX deficiency in both strains led to the development of a more severe arthritis than in the controls. Induction of arthritis with monoclonal antibodies against type II collagen (CII) led to an earlier arthritis in the paws that also involved the knee joints. The antibodies used, which were specific for the J1 and the C1I epitopes of CII, initiate their arthritogenic attack by binding to cartilage. The C1I-specific antibodies bound to cartilage better in CIX-deficient mice than in wild-type animals, demonstrating that the lack of CIX in cartilage leads to an increased accessibility of structures for antibody binding and thus making the joints more vulnerable to inflammatory attack. These findings accentuate the importance of cartilage stability; cartilage disrupted as a result of genetic disorders could be more accessible and vulnerable to an autoimmune attack by pathogenic antibodies.
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| 5. |
- Dzhambazov, Balik, et al.
(author)
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Therapeutic vaccination of active arthritis with a glycosylated collagen type II peptide in complex with MHC class II molecules
- 2006
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In: Journal of Immunology. - Rockville, MD : American Association of Immunologists. - 0022-1767 .- 1550-6606. ; 176, s. 1525-33
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- In both collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and rheumatoid arthritis, T cells recognize a galactosylated peptide from type II collagen (CII). In this study, we demonstrate that the CII259-273 peptide, galactosylated at lysine 264, in complex with Aq molecules prevented development of CIA in mice and ameliorated chronic relapsing disease. In contrast, nonglycosylated CII259-273/Aq complexes had no such effect. CIA dependent on other MHC class II molecules (Ar/Er) was also down-regulated, indicating a bystander vaccination effect. T cells could transfer the amelioration of CIA, showing that the protection is an active process. Thus, a complex between MHC class II molecules and a posttranslationally modified peptide offers a new possibility for treatment of chronically active autoimmune inflammation such as rheumatoid arthritis. © 2006 by The American Association of Immunologists, Inc.
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| 6. |
- Höglund, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Origin of photocurrent in lateral quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors
- 2006
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In: Applied Physics Letters. - New York : American Institute of Physics. - 0003-6951 .- 1077-3118. ; 88:21
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Interband and intersubband transitions of lateral InAs/In0.15Ga0.85As dots-in-a-well quantum dot infrared photodetectors were studied in order to determine the origin of the photocurrent. The main intersubband transition contributing to the photocurrent (PC) was associated with the quantum dot ground state to the quantum well excited state transition. By a comparison between intersubband PC measurements and the energy level scheme of the structure, as deduced from Fourier transform photoluminescence (FTPL) and FTPL excitation spectroscopies, the main transition contributing to the PC was identified.
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| 7. |
- Höglund, Linda, 1974-, et al.
(author)
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Quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetectors for long wavelength infrared detection
- 2006
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In: Proceedings of SPIE. - Bellingham, Wash. : SPIE - International Society for Optical Engineering. - 9780819464996 ; 6401, s. 1-640109
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Conference paper (peer-reviewed)abstract
- We report on a quantum dots-in-a-well infrared photodetector (DWELL QDIP) grown by metal organic vapor phase epitaxy. The DWELL QDIP consisted of ten stacked InAs/In0.5Ga0.85As/GaAs QD layers embedded between n-doped contact layers. The density of the QDs was about 9 × 10 10 cm-2 per QD layer. The energy level structure of the DWELL was revealed by optical measurements of interband transitions, and from a comparison with this energy level scheme the origin of the photocurrent peaks could be identified. The main intersubband transition contributing to the photocurrent was associated with the quantum dot ground state to the quantum well excited state transition. The performance of the DWELL QDIPs was evaluated regarding responsivity and dark current for temperatures between 15 K and 77 K. The photocurrent spectrum was dominated by a LWIR peak, with a peak wavelength at 8.4 μm and a full width at half maximum (FWHM) of 1.1 μm. At an operating temperature of 65 K, the peak responsivity was 30 mA/W at an applied bias of 4 V and the dark current was 1.2×10-5 A/cm2. Wavelength tuning from 8.4 μm to 9.5 μm was demonstrated, by reversing the bias of the detector.
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| 8. |
- Koinberg, Inga-Lill, et al.
(author)
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The usefulness of a multidisciplinary educational programme after breast cancer surgery : A prospective and comparative study
- 2006
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In: European Journal of Oncology Nursing. - London : Elsevier. - 1462-3889 .- 1532-2122. ; 10, s. 273-82
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- The aim of the study was to compare and evaluate a multidisciplinary educational programme with traditional follow-up visits to a physician after breast cancer surgery in terms of well-being, aspects of self-care and coping ability 1 year after diagnosis. A reduction in the intensity of follow-up after breast cancer surgery is recommended. New follow-up models are being debated and could be of interest. The study design was non-randomised and comparative. Ninety-six consecutively selected women with newly diagnosed breast cancer, classified as stage I or stage II, participated in either a multidisciplinary educational programme (n = 5 0), or traditional follow-up by a physician (n = 4 6). Three questionnaires were used: Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy-General (FACT-G), a study specific questionnaire regarding self-care aspects (SCA) and Sense of Coherence (SOC). With the exception of physical well-being at baseline there was no significant difference between the groups. The women in the multidisciplinary educational programme increased their physical and functional well-being (P < 0.0 1). The women in traditional follow-up by a physician increased their functional well-being while social/family well-being (P < 0.0 1) decreased over time. There was a statistically significant difference in SOC (P < 0.0 0 1) in the traditional follow-up by a physician between baseline (mean=74.4, SD=12.4) and the 1-year follow up (mean=67.7, SD=11.4). Thus, women in the traditional follow-up by a physician scored lower in the area of SOC 1 year after diagnosis. A multidisciplinary educational programme may be an alternative to traditional follow-up by a physician after breast cancer surgery, but more research is needed about the financial benefits and effectiveness of such a programme.
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| 9. |
- Kolossov, Eugen, et al.
(author)
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Engraftment of engineered ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes but not BM cells restores contractile function to the infarcted myocardium
- 2006
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In: Journal of Experimental Medicine. - New York, USA : Rockefeller University Press. - 0022-1007 .- 1540-9538. ; 203:10, s. 2315-2327
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- Cellular cardiomyoplasty is an attractive option for the treatment of severe heart failure. It is, however, still unclear and controversial which is the most promising cell source. Therefore, we investigated and examined the fate and functional impact of bone marrow (BM) cells and embryonic stem cell (ES cell)-derived cardiomyocytes after transplantation into the infarcted mouse heart. This proved particularly challenging for the ES cells, as their enrichment into cardiomyocytes and their long-term engraftment and tumorigenicity are still poorly understood. We generated transgenic ES cells expressing puromycin resistance and enhanced green fluorescent protein cassettes under control of a cardiac-specific promoter. Puromycin selection resulted in a highly purified (>99%) cardiomyocyte population, and the yield of cardiomyocytes increased 6-10-fold because of induction of proliferation on purification. Long-term engraftment (4-5 months) was observed when co-transplanting selected ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes and fibroblasts into the injured heart of syngeneic mice, and no teratoma formation was found (n = 60). Although transplantation of ES cell-derived cardiomyocytes improved heart function, BM cells had no positive effects. Furthermore, no contribution of BM cells to cardiac, endothelial, or smooth muscle neogenesis was detected. Hence, our results demonstrate that ES-based cell therapy is a promising approach for the treatment of impaired myocardial function and provides better results than BM-derived cells.
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| 10. |
- Kumar, Ashok, et al.
(author)
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Integrated bioprocess for the production and isolation of urokinase from animal cell culture using supermacroporous cryogel matrices
- 2006
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In: Biotechnology and Bioengineering. - Hoboken, NJ : Wiley. - 1097-0290 .- 0006-3592. ; 93:4, s. 636-646
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Journal article (peer-reviewed)abstract
- An integrated cell cultivation and protein product separation process was developed using a new type of supermacroporous polyacrylamide gel, called cryogel (pAAm-cryogel) support matrix. Human fibrosarcoma HT1080 and human colon cancer HCT116 cell lines were used to secrete urokinase (an enzyme of immense therapeutic utility) into the culture medium. The secreted protein was isolated from the circulating medium using a chromatographic capture column. A pAAm cryogel support with covalently coupled gelatin (gelatin-pAAm cryogel) was used for the cultivation of anchorage dependent cells in the continuous cell culture mode in 5% carbon dioxide atmosphere. The cells were attached to the matrix within 4-6 h of inoculation and grew as a tissue sheet inside the cryogel matrix. Continuous urokinase secretion into the circulating medium was monitored as a parameter of growth and viability of cells inside the bioreactor. No morphological changes were observed in the cells eluted from the gelatin-cryogel support and re-cultured in T-flask. The gelatin-pAAm cryogel bioreactor was further connected to a pAAm cryogel column carrying Cu(II)-iminodiacetic acid (Cu(II)-IDA)-ligands (Cu(II)-IDA-pAAm cryogel), which had been optimized for the capture of urokinase from the conditioned medium of the cell lines. Thus an automated system was built, which integrated the features of a hollow fiber reactor with a chromatographic protein separation system. The urokinase was continuously captured by the Cu(II)-IDA-pAAm cryogel column and periodically recovered through elution cycles. The urokinase activity increased from 250 PU/mg in the culture fluid to 2,310 PU/mg after recovery from the capture column which gave about ninefold purification of the enzyme. Increased productivity was achieved by operating integrated bioreactor system continuously for 32 days under product inhibition free conditions during which no back-pressure or culture contamination was observed. A total 152,600 Plough units of urokinase activity was recovered from 500 mL culture medium using 38 capture columns over a period of 32 days. (c) 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.
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