| 11. |
- Stenlund, Hans, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolic Profiling of Plasma in Patients with Irritable Bowel Syndrome after a 4-Week Starch- and Sucrose-Reduced Diet
- 2021
-
Ingår i: Metabolites. - : MDPI. - 2218-1989 .- 2218-1989. ; 11:7
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- A 4-week dietary intervention with a starch- and sucrose-restricted diet (SSRD) was conducted in patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) to examine the metabolic profile in relation to nutrient intake and gastrointestinal symptoms. IBS patients were randomized to SSRD intervention (n = 69) or control continuing with their ordinary food habits (n = 22). Food intake was registered and the questionnaires IBS-symptoms severity scale (IBS-SSS) and visual analog scale for IBS (VAS-IBS) were completed. Metabolomics untargeted analysis was performed by gas chromatography mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS) in positive and negative ionization modes. SSRD led to marked changes in circulating metabolite concentrations at the group level, most prominent for reduced starch intake and increased polyunsaturated fat, with small changes in the control group. On an individual level, the correlations were weak. The marked reduction in gastrointestinal symptoms did not correlate with the metabolic changes. SSRD was observed by clear metabolic effects mainly related to linoleic acid metabolism, fatty acid biosynthesis, and beta-oxidation.
|
|
| 12. |
- Jerdén, Lars, et al.
(författare)
-
Gender Differences and Predictors of Self-Rated Health Development Among Swedish Adolescents
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Journal of Adolescent Health. - : Elsevier BV. - 1054-139X .- 1879-1972. ; 48:2, s. 143-150
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Purpose: The purpose of the study was to evaluate the development of self-rated health among boys and girls during adolescence. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study, involving 1,046 Swedish adolescents from the seventh (12-13 years old) to the ninth grade. Self-rated health (well-being) and health-related empowerment were measured using a questionnaire. Results: In the seventh as well as in the ninth grade, the proportion of adolescents reporting a good health was lower in girls than in boys. In general, girls showed lower health-related empowerment as compared with boys and this difference remained between both the grades. In boys and girls belonging to both grades, a high empowerment score was related to a high self-rated health. For both boys and girls, self-rated health declined between the seventh and ninth grade. In girls, the proportion rating their health as "very good" declined from 47 % to 30%, and in boys the same proportion declined from 56% to 46%, indicating an increasing gender difference. Only a minor proportion of adolescents (16% of the boys and 13% of the girls) reported an improvement. A high self-rated health in grade nine was, in girls, predicted by positive school experiences in seventh grade and, in boys, by a good mood in the family. Conclusion: During adolescence, girls reported lower self-rated health than boys and this gender difference increased over the years. High empowerment is related to high self-rated health, and positive school experiences and a good mood in the family seem to be important predictors of a positive development of self-rated health.
|
|
| 13. |
- Joffer, Junia, et al.
(författare)
-
Predictors of smoking among Swedish adolescents
- 2014
-
Ingår i: BMC Public Health. - : Springer Science and Business Media LLC. - 1471-2458. ; 14, s. 1296-
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Background: Smoking most often starts in adolescence, implying that understanding of predicting factors for smoking initiation during this time period is essential for successful smoking prevention. The aim of this study was to examine predicting factors in early adolescence for smoking in late adolescence. Methods: Longitudinal cohort study, involving 649 Swedish adolescents from lower secondary school (12-13 years old) to upper secondary school (17-18 years old). Tobacco habits, behavioural, intra-and interpersonal factors and socio-demographic variables were assessed through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, univariable and multivariable logistic regression were used to identify predicting factors. Results: Smoking prevalence increased from 3.3% among 12-13 year olds to 25.1% among 17-18 year olds. Possible predictors of smoking were: female sex, lower parental education, poorer family mood, poorer self-rated health, poorer self-esteem, less negative attitude towards smoking, binge drinking, snus use and smoking. In a multivariable logistic regression analysis, female sex (OR 1.64, CI 1.08-2.49), medium and low self-esteem (medium: OR 1.57, CI 1.03-2.38, low: 2.79, CI 1.46-5.33), less negative attitude towards smoking (OR 2.81, CI 1.70-4.66) and ever using snus (OR 3.43, CI 1.78-6.62) remained significant independent predicting factors. Conclusions: The study stresses the importance of strengthening adolescents' self-esteem, promoting anti-smoking attitudes in early adolescence, as well as avoidance of early initiation of snus. Such measures should be joint efforts involving parents, schools, youth associations, and legislating authorities.
|
|
| 14. |
|
|
| 15. |
- Myléus, Anna, 1978-, et al.
(författare)
-
Celiac disease revealed in 3% of Swedish 12-year-olds born during an epidemic
- 2009
-
Ingår i: Journal of Pediatric Gastroenterology and Nutrition - JPGN. - New York : Raven P. - 0277-2116 .- 1536-4801. ; 49:2, s. 170-176
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Objetive: Sweden experienced a marked epidemic of celiac disease between 1984 and 1996 in children younger than 2 years of age, partly explained by changes in infant feeding. The objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of celiac disease in 12-year-olds born during the epidemic (1993), including both symptomatic and screening detected cases.Patients and methods: All sixth-grade children in participating schools were invited (n = 10,041). Symptomatic and, therefore, previously diagnosed celiac disease cases were ascertained through the National Swedish Childhood Celiac Disease Register and/or medical records. All serum samples were analyzed for antihuman tissue transglutaminase (tTG)-IgA (Celikey), and serum-IgA, and some for tTG-IgG and endomysial antibodies. A small intestinal biopsy was recommended for all children with suspected undiagnosed celiac disease.Results: Participation was accepted by 7567 families (75%). Previously diagnosed celiac disease was found in 67 children; 8.9/1000 (95% confidence interval [CI] 6.7-11). In another 192 children, a small intestinal biopsy was recommended and was performed in 180. Celiac disease was verified in 145 children, 20/1000 (95% CI 17-23). The total prevalence was 29/1000 (95% CI 25-33).Conclusions: The celiac disease prevalence of 29/1000 (3%)-with two thirds of cases undiagnosed before screening-is 3-fold higher than the usually suggested prevalence of 1%. When these 12-year-olds were infants, the prevailing feeding practice was to introduce gluten abruptly, often without ongoing breast-feeding, which might have contributed to this unexpectedly high prevalence.
|
|
| 16. |
|
|
| 17. |
- Åkesson, Lina, et al.
(författare)
-
Serum metabolite signature predicts the acute onset of diabetes in spontaneously diabetic congenic BB rats
- 2011
-
Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 7:4, s. 593-603
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- The clinical presentation of type 1 diabetes is preceded by a prodrome of beta cell autoimmunity. We probed the short period of subtle metabolic abnormalities, which precede the acute onset of diabetes in the spontaneously diabetic BB rat, by analyzing the serum metabolite profile detected with combined gas chromatography/mass spectrometry (GC/MS) and liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry (LC/MS). We found that the metabolite pattern prior to diabetes included 17 metabolites, which differed between individual diabetes prone (DP) BB rats and their age and sex matched diabetes resistant (DR) littermates. As the metabolite signature at the 40 days of age baseline failed to distinguish DP from DR, there was a brief 10-day period after which the diabetes prediction pattern was observed, that includes fatty acids (e.g. oleamide), phospholipids (e.g. phosphocholines) and amino acids (e.g. isoleucine). It is concluded that distinct changes in the serum metabolite pattern predict type 1 diabetes and precede the appearance of insulitis in spontaneously diabetic BB DP rats. This observation should prove useful to dissect mechanisms of type 1 diabetes.
|
|
| 18. |
- Berglin, Ewa, MD, PhD, 1955-, et al.
(författare)
-
A combination of autoantibodies to cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and HLA-DRB1 locus antigens is strongly associated with future onset of rheumatoid arthritis
- 2004
-
Ingår i: Arthritis Research & Therapy. - : BioMed Central. - 1478-6354 .- 1478-6362 .- 1465-9905. ; 6:4, s. R303-R308
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Antibodies against cyclic citrullinated peptide (CCP) and rheumatoid factors (RFs) have been demonstrated to predate the onset of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) by years. A nested case–control study was performed within the Northern Sweden Health and Disease study cohort to analyse the presence of shared epitope (SE) genes, defined as HLA-DRB1*0404 or DRB1*0401, and of anti-CCP antibodies and RFs in individuals who subsequently developed RA. Patients with RA were identified from among blood donors whose samples had been collected years before the onset of symptoms. Controls matched for age, sex, and date of sampling were selected randomly from the same cohort. The SE genes were identified by polymerase chain reaction sequence-specific primers. Anti-CCP2 antibodies and RFs were determined using enzyme immunoassays. Fifty-nine individuals with RA were identified as blood donors, with a median antedating time of 2.0 years (interquartile range 0.9–3.9 years) before presenting with symptoms of RA. The sensitivity for SE as a diagnostic indicator for RA was 60% and the specificity was 64%. The corresponding figures for anti-CCP antibodies were 37% and 98%, and for RFs, 17–42% and 94%, respectively. In a logistic regression analysis, SE (odds ratio [OR] = 2.35), anti-CCP antibodies (OR = 15.9), and IgA-RF (OR = 6.8) significantly predicted RA. In a combination model analysis, anti-CCP antibodies combined with SE had the highest OR (66.8, 95% confidence interval 8.3–539.4) in predicting RA, compared with anti-CCP antibodies without SE (OR = 25.01, 95% confidence interval 2.8–222.2) or SE without anti-CCP antibodies (OR = 1.9, 95% confidence interval 0.9–4.2). This study showed that the presence of anti-CCP antibodies together with SE gene carriage is associated with a very high relative risk for future development of RA.
|
|
| 19. |
- Johansson, Lars, 1961-, et al.
(författare)
-
A survey of teenager unnatural deaths in northern Sweden 1981-2000
- 2005
-
Ingår i: Accident Analysis and Prevention. - : Elsevier BV. - 0001-4575 .- 1879-2057. ; 37:2, s. 253-258
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- OBJECTIVE: To survey unnatural deaths among teenagers in northern Sweden and to suggest preventive measures.SETTING: The four northernmost counties (908,000 inhabitants, 1991), forming 55% of the area of Sweden.MATERIAL AND METHODS: All unnatural teenager deaths from 1981 through 2000 were identified in the databases of the Department of Forensic Medicine in Umea, National Board of Forensic Medicine. Police reports and autopsy findings were always studied, social and hospital records if present.RESULTS: Three hundred and fifty-five deaths were found, of which 267 (75%) were males and 88 (25%) females. Ninety out of 327 (28%) tested positive for alcohol. Two hundred and forty-eight (70%) were unintentional and 102 (30%) were intentional deaths, and five (1%) were categorized as undetermined manner of death. Unintentional deaths decreased while the incidence of intentional deaths remained unaffected by time.CONCLUSIONS: Injury-reducing measures have been effective concerning unintentional deaths and the fall in young licensed drivers due to the economical recess have probably also contributed to the decrease. However, there were no signs of decreasing numbers of suicides during the study period, which calls for resources to be allocated to suicide prevention.
|
|
| 20. |
- Kuhl, Jeanette, et al.
(författare)
-
Metabolomics as a tool to evaluate exercise-induced improvements in insulin sensitivity
- 2008
-
Ingår i: Metabolomics. - : Springer Boston. - 1573-3882 .- 1573-3890. ; 4:3, s. 273-82
-
Tidskriftsartikel (refereegranskat)abstract
- Exercise affects substrate utilisation and insulin sensitivity, which in turn improve blood glucose and lipid levels in subjects with type 2 diabetes (T2D). However, making long-lasting lifestyle-changes might be more realistic if the results were easier to record. Screening for biomarkers reflecting metabolic fitness could thus serve as a tool for maintained motivation. The aim of this study was to test the possibility that metabolomics can be used to identify individuals with improved insulin sensitivity as a result of increased physical activity. Healthy and diabetic subjects were investigated before and after 3 months of exercise to determine various metabolic parameters. Insulin sensitivity was determined by hyperinsulinemic euglycemic clamps and found to be improved in the diabetic men. Plasma was collected during the clamp and analyzed through GC/TOFMS. Healthy subjects could be distinguished from diabetics by means of low molecular-weight compounds (LMC) in plasma independently of gender or exercise, and exercise induced differences in LMC patterns both for healthy and T2D subjects. Forty-four significant metabolites were found to explain differences between LMC patterns obtained from trained and non-trained diabetics. Among these compounds, 17 could be annotated and 5 classified. Inositol-1-phosphate showed the highest correlation to insulin sensitivity in diabetic men, whereas an as yet unknown fatty acid correlated best with insulin sensitivity in women. Both metabolites were better correlated to insulin sensitivity than glucose. Finally, the finding that inostitol-1-phosphate negatively correlates with insulin sensitivity in diabetic men, was validated using samples obtained from a similar training study on diabetic men.
|
|
